Boosting Production in the Llanos Orientales Colombia Basin, with an Approach to the Usage of the Completion Fluid. A Recent Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mario Diaz Lozano ◽  
Carlos Andres Cortes Daza ◽  
Erika Andrea Pacheco Gomez ◽  
Elizabeth Plata Ruiz ◽  
Jaime Castellanos Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Recent Case Study ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fluid Design ◽  
Completion Fluids

Abstract This arcticle highlights the importance of a systematic step change approach to the formulation of completion fluids in the Llanos Basin (LLAB), Colombia, when formation-freshwater is to be used as control - completion (C&C) fluid. The results demonstrate that the process used reduced the formation damage statistics from 41% of the wells drilled to only 16%, boosting production and establishing a best practice for future drilling and completion (D&C) campaigns in the region. An initial sample of 19 wells was considered to evaluate the damage caused by using formation-freshwater as C&C fluid. Formation-freshwater was selected only considering the fluid density (wellbore pressure), ignoring the negative effects it can have on formation damage. 41% of the wells were damaged, as evidenced by pressure build up. Some of the main damages on the pay-zone in an oil well are due to emulsion blocking, change in wettability, swelling and migration of clays, incompatibility of fluids, and scale formation. A detailed design of completion fluids has a positive influence over well productivity by mitigating formation damage before starting the production stage. The methodology used was aimed at designing the C&C fluid through a step-by-step approach, consisting of: 1) Laboratory tests supported with mineralogical data and oil and formation water properties and 2) Physical-chemical analysis of reservoir fluids and water for mixing purposes. The process involved testing different formulations and then their implementation in the field. The initial tests were conducted in a total of 5 wells in 4 fields. Changes were identified in the formulation to achieve optimal fluid design for each field and then the selected fluid was extended to a total of 24 wells. This was the first time a thoroughly designed completion fluid was used in the region. The results point towards the need to include surfactants, mutual solvents, and brines to substantially reduce formation damage. The application of new completion fluids enabled the operational teams to optimize the process by steps. The implementation of customized completion fluid reduced the formation damage as evidenced through productivity analyses and pressure build up tests. Only 16% of the wells presented formation damage. The process applied to reduce formation damage of the Llanos Basin led to a systematic approach for the analysis stage, which may be applied in other areas, where the utilization of formation-freshwater is an issue. The particularly short time frames and best practices derived from the learning curve of this case are worth to be shared with other operators.

Globalization of Regionalism: Challenges and Risks for Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trade And Investment

TЕhe article deals with the intensive development of the process of regionalization of the world trade and analyzes grounds for this process. It traces the evolution of regional trade agreements which account for the constant growth of mutual deliveries. The author pays attention to the transformation of regionalism which acquires step by step transcontinental character. The article states that the regional integration apart from the positive influence on trade and investment flow also has negative effects, namely erosion of the regime of most-favored-nation treatment and threats of the beginning of chaos in the international trade and investment exchange. The author studies projects of the creation of global superblocks of the integration type – Transatlantic, Eastern Asiatic, Asiatic -Pacific. In author’s opinion, their emergence will lead to radical changes of the institutional configuration of the world economic space which will turn into a two-level structure. On the first level rules of the multilateral trade system (WTO) will be applied. On the second level principles and regulations fixed by global multilateral trade and economic agreements with participation of all leaders of the international trade will act. The author concludes that Russia has to choose optimal direction of its participation in the global economic. Correspondingly, attention is paid to the problems and risks inherent in its connection with transcontinental trade and economic agreements which are objects of multilateral negotiations at the present time. In particular, the author states that in case of establishment of “mild” forms of integration in the Asiatic -Pacific or European directions Russia will have to open – completely or to a great extent – its domestic market for goods from the countries of the regions mentioned. The losses caused by such a disclosure might outweigh the benefits from liberalization of the access to the markets of partner countries.

scholarly journals ГИС-ПОДХОД ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБЫЧНЫХ И СДВОЕННЫХ КОЛЕС НА ТВЕРДОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Surface Character ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Negative Effect

