Delivering Automated Reservoir Management with Birth of the First Ever Universal Inflow Control System UICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Killie ◽  
Grant J. Paterson ◽  
Thorleif Lager
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Viscosity Contrast ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Light Oil

Abstract Conventional ICDs were invented for long horizontal wells to promote a more uniform inflow profile. Later, AICDs were developed, which utilize viscosity contrast between fluids to impose a larger hydraulic resistance in sections with inflow of undesired fluids, like gas and water. However, these AICD technologies cannot be used to choke back inflow of water in reservoirs where oil and water have similar viscosities, and they also tend to impose large pressure drops even for single-phase oil at high flow rates. The objective of the work presented here has therefore been to develop an inflow control technology that removes these limitations. The resulting Density Activated Recovery (DAR™) technology utilizes difference in fluid density rather than viscosity contrast to control fluids downhole. It is a fully autonomous, binary system that is either fully open or closed, where "closed" means that it only allows a small pilot flow. More specifically, it can be considered a "dual ICD" with flow through a large port when open, and a small port when "closed". The flow capacity and choking efficiency are therefore fully defined by the diameters of these two ports. Furthermore, it can close and reopen at any pre-determined water and gas fractions, that are completely insensitive to flow rate, viscosity and Reynolds number. This makes it universally applicable to control any wellbore fluid along the entire reservoir section. After successful prototype testing in 2018, the DAR technology has now undergone a comprehensive full-scale system-qualification program including a final flow performance test where the system was tested at 240 bar and 90ºC with saturated 0.8 cP oil. The tests demonstrated up to seven times higher flow capacity with the density-based DAR technology compared with viscosity-dependent AICD technologies. The system successfully and repeatedly closed and reopened for both gas and water. As oil and water had similar viscosities, the tests also proved how this technology can be used to stop undesired inflow of water in light-oil reservoirs. Being insensitive to flow rate, the DAR system is also insensitive to local variations in pressure and productivity along the reservoir section, which reduces the negative consequences of geological uncertainty and allows the same design to be used at every location in the well. It can also be configured to ensure complete mud removal during well cleanup and can even stop inflow of water in gas wells, where the undesired fluid has higher viscosity than the desired fluid. More importantly, this technology can deliver automated reservoir management to a level where it influences how wells are drilled and fields are developed. Accelerated oil production and the reduced need for reinjection of gas/water will also reduce the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions considerably.

The effect of root geometry on the yield of wheat growing on stored water

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Root Resistance

It is suggested that, when wheat is growing predominantly on stored water, it is an advantage for the plants to have root systems of high hydraulic resistance, so that they will conserve water during early growth and thus have more water available while filling their grain. This paper describes pot experiments in which, with wheat growing entirely on stored water, an attempt was made to increase the resistance of the roots by forcing plants to rely entirely on one seminal root. The treatment was successful in that single-rooted plants did use substantially less water before anthesis than did normal plants, and they produced substantially greater grain yields. The conservation of water by the single-rooted plants appeared to be due to their having extraordinarily large pressure drops in the root xylem: calculations showed that the flow rate in the xylem reached 800 mm sec-1 with a concomitant pressure gradient greater than 0.1 bar mm-1. The corresponding values in the normal plants were much less, although still surprisingly high (250 mm sec-1 ; 0.03 bar mm-1). The xylem of the seminal roots is dominated by one large vessel whose diameter probably determines the hydraulic resistance. It may be possible to breed high root resistance into existing cultivars by breeding for smaller vessels.

scholarly journals Climate Inaction in Business Management: An Exploratory Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Alan F. Rodriguez-Jasso ◽  
Arturo Briseno ◽  
Ana L. Zorrilla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Business And Management

Climate change is considered as one of the major threats for the international community due to its negative consequences in the financial, social, and environmental issues. Companies, who are considered as an essential element in the mitigation process, have exerted corporate inactivity to address climate change that has led to the increment of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing to climate change over the last decade. The objective of this review is to explore, summarize, and analyze the state of knowledge in the business and management literature about climate inaction that guides future researches to diminish this corporate inactivity, enhancing the practices aimed to reduce such emissions. The review was developed through the narrative method in order to acquire a broad perspective of the phenomenon through the examination of 24 articles from the Web of Science from 1998 to 2018. Our findings indicate that climate inaction is nascent and fragmented literature where the company is identified as one of the main actors, being this approach developed from different perspectives that guide to decrease such corporate inactivity, and motivating the corporate action. The inclusion of the concept of climate inaction might lead to an understanding of the mechanisms for climate mitigation, providing a guide for future research in the field of environmental performance.

