PACT - One Step Closer to Well Control Autonomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Petersen ◽  
Ola Strand ◽  
Espen Johansen ◽  
Dag Almar Hansen ◽  
Dag Ketil Fredheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
And Control

Abstract Pressure control have been going through steps of evolution. In the highlight of safety, reliability and control, the systems have been sturdy withstanding massive pressure and environmental impact to last the time of estimated life of well. Design have been emphasizing on sturdiness rather than intelligence and autonomy. Time moves on, sophistication levels rise in all parts of our industry. Sustainability and lower environmental impact of solutions grow from the young into business planning and democratic policies. Control lines of hydraulic systems posed risks to the environment as well as being costly in structure and maintenance. Condition monitoring helped ensure better maintenance planning and lowered the risk of breakdown, but still left a lot to be desired reaching for self-contained, self learning systems with low installation and maintenance costs, yet the safest approach. The next steps were taken towards electrification and digitization of pressure control systems, making short and undetermined strides over almost two decades. Still, the standards are not following the pace of technological progress. And when someone dares to pilot or demonstrate modern technology applied, the installations and operational procedures of the systems still need expensive distributed lines of power, of signals and control systems to ensure a swift and safe operation. The fly-by-wire principle applied in oil & gas is the operate-by-costly-technology-and-environmental-impact-lines. With the introduction of new and breaking technology in energy harvesting and storage, the playing field opens up towards fully automated systems with no need for expensive power lines or hydraulic control lines. The safety will be taken care of also off-grid, fully digitized. Should cabling of instrument signals be damaged, the system of tomorrow will still be up to par with the Safety Integrity Levels needed. New super-capacitors with an extra dense storage capacity being developed in partnership between the industry and the University of southeast Norway combined with an extremely low energy consuming actuation system with the fastest failsafe mechanism ever will ensure safety in all modes of operation, even with all lines down or consumed by flames. The paper aims to show how the technology works and underline why it will take a place in the future of well control and production.

Pact All Electric - One Step Closer to Autonomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Petersen ◽  
Ola Strand ◽  
Espen Sten Johansen ◽  
Dag Almar Hansen ◽  
Dag Ketil Fredheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Power Sources

Abstract E&P companies are increasingly challenged with cost-effective development or upgrade of remote fields, ensuring crew safety and regulatory requirements for reducing environmental impact. Remote operations and unmanned platforms have significantly lower CO2 emissions and lowerCAPEX and OPEX in areas of sparse infrastructure. Complete electrification of safety critical control systems is key to maintain safe production while digitization, automation and condition based maintenance reduce required on-site personnel. An all-electric wellhead- and production tree valve actuator for handling emergency situations has been developed under a Joint Industry Project by Equinor, Baker Hughes and TECHNI. PACT utilize a completely new, patent pending failsafe mechanism that is inherently safe without requirement for redundancy. PACT contains an embedded controller and sensors with extremely low power consumption rendering it well suited for solar/alternate power sources. A new super-capacitor is under development in partnership with the University of Southeast Norway, that in combination with the fastest failsafe mechanism ever ensure safety in all modes of operation, even with all lines down or consumed by flames. Electric actuators offer significant CAPEX savings over hydraulic actuators by eliminating costly hydraulic control systems and hydraulic lines as well as saving space and weight. Overall system cost is significantly lower than hydraulic systems (Equinor estimates at around USD 2million per well for an unmanned platform) while also reducing emissions and environmental impact. Globally, there are approximately 7000 offshore platforms of which 1600 are unmanned (200 in the Middle East). The existing population of unmanned platforms is undergoing continual upgrades and there are significant cost savings by using the PACT as a drop-in replacement for existing hydraulic systems, while enabling fully digitized, remote control and autonomous operations. Low power consumption, weight and a small footprint renders it equally suited for land wells, including retrofit upgrades without reinforcing infrastructure. PACT is designed to be an integral part of automated and remote-control systems and the modular technology is also being adopted for subsea trees, as well as other mission critical pressure control applications. Given the significant benefits in simplifying operations and reducing cost while improving HSSE, leading E&P companies including Equinor, Total, Aker BP and others have chosen electric operations as future technology platform for both topside and subsea operations. Embedded force-, pressure-, temperature- and vibration sensors enable data-driven, fact- and condition based maintenance. Aggregating real-time and historical data, component- and system models ensures fully remote/autonomous operation with a digital twin. The novel failsafe-mechanism fronts the most reliable action of all times while the patent pending solution ensures closing times down to 1 second. In 2020 the consortium was awarded USD 950 000 in government support funding and in May 2021 PACT won OTC Spotlight on New Technology award. The paper aims to show how the technology works and underline why it will take a place in the future of well control and production.

scholarly journals Design of PI Controllers for Hydraulic Control Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJubiša Dubonjić ◽  
Novak Nedić ◽  
Vojislav Filipović ◽  
Dragan Pršić
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
High Order ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Nyquist Criterion ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
Nonlinear Algebraic Equations

The paper proposes a procedure for design of PI controllers for hydraulic systems with long transmission lines which are described by models of high order. Design is based on the combination of the IE criterion and engineering specifications (settling time and relative stability) as well as on the application ofD-decomposition. In comparison with some known results, the method is of graphical character, and it is very simple (solving nonlinear algebraic equations is eliminated). The paper presents the algorithm of software procedure for design of the controller. The method is compared with other methods at the level of simulation, and its superiority is shown. By applying the Nyquist criterion, it is shown that the method possesses robustness in relation to non modelled dynamics.