<p>GIS-APPROACH application has allowed establishing that usual wheels of machine-tractor units carry out considerable influence on soil which exceeds visible borders of a track of wheels on the dimensions. This influence shows in augmentation of soil penetration resistance at 100-155 % in comparison with the control on depth of 0-10 cm and on 20-30 % on depth of 45-50 %. It is impossible to exclude that influence of wheels proceeds more deeply, than tests have been conducted. Critical for cultivated plants value of soil penetration resistance in 3 MPa under the influence of usual wheels of agricultural machinery comes nearer practically to a surface. Character of profile changes of hardness in various regions influences of wheels allows assuming the long season of a relaxation of soil for achievement of background values of soil penetration resistance. The further researches are necessary for an establishment of concrete indicators of dynamics. Negative influence of an overstocking does not confine only deterioration of conditions of growth of assemblages of rootlets of plants. Infringement of processes of moving of moisture in the soil, the accelerated evaporation and the slowed down processes of a filtration and an infiltration, destruction of modular frame, activization of erosive processes is possible. The understanding of these processes will give the chance volume understanding of real influence of running systems of machine-tractor devices on bedrock. Region intensive influence of dual wheels is circumscribed by the top soil layers (0-15 cm). The major feature of influence of dual wheels is absence of an overstocking above critical levels. It is impossible to exclude possible positive influence of moderate inspissations of soil under the influence of dual wheels for growth of agricultural crops and moisture conservation in soil. The cumulative negative effect on soil crossed vehicles traces is probable. The long season of a relaxation of soil after anthropogenic transformation can create a network of traces of vehicles in the field. In region crossings of traces negative effects considerably increase.</p> <p><em>Keywords: hardness of bedrock, GIS-TECHNOLOGY, technique influence</em></p>

Tackling the Grand Challenge of Algorithmic Opacity Through Principled Robust Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Alexander Buhmann ◽  
Christian Fieseler
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Fluid Design

Organizations increasingly delegate agency to artificial intelligence. However, such systems can yield unintended negative effects as they may produce biases against users or reinforce social injustices. What pronounces them as a unique grand challenge, however, are not their potentially problematic outcomes but their fluid design. Machine learning algorithms are continuously evolving; as a result, their functioning frequently remains opaque to humans. In this article, we apply recent work on tackling grand challenges though robust action to assess the potential and obstacles of managing the challenge of algorithmic opacity. We stress that although this approach is fruitful, it can be gainfully complemented by a discussion regarding the accountability and legitimacy of solutions. In our discussion, we extend the robust action approach by linking it to a set of principles that can serve to evaluate organisational approaches of tackling grand challenges with respect to their ability to foster accountable outcomes under the intricate conditions of algorithmic opacity.

The Entrepreneurial Orientation

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Luis Enrique Valdez-Juárez ◽  
Elva Alicia Ramos-Escobar ◽  
Edith Patricia Borboa-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the opportunities for entrepreneurship, the behavior of the entrepreneurial orientation, and the orientation towards the market that is developed in the SME, and the effects which exert in the innovation and the profitability in the field of SMEs. The research is based on a sample of 1012 commercial, services, and industrial enterprises in the Northwest region of Mexico. The data collection was carried out during the period from September to December 2016, through a self-directed survey to the manager. The relations estimates have been tested through the Structural Equation System (Hervas-Oliver, Sempere-Ripoll, and Boronat-Moll) based on the variance with the PLS technique, supported by the software SmartPLS version 3.2.6. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant influence on innovation activities and on the profitability of SMEs. Also, the innovation has a significant positive influence on the profitability. In addition, market orientation shows significant and negative effects on the profitability of SMEs. For these types of companies, it is important that they focus their efforts on customers, the market and the main competitors. This investigation contributes to the development of the literature on entrepreneurial behavior and dynamic capabilities.

Negative effects of self-help materials: three explorative studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Papworth ◽  
Aileen Ward ◽  
Karen Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Training Need

AbstractWithin the field of adult mental health, self-help is now a pivotal treatment modality. However, earlier research indicates that some individuals react negatively to this. Through three, small-scale studies, this paper explores both clinicians’ experience of harm in patients as a response to self-help materials as well as patients’ own reports. In Study 1, a postal survey was administrated to clinicians; in Study 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians; and in Study 3, patients were sent a postal survey. Over 18% of clinicians indicated that they had experienced self-help materials resulting in harm to patients. The interviews uncovered four main themes: the patients’ clinical presentation, how the materials were presented within the therapeutic contact, certain personality characteristics in patients, and the characteristics of some materials. Between 12% and 24% of patients reported experience of negative effects (depending upon how this is defined), although the latter finding is limited by a small sample size. Proposals are made that are linked to best practice and it is suggested that there is a generic training need for clinicians in materials’ use.

