Successfully Abandoning Wells with Extreme Corrosive Environment Using Mechanical Aids – A Case Study from South Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Felipe Campana Barbosa ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Devesh Bhaisora
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Tool Selection ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Cement Plug ◽  
Southern Iraq

Abstract Well abandonment under a corrosive environment is often unpredictable and challenging, especially if the zone exhibits irregular wellbore geometry due to severe corrosion. These situations not only increase associated risks, but also greatly increase the abandonment cost for workover operation. This paper presents a successful application of a mechanical aid to replace a firm base using bridge plug or viscous pill base to abandon a well in the province of Basra in Southern Iraq. Numerous wells in Southern Iraq have compromised casing integrity due to sulphureous water flow from Umm Er-Radhuma / Tayarat formations, making their abandonment imperative. Due to unpredictable corrosion inside the casing, setting any type of mechanical bridge plug was a laborious operation, because the operator must run multiple logs to confirm the casing integrity and might not get the required casing integrity at the desired abandonment depth. Setting up a viscous pill was a challenge in the well environment, and in absence of a firm base it was highly probable that the cement plug would slump. Looking at multiple options to ensure the successful plug setting operation on the first attempt, it was decided to use a suitable mechanical aid, as a firm base to prevent the slumping motion of the fluids that were pumped to isolate sensitive zones. The unique foldable and adjustable parasol construction of the tool enabled it to be pumped through small diameter tubing avoiding any sticking, and it was a critical parameter for tool selection process. This paper summarizes the first-successful well abandonment using such a tool in the province of Basra in 7-in. casing and 9 5/8-in. casing. The logging tool was not able to detect one section of 9 5/8-in casing, which was presumably completely corroded. The first attempt to isolate it using a polymer system was not successful, since the fluid flowed to different leaks in the outer casing. The parted 7-in. casing made it impossible to identify the depth of lower leaks. Then a plan to utilize the mechanical aid was presented and subsequently approved. Tool was dropped and set above the top of 7-in. casing and gave support to the first cement plug to abandon the well, significantly reducing the time and cost of abandonment of the well by reducing repeated plug jobs. The use of the mechanical aid as a primary option to set plugs for abandonment purposes in corrosive environments has resulted in a great success by reducing non-productive time and enhancing zonal isolation results. Similar usages around the world will help in reducing workover operation economics where integrity of the casings is questionable.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Reinforcement Rust in Cement under Corrosive Environment

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Xiaozhen Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jianmin Wang ◽  
Junzhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Passivation Film ◽  
Chloride Environment ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Structural Layer

In this work, the microstructure characteristics of corrosion products of reinforcement under a corrosive environment with chloride, carbonation and the combination of chloride-carbonization were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the outside of the passivation film reacts with the cement slurry to produce Fe–SiO4 in all three corrosive environments. The inner side is not completely corroded. The morphology of the corrosion is different in the three environments. In a chloride environment, corrosion products have obvious cracks, and the local layered structure is dense. In a carbonation environment, the surface of the steel corrosion shows a uniform granular structure and loose texture. With the combination of chloride and combination, the surface of the structural layer of steel corrosion was uneven and accompanied by protrusions, cracking and spalling occurred. The composition of the corrosion substances in the three corrosion environments are mainly composed of FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and Fe–SiO4. The content of iron oxide increases from a chloride salt, carbonization to the composite environment, indicating that the corrosion degree intensifies successively.

Influence of Corrosive Environment on Changes of the ZnAl40Cu3 Upper Alloy Layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Structural Examination ◽  
Unmodified Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Zn-Al alloys are used mainly because of their tribological properties as a material alternative to bronze, cast iron and aluminum alloys in bearings, and as a structural material. Improved properties of Zn-Al alloys can be obtained by the addition of copper , silicon and using of heat treatment. Tribological properties of alloys of the Zn-Al-Cu alloys, their structure has been well described in the literature. Far less are, however, studies on the effect of corrosive environments on the structure of the surface layer of the alloy. The purpose of this examination was to determine the effect of corrosive environment on the surface layer of the ZnAl22Cu3 alloy. Subject of examination was the unmodified alloy containing 40% Al mass. and 3%. Cu (Zn - remain). The tested alloy was subject of the following operations: soaking at the temperature of 185°C during 10 hours with cooling in water, soaking at the temperature of 380°C during 10 hours with cooling in water and soaking at the temperature of 380°C w during10 hours with subsequent soaking at the temperature of 170°C with cooling in water. Subject of tests structural examination were samples after potentiostatic tests carried out at potential E = 300 mV Ekor in 24 hours in an acid rain, pH = 3.5. In order to determine the microstructure of the examined coatings metallographic examinations were performed using optical and scanning microscope cooperating with EDS X-ray spectrometer. Quantitative analysis of the selected characteristic microareas determined from X-ray spectral analysis EDX.