scholarly journals A Flexible Adjustment and Control System for Hydraulic Machines

10.14311/1576 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Banyai ◽  
Lucian Marcu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flow Power ◽  
Hydraulic Control System

Due to the advantages of hydraulic systems with variable displacement, it was necessary to design a control system that can adjust the pressure, flow, power or a combination of these features, that can be easily integrated into the pump body without changing its mechanical construction. The objective of this work was to study the dynamic behavior of this electro-hydraulic control system. To achieve these objectives, first the adjusting system was analyzed by numerical simulations, and then a stand was constructed for testing the performance of these adjustable pumps. It was shown that this control system is superior to existing systems.

scholarly journals Design Features of the User Interface of the Pipeline Pressure Control Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
pp. short34-1-short34-8
Author(s):  
Elena Afonina ◽  
Marina Levaya ◽  
Igor Levyy
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Automatic Pressure ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

For control and regulation of hydraulic systems, especially, oil pumping stations, automatic pressure control systems (APCS) are used. Using it, the monitoring, controlling, and adjusting the operation of technological equipment, optimization of modes, and other tasks that require direct human participation become possible. The operator (or dispatcher) interacts with the system via a human-machine interface. The monitoring system includes programs for collecting, processing, displaying, and archiving information about the object of observation and control. Well-suited and being put to the right user interface design promotes not only the effective interaction of the operator with the system in normal conditions but also prevents errors and helps to find a solution in a dangerous or emergency swiftly. This paper presents a software package designed for real-time monitoring and regulation of pipeline operation. A system simulation model is provided for the teaching and training of site personnel.

Improving Energy Efficiency of the Hydraulic Power Systems in Heavy Machinery

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Dejvid Anastasovski ◽  
◽  
Emil Zaev ◽  
Darko Babunski ◽  
Gerhard Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Servo Systems ◽  
Scada System ◽  
And Control

The main goal of the research done in this paper is to examine possible improvements in energy efficiency of the hydraulic power systems and with this lower gas emission from working machinery. It is here given a brief explanation of the existing hydraulic systems putting special attention on a hydraulic system with separate meter-in and separate meter-out (SMISMO). While the aim of this research is to improve the hydraulic energy efficiency mainly using the SMISMO system, additional research on using those systems for simultaneous speed and pressure control of the cylinders is also observed. The results obtained through experimental studies will be used to further improve the hydraulic system. Further upgrade of this system is to design automated SCADA system for improved data acquisition and control the valves in servo systems.

Active Lubrication for Eliminating Instability Problems in Rotating Machines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmar F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lubrication Mechanisms

When the hydrostatic and the hydrodynamic lubrication are simultaneously combined in a journal bearing, with the aim of reducing wear between rotating and stationary parts, one refers to the hybrid lubrication, which offers the advantages of both lubrication mechanisms. When part of the hydrostatic pressure is also dynamically modified by means of hydraulic control systems, one refers to the active lubrication. By the combination of fluid power, electronics and control theory, the active lubrication makes feasible the reduction of wear and the attenuation of rotor instabilities. Significant reduction of resonance peaks is demonstrated in a test rig, specially designed with the aim of experimentally exploring the potential of the active lubrication. Experiments are led in the frequency domain.

Reconstruction of Hydrostatic Drive and Control System Dedicated for Small Mobile Platform

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Guzowski ◽  
Andrzej Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Mobile Platform ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Drive And Control ◽  
And Control

The paper presents modification of drive and control system for specially developed small size multipurpose mobile platform which has been built based on existing vehicle undercarriage. For such redesigned object new concept of hydrostatic drive and control system is proposed. The control system consists of selected hydraulic components and controllers which were chosen from Sauer-Danfoss PLUS+1 package which is the system dedicated for mobile hydraulic control systems application. The hydraulic system has been equipped with extra valves, enabling to obtain of assumed functions.

scholarly journals Control efficiency improvement of an electro-hydraulic winch

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I.C. Duțu ◽  
C. Frățilă ◽  
T. Axinte ◽  
M.G. Munteanu ◽  
L. Calancea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Incompressible Euler

The paper presents a study regarding electro-hydraulic control systems for drive winches, a structural part of LARS (Launch and Recovery Systems). In the Introduction section of the paper, the authors present the domains of the research vessel. Furthermore, there is presented the importance of launch and recovery systems (LARS) and drive winches on the deck of a research vessel. The launch and recovery systems (LARS) using drive winches are installed on the stern of the research vessel. Further in the paper, the authors present the results of studying three simplified systems that use electric, hydraulic and electro-hydraulic driving solutions. Furthermore, there are presented comparative advantages of using this three types of drive winches. At the end of the paper, the authors perform an analysis of the electro-hydraulic systems for the drive winch, using a modelling and simulation software. Each schematic is presented along with its components. Moreover, the authors mention that all the schematics presented in this paper are modelled using FluidSim software from FESTO. In this case, only three mathematic relations are used in the paper: the Cauchy momentum (convective form), the incompressible Euler relations and the pressure losses in the hydraulic and electro-hydraulic drive winch.

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