Enhancing Hydrocarbon Production Through Thermal Gas Injection from a Retrograde as Condensate Reservoir in the Western Desert in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Alaa Taha ◽  
Eissa Shokier ◽  
Attia Attia ◽  
Aamer Yahia ◽  
Khaled Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Abstract In retrograde gas condensate reservoirs, condensate blockage is a major reservoir damage problem, where liquid is dropped-out of natural gas, below dew-point pressure. Despite that most of this liquid will not produce due to not reaching the critical saturation, natural gas will be blocked by the accumulated liquid and will also not produce. This work investigates the effects of gas injection (such as methane, carbon-dioxide, and nitrogen) and steam at high temperatures on one of the Egyptian retrograde gas condensate reservoirs. Several gas injection scenarios that comprise different combination of gas injection temperature, enthalpy, injection gas types (CO2, N2, and CH4), and injection-rates were carried out. The results indicated that all conventional and thermal gas injection scenarios do not increase the cumulative gas production more than the depletion case. The non-thermal gas injection scenarios increased the cumulative condensate production by 8.6%. However, thermal CO2 injection increased the condensate production cumulative by 28.9%. It was observed that thermal gas injection does not vaporize condensate It was observed that thermal gas injection does not vaporize condensate more than conventional injection that have the same reservoir pressure trend. However, thermal injection mainly improves the condensate mobility. Appropriately, thermal injection in retrograde reservoirs, is mostly applicable for depleted reservoirs when the largest amount of non-producible liquid is already dropped out. Finally, this research studied executing thermal gas injection in retrograde gas condensate reservoirs, operationally, by considering the following items: carbon dioxide recovery unit, compressors, storage-tanks, anti-corrosion pipe-lines and tubing-strings, and corrosion-inhibitors along with downhole gas heaters.

scholarly journals Carbon-Negative Scenarios in High CO2 Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5898
Author(s):  
Lucija Jukić ◽  
Domagoj Vulin ◽  
Valentina Kružić ◽  
Maja Arnaut
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs ◽  
Northern Croatia

A gas condensate reservoir in Northern Croatia was used as an example of a CO2 injection site during natural gas production to test whether the entire process is carbon-negative. To confirm this hypothesis, all three elements of the CO2 life cycle were included: (1) CO2 emitted by combustion of the produced gas from the start of production from the respective field, (2) CO2 that is separated at natural gas processing plant, i.e., the CO2 that was present in the original reservoir gas composition, and (3) the injected CO2 volumes. The selected reservoir is typical of gas-condensate reservoirs in Northern Croatia (and more generally in Drava Basin), as it contains about 50% CO2 (mole). Reservoir simulations of history-matched model showed base case (production without injection) and several cases of CO2 enhanced gas recovery, but with a focus on CO2 storage rather than maximizing hydrocarbon gas production achieved by converting a production well to a CO2 injection well. General findings are that even in gas reservoirs with such extreme initial CO2 content, gas production with CO2 injection can be carbon-negative. In almost all simulated CO2 injection scenarios, the process is carbon-negative from the time of CO2 injection, and in scenarios where CO2 injection begins earlier, it is carbon-negative from the start of gas production, which opens up the possibility of cost-effective storage of CO2 while producing natural gas with net negative CO2 emissions.

Case Study of Condensate Dropout Effect in Unconventional Gas/Condensate Reservoirs with Hydraulically Fractured Wells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Alsultan ◽  
Josef R. Shaoul ◽  
Jason Park ◽  
Pacelli L. J. Zitha
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Unconventional Gas ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs ◽  
Liquid Saturation ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Fracture Performance

Abstract Condensate banking is a major issue in the production operations of gas condensate reservoirs. Increase in liquid saturation in the near-wellbore zone due to pressure decline below dew point, decreases well deliverability and the produced condensate-gas ratio (CGR). This paper investigates the effects of condensate banking on the deliverability of hydraulically fractured wells producing from ultralow permeability (0.001 to 0.1 mD) gas condensate reservoirs. Cases where condensate dropout occurs over a large volume of the reservoir, not only near the fracture face, were examined by a detailed numerical reservoir simulation. A commercial compositional simulator with local grid refinement (LGR) around the fracture was used to quantify condensate dropout as a result of reservoir pressure decline and its impact on well productivity index (PI). The effects of gas production rate and reservoir permeability were investigated. Numerical simulation results showed a significant change in fluid compositions and relative permeability to gas over a large reservoir volume due to pressure decline during reservoir depletion. Results further illustrated the complications in understanding the PI evolution of hydraulically fractured wells in "unconventional" gas condensate reservoirs and illustrate how to correctly evaluate fracture performance in such a situation. The findings of our study and novel approach help to more accurately predict post-fracture performance. They provide a better understanding of the hydrocarbon phase change not only near the wellbore and fracture, but also deep in the reservoir, which is critical in unconventional gas condensate reservoirs. The optimization of both fracture spacing in horizontal wells and well spacing for vertical well developments can be achieved by improving the ability of production engineers to generate more realistic predictions of gas and condensate production over time.