Design of the CNC Milling Tool Selection System

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Xiu Lin Sui ◽  
Na Hu ◽  
Chun Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Tool Selection ◽  
Milling Tool ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Inference Strategy ◽  
Reasoning Mechanism

Knowledge base of milling feature machining based on relational database is proposed, using knowledge representation of production rules, according to the characteristics of feature machining knowledge. Tool selected reasoning mechanism and reasoning processes is presented basing the installed CNC milling tool database , and further reasoning is based on knowledge, milling tool selection method is implemented based on feature machining knowledge using the forward direction inference strategy .In the paper, a complete system of the selecting milling cutter is established. The system connects not only the theoretical knowledge but the expert’s experiences with the computer applications in order to provide a base of realizing the automatic mechanical processing. By the example of machining tool selection for complex surface, the selection process is described, and the system can select the tools to meet the processing requirements within a shot time, and has good versatility.

scholarly journals Influence of Chemical Corrosive Environment with H2S on Drill Strings, Experimental Researches

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Mihaela Madalina Caltaru ◽  
Marius Badicioiu ◽  
Alin Dinita ◽  
Dragos Gabriel Zisopol ◽  
Razvan George Ripeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Drill Pipes ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Diffusion Of Hydrogen

The present researches established the failure causes of the drill string, used in corrosive environments with H2S, in an oil field, by initiating fatigue cracks from the corrosion points on the inner surface of the drill pipes, which favoured the diffusion of hydrogen, the brittleness of the material and the brittle fracture.

scholarly journals Selected Papers from SCIS & ISIS 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Sadaaki Miyamoto ◽  
◽  
Seiji Yasunobu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Conference Presentations

Much work has been done recently in soft computing, reflecting the growing, widespread interest in the emerging theory and technological development in this field. Soft computing has also been the subject of a number of new scientific conferences and symposiums, including the Joint 1st International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS) at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology at Tsukuba on October 21–25, 2002. The first and second ISIS were held in Korea, and the joint conference has become internationally recognized. The conference at Tsukuba featured over 200 papers and discussions and information exchange by over 250 participants interested in state–of–the–art soft computing. The 20 papers in this special issue were selected from 209 of these conference presentations. In the selection process, guest editors first requested recommendation of papers to session chairs and organizers. From the resulting list, we asked if they could submit their papers. Submitted papers were reviewed as usual for this journal based on the JACIII standard, resulting in the acceptance of these 20. Most papers have been rewritten and updated, and we are proud of their high quality–a reflection of the SCIS & ISIS conference review process. Papers come from different areas: two focus on theory, including modal logic. Several study fuzzy control. Still others deal with different aspects of robotics. They also cover data analysis, image analysis, knowledge analysis, and language studies involving soft computing. This issue thus provides a concise summary of state–of–the–art soft computing methodologies. We thank the referees for their untiring efforts to complete reviews within the limited time given. We also thank Professor Kaoru Hirota and Professor Toshio Fukuda, editors–in–chief of this journal, for their kind invitation to this special issue. Professor Hirota, who is also the International Advisory Board Chair, and Dr. Takanori Shibata, the General Chair, are largely responsible for the great success of the SCIS & ISIS 2003 conference, where Guest Editor Miyamoto served the Program Chair and Yasunobu served the Special Sessions Chair. The results of their work are thus reflected in this issue. In closing, we also thank the staff at Fuji Technology Press for its on going assistance.

Fatigue of structural materials in corrosive environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
G.V. Pachurin ◽  
A. A. Filippov ◽  
D. A. Goncharova ◽  
A.N. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Deflection Curve ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Selection Of

The factors influencing the fatigue failure of metals and alloys are investigated. To increase the resource and reliability of products made of metals and alloys, taking into account their operation conditions and the presence of a corrosive environment, when justifying the selection of a structural material, it is proposed to take into account its deflection curve under cyclic loading. Keywords: structural material, corrosive environment, fatigue resistance, fatigue cracks, deflection curve, cyclic loading, durability. [email protected]

Optimising Automatic Tool Selection for 2½D Components

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lim ◽  
J. Corney ◽  
J. M. Ritchie ◽  
D. E. R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Tool Selection ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Automatic Tool

Abstract An important step in planning the manufacture of a component by CNC machining is the selection of cutting tools. Although it has long been known that the choice of cutter sizes can have a dramatic effect on the overall machining time, few algorithms for optimisation have been available to the production engineer. This paper describes a method for determining a theoretical optimal combination of cutting tools for machining a given set of 3D volumes or 2D profiles. The algorithm considers residual material left behind by oversized cutters and the relative clearance rates of cutters that can access the selected machining features. The current implementation of the procedure described does not give exact results because several machining parameters are not included in the selection process such as tool path length, plunge rates, etc. However, the experimental results suggest that while these factors may make changes to the absolute values calculated, they typically make only a small difference to the relative ranking of the tools. The results presented here suggest that the correct combination of tools could reduce machining times by significant amounts. Consequently the paper concludes with a discussion of how the tool path generation routines used in commercial CAM systems could be modified to achieve this.

scholarly journals Integrated Field and Office Tools for Bridge Management

2005 ◽  
Vol 1933 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Adams ◽  
Emil Juni ◽  
Mohsin Khalid Siddiqui ◽  
James E. Dzienkowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Tool Selection ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Wisconsin Department ◽  
Alternative Field

The Wisconsin Department of Transportation's (WisDOT) Bureau of Structures Data Consolidation Project brings together all bridge-related data into a single data warehouse, the Highway Structures Information System (HSIS), which includes inventory, inspection and maintenance records, and maintenance costs. With the new HSIS, WisDOT's interactive bridge inspection forms and data procedures became incompatible. This conflict presented a timely opportunity to investigate alternative data collection tools that would be practicable in the field. This paper investigates the use of alternative field data collection technologies for bridge inspectors. The participation of bridge inspectors in identifying functional requirements led to an assembly of field tools that included the tablet PC with a shoulder carrying case, a noise-canceling headset microphone, and a tethered pen. Bridge inspectors from six districts volunteered to train on the handwriting and speech recognition technologies and then to test the tools in the field. This paper presents the tool selection process, the technology choices assessed, the training of inspectors, the evaluation of the technology adoption, and the economic benefits of the new technology.

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