The Use of Induction Heating in Assessing the Technical Condition and Operating Intervals in Producing Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramil Faizyrovich Sharafutdinov ◽  
Rim Abdullovich Valiullin ◽  
Denis Vladimirovich Kosmylin ◽  
Ayrat Shaikhullinovich Ramazanov ◽  
Vladimir Yakovlevich Fedotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Convection ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Induction Heater ◽  
Temperature Probe ◽  
Thermal Anemometer

Abstract The paper considers two approaches based on the use of an induction heater: the first is a "large thermal anemometer", in which the casing is heated by induction action and the problem of determining column flows, determining the flow rate and the inflow profile is solved by analyzing the formation of thermal labels (Valiullin et al., 2001, Valiullin et al., 2002), the second is a "small radial-azimuth thermal anemometer - small thermal anemometer", where an induction heater is used to heat the element of the thermal anemometer. In the second case, the problem of estimating the flow direction and estimating the flow rate is solved. For the first approach, "large thermal anemometer", the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the temperature field distribution in a physical model as close as possible to the design of a real oil well, with induction heating of the column taking into account the column flow of liquid. The influence of forced convection on the readings of temperature sensors with different locations in the well (pressed against the inner wall of the column, along the axis of the device) is studied. The advantages of the azimuthal location of temperature sensors when measuring temperature anomalies of the column motion of a liquid are shown. It is established that with the help of an azimuthally distributed temperature probe, it is possible to determine the column flow "from above" when measuring above and below the heating point of the inductor. The optimal time intervals for measuring the temperature at which the allocation of channels for the column movement of the liquid is most effective are determined. For the second approach, "small thermal anemometer", the design features of a borehole thermoconductive indicator of the inflow of indirect heating, which is heated using an induction heater, are considered. Using an induction heater, a uniform heating of the housing of the borehole thermoconductive inflow indicator is achieved. Due to the developed design, the sensor is able to detect the presence of a liquid flow directed perpendicular to the body, and determine the direction of this flow. The "large thermal anemometer" technology has been tested, which has shown its effectiveness and prospects for using it to determine backwater flows (column circulation), but there are still questions related to assessing the effect of thermal convection on the recorded temperature and the possibility of diagnosing the column circulation channel (Valiullin et al., 2017). The article (Valiullin et al., 2008) describes the developed equipment of the "active thermometry" method for conducting geophysical studies of wells, while the classical location of temperature sensors along the axis of the device is used in the borehole probe, which does not make it possible to determine the channels of the circulation channels. The sensors located in this way are more susceptible to the influence of thermal convection, while the change in the velocity and composition of the fluid can be estimated as the presence of circulation channel. In this regard, work was carried out to reduce the influence of convection, the design of the temperature probe was developed, which allows minimizing the influence of thermal convection and increasing the efficiency of the allocation of circulation channel. Thermoanemometers, better known as thermoanemometer sensors (borehole thermoconductive inflow indicator), have been widely used in field geophysics (Zhuvagin et al., 1973). The traditional sensor of a thermal anemometer, with all its advantages, is not without disadvantages, and one of these is the inability to unambiguously determine the presence and direction of the fluid flow directed perpendicular to its body. The solution of this problem would allow, along with the known solved problems, to increase the information content of the thermoanemometer sensor, namely, in terms of detecting the leakiness of the column, evaluating the operating intervals at low debits, the flow direction. This problem is solved in this work on the basis of the use of an indirect induction heater.

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

scholarly journals Formation of the Traffic Flow Rate under the Influence of Traffic Flow Concentration in Time at Controlled Intersections in Tyumen, Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8324
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Morozov ◽  
Sergei Iarkov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Traffic Light

Present experience shows that it is impossible to solve the problem of traffic congestion without intelligent transport systems. Traffic management in many cities uses the data of detectors installed at controlled intersections. Further, to assess the traffic situation, the data on the traffic flow rate and its concentration are compared. Latest scientific studies propose a transition from spatial to temporal concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the influence of traffic flow concentration in time on traffic flow rate at controlled city intersections. The methodological basis of this study was a systemic approach. Theoretical and experimental studies were based on the existing provisions of system analysis, traffic flow theory, experiment planning, impulses, probabilities, and mathematical statistics. Experimental data were obtained and processed using modern equipment and software: Traficam video detectors, SPECTR traffic light controller, Traficam Data Tool, SPECTR 2.0, AutoCad 2017, and STATISTICA 10. In the course of this study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in the level of motorization, the structure of the motor vehicle fleet, and the dynamics of changes in the number of controlled intersections. As a result of theoretical studies, a hypothesis was put forward that the investigated process is described by a two-factor quadratic multiplicative model. Experimental studies determined the parameters of the developed model depending on the directions of traffic flow, and confirmed its adequacy according to Fisher’s criterion with a probability of at least 0.9. The results obtained can be used to control traffic flows at controlled city intersections.