scholarly journals Effects of the rate of natural gas production on the recovery factor during carbon dioxide injection at the initial gas-water contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3(57)) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Serhii Matkivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Gas Recovery

The object of research is gas condensate reservoirs, which is being developed under the conditions of the manifestation of the water drive of development and the negative effect of formation water on the process of natural gas production. The results of the performed theoretical and experimental studies show that a promising direction for increasing hydrocarbon recovery from fields at the final stage of development is the displacement of natural gas to producing wells by injection non-hydrocarbon gases into productive reservoirs. The final gas recovery factor according to the results of laboratory studies in the case of injection of non-hydrocarbon gases into productive reservoirs depends on the type of displacing agent and the level heterogeneity of reservoir. With the purpose update the existing technologies for the development of fields in conditions of the showing of water drive, the technology of injection carbon dioxide into productive reservoirs at the boundary of the gas-water contact was studied using a digital three-dimensional model of a gas condensate deposit. The study was carried out for various values of the rate of natural gas production. The production well rate for calculations is taken at the level of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 thousand m3/day. Based on the data obtained, it has been established that an increase in the rate of natural gas production has a positive effect on the development of a productive reservoir and leads to an increase in the gas recovery factor. Based on the results of statistical processing of the calculated data, the optimal value of the rate of natural gas production was determined when carbon dioxide is injected into the productive reservoir at the boundary of the gas-water contact is 55.93 thousand m3/day. The final gas recovery factor for the optimal natural gas production rate is 64.99 %. The results of the studies carried out indicate the technological efficiency of injecting carbon dioxide into productive reservoirs at the boundary of the gas-water contact in order to slow down the movement of formation water into productive reservoirs and increase the final gas recovery factor.

scholarly journals Aspects of protection against carbon dioxide corrosion of gas production facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 02013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zapevalov ◽  
Ruslan Vagapov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Production Facilities

The modern stage of development of many onshore and offshore gas and gas condensate fields is associated with objects in which carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is present in the production. The presence of CO2 in the produced gas in combination with other factors stimulates the intensive development of corrosion processes, which requires careful and reasonable attitude both to assess the degree of aggressiveness of the media and to choose technical solutions to ensure reliable and safe operation of hydrocarbon production facilities. The authors analyzed the existing approaches to the assessment of the danger of corrosion produced media, selection and implementation of protection against corrosion in the presence in them of aggressive CO2.

scholarly journals Investigation of the influence of the carbon dioxide (CO2) injection rate on the activity of the water pressure system during gas condensate fields development

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Serhii Matkivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Kondrat ◽  
Oleksandr Burachok
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Water Contact

The development of gas condensate fields under the conditions of elastic water drive is characterized by uneven movement of the gas-water. Factors of hydrocarbon recovery from producing reservoirs which are characterized by the active water pressure drive on the average make up 50-60%. To increase the efficiency of fields development, which are characterized by an elastic water drive, a study of the effect of different volumes of carbon dioxide injection at the gas-water contact on the activity of the water pressure system and the process of flooding producing wells was carried out. Using a three-dimensional model, the injection of carbon dioxide into wells located at the boundary of gas-water contact with flow rates from 20 to 500 thousand m3/day was investigated. Analyzing the simulation data, it was found that increasing the volume of carbon dioxide injection provides an increase in accumulated gas production and a significant reduction in water production. The main effect of the introduction of this technology is achieved by increasing the rate of carbon dioxide injection to 300 thousand m3/day. The set injection rates allowed us to increase gas production by 67% and reduce water production by 83.9% compared to the corresponding indicators without injection of carbon dioxide. Taking into account above- mentioned, the final decision on the introduction of carbon dioxide injection technology and optimal technological parameters of producing and injection wells operation should be made on the basis of a comprehensive technical and economic analysis using modern methods of the hydrodynamic modeling of reservoir systems.

scholarly journals Enhanced Gas and Condensate Recovery: Review of Published Pilot and Commercial Projects

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Burachok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