Price protection policies with demand uncertainty and strategic consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Chuiri Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Consumers ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Optimal Decisions

Purpose This paper aims to study a retailer’s decision on the price and inventory when facing strategic consumer behavior and demand uncertainty. Price protection is a kind of rebate that the retailer provides to consumers when the price drops during the selling season. The research investigates whether price protection can bring the retailer advantages. This paper compares price protection’s impact with price commitment. In addition, the paper studies the price protection’s impacts on supplier of the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach In this model, there are three alternative strategies for retailer: no price protection policy, full price protection policy and partial price protection policy. The selling season is divided into two periods: regular period and sale period. In the regular period, the products are sold at a regular price. In the sale one, the products are sold at a lower price. By adopting rational expectations equilibrium, this paper analyzes retailer’s optimal price and order quantity under each policy and compares optimal decisions and maximum profits of three policies. Findings This paper finds that the price protection has a positive influence on the retailer. Strategic consumers are induced to purchase at the regular period. It can simultaneously increase retailer’s profit and reduce inventory risk. Meantime, full price protection is chosen as the optimal policy. By comparing full price protection’s impacts with price commitment, full price protection is considered as the most profitable strategy, while price commitment can bring lower inventory risk. In addition, the profit of supplier would decrease because of price protection. Originality/value This research provides a new method to address the negative effects of strategic consumer behavior. It also brings some managerial insights to some retailers, especially online ones, on whether to adopt price protection.

Environmental Safety in the Zone of Influence of Uranium Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
T.V. Chekushina ◽  
I.A. Lisovoy ◽  
T.S. Lisovaya
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Vegetation Layer

It is shown that the improvement of the environmental situation at the sites of mountain sites is achieved through the implementation of planning activities that include: the organization of storm sewers to collect surface and filtered through the dumps of water, supply them to the mine waters treatment plant; isolation of the surface of the dumps by the soil and vegetation layer, which prevents dust emission and migration of radionuclides from the effects of precipitation; recultivation of contaminated radionuclides in the process of production activities of local areas with a total area of 20 thousand m2. Rehabilitation measures to minimize negative effects on the environment and human health from the effects of radiation and other polluting factors have been scientifically substantiated, developed and implemented.

Investigations on the Damage Potential of Drilling Fluids: HT/HP-Return-Permeability Tests Under Dynamic Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Freese
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
German Society ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Set Up

In view of the increasing scarcity of energy resources, wells are being drilled to progressively greater depths for the production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Economical exploitation of these HT/HP reservoirs is possible only with the application of drilling and completion methods which do not damage the formation. Here, the reservoir-saving exposure of these deposits is an essential contribution. The damage potential of drilling fluids and treatment fluids is usually assessed on the basis of return permeability (RP) tests. An impairment of the effective rock permeability through appropriate candidate fluids (drill in fluids, etc.) can be measured with special laboratory tests. In addition to the RP-Tests further investigations should be made to estimate the formation damage such as high-resolution digital photography, mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy as well as microsection analyses. Within the framework of the German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology a project was carried out to evaluate common formation damage test facilities and to define the “best practice” meeting the requirements of RP-measurements under borehole-like conditions. After a thorough evaluation an advanced HT/HP facility for formation damage testing was designed and built. By using of this set-up, systematic return-permeability tests were performed under dynamic conditions for temperatures up to 180 °C, for a flow pressure up to 250 bar, and a mantle pressure up to 350 bar. This paper presents results from a study on the filtration and formation damage behaviour of drilling fluids under variation of the concentration and of the weighting material particle size distribution. Furthermore, promising results from changing dynamic and static filtration experiments are discussed.

Physiological and Neurobiological Bases of Age-Related Hearing Loss: Biotherapeutic Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Frisina ◽  
D. Robert Frisina
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Women And Aging ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Purpose The aim of this study was to highlight growing evidence of interactions between hormones and the structure and function of the auditory system. Method Recent studies implicating sex hormones and other natural hormones in the modulation of hearing status in age-related hearing loss were reviewed. Results Progesterone, a sex hormone, has been shown to have negative effects on the hearing of older women and aging mice, whereas, in contrast, estrogen was found in some cases to have a positive influence. Aldosterone, used in studies of animal models of autoimmune hearing loss, slowed the progression of hearing loss. Follow-up studies in humans revealed that auditory measures varied as serum aldosterone levels shifted within the normal range, in otherwise healthy older subjects. This was true for simple as well as complex auditory tasks (i.e., sound spatial processing), suggesting benefits of aldosterone to postperipheral auditory processing as well. In addition, evidence suggests that this functional hearing improvement occurred in association with anatomical improvements to the stria vascularis—an important site of anatomical change in presbycusis. Conclusions Audiology is now at the point where the search for biomedical interventions to modulate or prevent age-related hearing loss can move forward. Such interventions would require multidisciplinary collaborative initiatives by researchers in such areas as drug development, anatomy, auditory physiological and perceptual testing, and drug microdelivery systems.

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