scholarly journals Movement of a finite body in channel flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2191) ◽  
pp. 20160164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Smith ◽  
Edward R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Unsteady Interaction ◽  
High Reynolds

A body of finite size is moving freely inside, and interacting with, a channel flow. The description of this unsteady interaction for a comparatively dense thin body moving slowly relative to flow at medium-to-high Reynolds number shows that an inviscid core problem with vorticity determines much, but not all, of the dominant response. It is found that the lift induced on a body of length comparable to the channel width leads to differences in flow direction upstream and downstream on the body scale which are smoothed out axially over a longer viscous length scale; the latter directly affects the change in flow directions. The change is such that in any symmetric incident flow the ratio of slopes is found to be cos ⁡ ( π / 7 ) , i.e. approximately 0.900969, independently of Reynolds number, wall shear stresses and velocity profile. The two axial scales determine the evolution of the body and the flow, always yielding instability. This unusual evolution and linear or nonlinear instability mechanism arise outside the conventional range of flow instability and are influenced substantially by the lateral positioning, length and axial velocity of the body.

scholarly journals Generation of Reverse Meniscus Flow by Applying An Electromagnetic Brake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vakhrushev ◽  
Abdellah Kharicha ◽  
Ebrahim Karimi-Sibaki ◽  
Menghuai Wu ◽  
Andreas Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Slab Caster ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA numerical study is presented that deals with the flow in the mold of a continuous slab caster under the influence of a DC magnetic field (electromagnetic brakes (EMBrs)). The arrangement and geometry investigated here is based on a series of previous experimental studies carried out at the mini-LIMMCAST facility at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). The magnetic field models a ruler-type EMBr and is installed in the region of the ports of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN). The current article considers magnet field strengths up to 441 mT, corresponding to a Hartmann number of about 600, and takes the electrical conductivity of the solidified shell into account. The numerical model of the turbulent flow under the applied magnetic field is implemented using the open-source CFD package OpenFOAM®. Our numerical results reveal that a growing magnitude of the applied magnetic field may cause a reversal of the flow direction at the meniscus surface, which is related the formation of a “multiroll” flow pattern in the mold. This phenomenon can be explained as a classical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect: (1) the closure of the induced electric current results not primarily in a braking Lorentz force inside the jet but in an acceleration in regions of previously weak velocities, which initiates the formation of an opposite vortex (OV) close to the mean jet; (2) this vortex develops in size at the expense of the main vortex until it reaches the meniscus surface, where it becomes clearly visible. We also show that an acceleration of the meniscus flow must be expected when the applied magnetic field is smaller than a critical value. This acceleration is due to the transfer of kinetic energy from smaller turbulent structures into the mean flow. A further increase in the EMBr intensity leads to the expected damping of the mean flow and, consequently, to a reduction in the size of the upper roll. These investigations show that the Lorentz force cannot be reduced to a simple damping effect; depending on the field strength, its action is found to be topologically complex.

Pressure Drop Measurements for Air Flow Through Open-Cell Aluminum Foam

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Dukhan ◽  
Angel Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Thick Sample ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Two Samples

Wind-tunnel pressure drop measurements for airflow through two samples of forty-pore-per-inch commercially available open-cell aluminum foam were undertaken. Each sample’s cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction measured 10.16 cm by 24.13 cm. The thickness in the flow direction was 10.16 cm for one sample and 5.08 cm for the other. The flow rate ranged from 0.016 to 0.101 m3/s for the thick sample and from 0.025 to 0.134 m3/s for the other. The data were all in the fully turbulent regime. The pressure drop for both samples increased with increasing flow rate and followed a quadratic behavior. The permeability and the inertia coefficient showed some scatter with average values of 4.6 × 10−8 m2 and 2.9 × 10−8 m2, and 0.086 and 0.066 for the thick and the thin samples, respectively. The friction factor decayed with the Reynolds number and was weakly dependent on the Reynolds number for Reynolds number greater than 35.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Surface Flow Direction on the Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Granite Single Fracture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Gao ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Zhongjun Hu ◽  
Yibin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Heat Transfer Capacity