Dynamics Features and Hazard of the Debris Flow in Sewanzu Gully in Heishui County of Sichuan Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 509-512
Author(s):  
Shuang Huang ◽  
Jian Ping Chen ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Sichuan Earthquake ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Density Flow ◽  
Basic Features

The debris flow in Sewanzu gully was located in Heishui county of Sichuan province, which was 5.12 Wenchuan of sichuan earthquake severely disaster. It was large and very likely outbreak, which not only had posed a serious threat to the lives and properties of people, but also affected the reconstruction work going on smoothly. According to the basic features of the valley and the debris flow, the dynamic parameters,such as bulk density,flow rate,flow capacity and sediment flush-out were calculated.And then the hazard of the debris flow was evaluated quantitatively. The results could provide the basis for the governance and disaster prevention and mitigation of the debris flow gully.

An experimental performance comparison of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids on a centrifugal blood pump

2022 ◽  
pp. 095441192110576
Author(s):  
Ahmet Onder ◽  
Rafet Yapici ◽  
Omer Incebay
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Centrifugal Blood Pump ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Pump Performance

The use of substitute fluid with similar rheological properties instead of blood is important due to ethical concerns and high blood volume consumption in pump performance test before clinical applications. The performance of a centrifugal blood pump with hydrodynamic journal bearing is experimentally tested using Newtonian 40% aqueous glycerin solution (GS) and non-Newtonian aqueous xanthan gum solution of 600 ppm (XGS) as working fluids. Experiments are performed at four different rotational speeds which are 2700, 3000, 3300, and 3600 rpm; experiments using GS reach between 8.5% and 37.2% higher head curve than experiments using the XGS for every rotational speed. It was observed that as the rotational speed and flow rate increase, the head curve difference between GS and XGS decreases. This result can be attributed to the friction reduction effect when using XGS in experiments at high rotation speed and high flow rate. Moreover, due to different fluid viscosities, differences in hydraulic efficiency were observed for both fluids. This study reveals that the use of Newtonian fluids as working fluids is not sufficient to determine the actual performance of a blood pump, and the performance effects of non-Newtonian fluids are remarkably important in pump performance optimizations.

Teasing Insight Out of Reams of Data using Advanced Data Visualization and Analytics Software for Improved Reservoir Management, Rokan Light Oil, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richie Ringga Fatra ◽  
Eric A. Flodin ◽  
Cahyo Bawono ◽  
M. Ichsan Arshanda ◽  
Ferrick Rivano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Light Oil

Numerical Simulation of Cavitating Flow in a Globe Valve: Comparison of OpenFoam and CFX

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodriguez Calvete ◽  
Anne Gosset ◽  
Daniel Pierrat ◽  
Anthony Couzinet
Keyword(s):  
Cavitating Flows ◽  
Cavitation Model ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
Service Control ◽  
Globe Valve ◽  
Subsequent Modification

The efficiency of control valves operating with liquids is highly conditioned by the occurrence of cavitation when they undergo large pressure drops. For severe service control valves, the subsequent modification of their performance can be crucial for the safety of an installation. In this work, two CFD codes, OpenFoam [1] and Ansys-CFX, are used to characterize the flow in a globe valve, with the objective to compare their capabilities in solving cavitating flows in complex 3D geometries. In both codes, an Homogeneous Equilibrium approach is adopted, and phase change is modeled with a similar cavitation model. It is found that both solvers predict correctly the location of vapor cavities, but tend to underestimate their extension. The flow rate is correctly calculated, but in strong cavitating regimes, it is affected by the underprediction of vapor cavities. The force acting on the stem is found to be more sensitive to the computation parameters.

An Experimental Procedure for Determining Both the Density and Flow Rate From Pressure Drop Measurements in a Cylindrical Pipe

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Michaux ◽  
Olivier Vauquelin ◽  
Elsa Gauger
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Cylindrical Pipe ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Pressure Drops

An experimental procedure was developed for determining both the density and flow rate of a gas from measurements of pressure drops caused by an abrupt flow area contraction in a cylindrical pipe. Experiments were carried out by varying the density and flow rate of a light gas mixture of air and helium, spanning a Reynolds number range from 0.2×104 to 3.4×104. From experimental results, a procedure was then proposed for evaluating the density from pressure change measurements in the scope of light gas extraction experiments.