The majority of the Ukrainian gas condensate fields are in the final stage of development. The high level of reservoir energy depletion has caused significant in situ losses of condensed hydrocarbons. Improving and increasing hydrocarbon production is of great importance to the energy independence of Ukraine. In this paper, a review of the pilot and commercial enhanced gas and condensate recovery (EGR) projects was performed, based on published papers and literature sources, in order to identify those projects which could potentially be applied to the reservoir conditions of Ukrainian gas condensate fields. The EGR methods included the injection of dry gas (methane), hydrocarbon solvents (gas enriched with C2–C4 components), or nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The most commonly used and proven method is dry gas injection, which can be applied at any stage of the field’s development. Dry gas and intra-well cycling was done on five Ukrainian reservoirs, but because of the need to block significant volumes of sales gas they are not being considered for commercial application. Nitrogen has a number of significant advantages, but the fact that it increases the dew point pressure makes it applicable only at the early stage, when the reservoir pressure is above or near the dew point. Carbon dioxide is actively used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or for geological storage in depleted gas reservoirs. In light of the growing need to reduce carbon footprints, CO2 capture and sequestration is becoming very favourable, especially due to the low multi-contact miscibility pressure, the high density under reservoir conditions, and the good miscibility with formation water. All of these factors make it a good candidate for depleted gas condensate reservoirs.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis and economic optimization studies of inverted five-spot gas cycling in gas condensate reservoir

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Shams ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Gas Cycling

AbstractGas condensate reservoirs usually exhibit complex flow behaviors because of propagation response of pressure drop from the wellbore into the reservoir. When reservoir pressure drops below the dew point in two phase flow of gas and condensate, the accumulation of large condensate amount occurs in the gas condensate reservoirs. Usually, the saturation of condensate accumulation in volumetric gas condensate reservoirs is lower than the critical condensate saturation that causes trapping of large amount of condensate in reservoir pores. Trapped condensate often is lost due to condensate accumulation-condensate blockage courtesy of high molecular weight, heavy condensate residue. Recovering lost condensate most economically and optimally has always been a challenging goal. Thus, gas cycling is applied to alleviate such a drastic loss in resources.In gas injection, the flooding pattern, injection timing and injection duration are key parameters to study an efficient EOR scenario in order to recover lost condensate. This work contains sensitivity analysis on different parameters to generate an accurate investigation about the effects on performance of different injection scenarios in homogeneous gas condensate system. In this paper, starting time of gas cycling and injection period are the parameters used to influence condensate recovery of a five-spot well pattern which has an injection pressure constraint of 3000 psi and production wells are constraint at 500 psi min. BHP. Starting injection times of 1 month, 4 months and 9 months after natural depletion areapplied in the first study. The second study is conducted by varying injection duration. Three durations are selected: 100 days, 400 days and 900 days.In miscible gas injection, miscibility and vaporization of condensate by injected gas is more efficient mechanism for condensate recovery. From this study, it is proven that the application of gas cycling on five-spot well pattern greatly enhances condensate recovery preventing financial, economic and resource loss that previously occurred.

scholarly journals Wettability Alteration of Sandstone by Chemical Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-ling Wang ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Bao-jun Bai ◽  
Guan-cheng Jiang ◽  
Jia-feng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs ◽  
Chemical Treatments

Liquid condensation in the reservoir near a wellbore may kill gas production in gas-condensate reservoirs when pressure drops lower than the dew point. It is clear from investigations reported in the literature that gas production could be improved by altering the rock wettability from liquid-wetness to gas-wetness. In this paper, three different fluorosurfactants FG1105, FC911, and FG40 were evaluated for altering the wettability of sandstone rocks from liquid-wetting to gas-wetting using contact angle measurement. The results showed that FG40 provided the best wettability alteration effect with a concentration of 0.3% and FC911 at the concentration of 0.3%.

scholarly journals Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjed M. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A. Mahmoud ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Majed ◽  
Dhafer Al-Shehri ◽  
Ayman R. Al-Nakhli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Gas Condensate Reservoirs ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoir ◽  
The Impact

Unconventional reservoirs have shown tremendous potential for energy supply for long-term applications. However, great challenges are associated with hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs. Recently, injection of thermochemical fluids has been introduced as a new environmentally friendly and cost-effective chemical for improving hydrocarbon production. This research aims to improve gas production from gas condensate reservoirs using environmentally friendly chemicals. Further, the impact of thermochemical treatment on changing the pore size distribution is studied. Several experiments were conducted, including chemical injection, routine core analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The impact of thermochemical treatment in sustaining gas production from a tight gas reservoir was quantified. This study demonstrates that thermochemical treatment can create different types of fractures (single or multistaged fractures) based on the injection method. Thermochemical treatment can increase absolute permeability up to 500%, reduce capillary pressure by 57%, remove the accumulated liquids, and improve gas relative permeability by a factor of 1.2. The findings of this study can help to design a better thermochemical treatment for improving gas recovery. This study showed that thermochemical treatment is an effective method for sustaining gas production from tight gas reservoirs.

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