As fluid passes through the fracture of an enhanced geothermal system, the flow direction exhibits distinct angular relationships with the geometric profile of the rough fracture. This will inevitably affect the heat transfer characteristics in the fracture. Therefore, we established a hydro-thermal coupling model to study the influence of the fluid flow direction on the heat transfer characteristics of granite single fractures and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified by experiments. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between the distribution of the local heat transfer coefficient and the fracture morphology. A change in the flow direction is likely to alter the transfer coefficient value and does not affect the distribution characteristics along the flow path. Increasing injection flow rate has an enhanced effect. Although the heat transfer capacity in the fractured increases with the flow rate, a sharp decline in the heat extraction rate and the total heat transfer coefficient is also observed. Furthermore, the model with the smooth fracture surface in the flow direction exhibits a higher heat transfer capacity compared to that of the fracture model with varying roughness. This is attributed to the presence of fluid deflection and dominant channels.

Experimental Studies on Diesel Engine with Piston Crown Modification Using an Optimum Alternative Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 830-835
Author(s):  
Akkaraju H. Kiran Theja ◽  
Rayapati Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
The Body ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Piston Crown ◽  
Karanja Oil

The drawbacks associated with bio-fuels can be minimized by making modifications to combustion chamber. Modification of combustion chamber is achieved by providing an air gap in between the crown and the body of the piston with the top crown made of low thermal conductivity material. Experimentation is carried on a diesel engine with brass as piston crown material and karanja as test fuel, which is found to be a better alternative fuel based on the tests carried out prior to modification. Investigations are carried out on the performance of the engine with modified combustion chamber consisting of air gap insulated piston with 2 mm air gap with brass crown when fuelled with karanja oil. Comparative studies are made between the two configurations of engine with and without modification at an injection timing of 29obTDC. Performance, heat balance and emission plots are made with respect to brake power. Fuel consumption increased with modification. The mechanical and volumetric efficiencies are similar in both the cases. Indicated and brake thermal efficiencies got reduced with modification. But, it is good to see that HC and CO emissions are showing positive trend. Thus, the present investigation hints the possibility of improvements while making piston modification and providing air gap insulation.

Late Stage Decomposition of Embalmed Cadavers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mata Tutor ◽  
Catherine Villoria Rojas ◽  
María Benito Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Law ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Preservation Technique ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Decomposition is a natural process that begins approximately four minutes after death and continues until the body is degraded to simpler biochemical components which are gradually recycled back to the environment. This process is dependent on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Embalming is a chemical preservation technique that aims to preserve the external appearance of the body in good condition for an indeterminate period. In Spain, there is a lack of experimental studies carried out to analyse the variables that affect decomposition in embalmed bodies, therefore, in accordance with the conclusions reached by previous authors, it is hypothesised that embalmed bodies show quantifiable characteristics during the late stage decomposition which distinguish them from control, unembalmed, cadavers. An anthropological and statistical analysis was performed on 14 individuals from Cementerio Sur de Madrid exhumed after ten years according to the Mortuary Health Law of the Autonomous Region of Madrid. The preliminary results obtained showed that there is a qualitative and statistically significant relationship between the variables evaluated, being the presence or absence of soft tissue the most notable difference. The mortuary or thanatopraxy treatments performed before the burial and the microenvironmental conditions of the burial positively influence the soft tissue preservation on embalmed bodies. These results contribute to the understanding about the decomposition rate of an embalmed cadavers in cemeteries, and the related extrinsic variables.

The Study of Fire-extinguishing Process of Modelled Fire Seats

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
V.N. Bordakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Specific Flow Rate ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fire Zone ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.

Effect Of The Rib Inclination Angle On Liquid Film Spreading Over The Structured Surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Pavlenko ◽  
Oleg Volodin ◽  
Vladimir Serdyukov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Structured Packing ◽  
Film Spreading

Results of experimental studies on hydrodynamics of the film flow of liquid nitrogen over the surface of the single elements of structured packing are presented. The effect of inclination angle of the large ribs and perforation on the zones of liquid film spreading over the corrugated surface with microtexture at different Reynolds numbers of the film is shown based on a comparison of experimental data. It is shown that the angle of large rib inclination has a significant influence on redistribution of the local flow rate of liquid flowing on the surface with complex geometry. Analysis of results of the high-speed video revealed that in a vicinity of the vertical lateral edges of corrugated plates, the intense rivulet flows are formed, including those with separation from the film flow surface. This negative factor can lead to significant liquid accumulation and flow near the vertical edges of the structured packing and on the inner wall of the heat exchanging apparatuses and, finally, to a significant increase in the degree of maldistribution of local liquid flow rate over the crosssection, for instance, of the distillation columns.

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