Frequency Dependent Ion Rejection Properties of Active Nanoporous Membranes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu-Baba Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Ion Rejection ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Neck Diameter

Selective rejection of dissolved salts in water is achieved by large pressure gradient driven flows through tortuous structures and cylindrical nanopores. The flow rate through the membrane is dependent on the area of the membrane and pressure gradient that can be sustained by the membrane. The electrical power required for generating large pressure gradients increases the operational cost for desalination units and limits application of contemporary technologies in a wide variety of applications. Due to this limitation, small scale operation of these desalination systems is not economical and portable. Further, recently proposed desalination systems using carbon nanotubes and nanofluidic diodes have limited lifetime due to clogging and fouling from contaminants in feed water. In order to develop a desalination system that is not limited by cost, scale of operation and application, an active nanopore membrane that uses multiphysics interactions in a surface-functionalized hyperboloidal nanopore is developed. An active nanopore is a shape-changing hyperboloidal pore that is formed in a rugged electroactive composite membrane and utilizes coupled electrostatic, hydrodynamic and mechanical interactions due to reversible mechanical oscillations between the charged pore walls and dissolved ions in water for desalination. This novel approach takes advantage of the shape of the pore to create a pumping action in the hyperboloidal channel to selectively transport water molecules. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this novel concept for water desalination, the paper will use a theoretical model to model the ion rejection properties and flow rate of purified water through an active nanoporous membrane. This article examines the effect of the geometry of the nanopore and frequency of operation to reject dissolved ions in water through a multiphysics model. It is estimated that the neck diameter of the active nanopores is the most dominant geometrical feature for achieving ion rejection, and the flux linearly increases with the frequency of operation (between 2–50Hz). The threshold neck diameter of the nanopore required for achieving rejection from multiphysics simulation is observed to be 100nm. The flux through the membrane decreases significantly with decreasing diameter and becomes negligible at 10nm effective neck diameter.

Investigation on the modeling and dynamic characteristics of a fast-response and large-flow water hydraulic proportional cartridge valve

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (22) ◽  
pp. 4415-4432
Author(s):  
Mingxing Han ◽  
Yinshui Liu ◽  
Kan Zheng ◽  
Youchun Ding ◽  
Defa Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Large Flow

In large-power and high-pressure hydraulic systems, the maximum instantaneous flow rate is often several thousand liters per minute. Normal proportional valves are often difficult to meet their requirements for large flow rate and fast response at the same time. And the leakage of hydraulic oil will seriously pollute the environment. Therefore, a novel water hydraulic proportional valve with fast response and high flow capacity is presented for the large transient power hydraulic system in this paper. The valve utilizes a two-stage structure with two 2/2-way water hydraulic proportional valves as the pilot stage and a cartridge poppet valve as the main stage to achieve fast-response and large-flow capacity simultaneously. A detailed and precise nonlinear mathematical model of the valve considering both structural parameters and flow force is developed. A comprehensive performance optimization has been carried out, which can be mainly divided into computational fluid dynamics simulation optimization based on reducing flow force and multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithm. The effects of double U-grooves' parameters on the flow force (flow-induced loads) have been studied in detail by numerical simulation. Through the grooves geometry optimization, the maximum flow force can be reduced by 10%. Then, the influences of structure parameters on the performance of step response have been studied, and the optimal parameters of the valve have been obtained by multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithm. The maximum overshoot has been reduced from 15% to 6% (about 60%) and the adjusting time has been reduced from 58 ms to 48 ms. The dynamic characteristics of the valve have been improved effectively. Finally, a test apparatus which has the ability to provide transient large flow is built. The accuracy of simulation model and optimization design method is verified by test results.

Site of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction studied with arterial and venous occlusion

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Hakim ◽  
R. P. Michel ◽  
H. Minami ◽  
H. K. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Vasoactive Drugs ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Hypoxic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Occlusion Technique

We applied the arterial and venous occlusion technique in an in situ, isolated left lower lobe preparation of a dog lung to compare the effects of hypoxia with the effects of airway pressure elevation, and the infusion of serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine. The total arteriovenous pressure drop across the lobe was partitioned longitudinally into pressure drops across the relatively indistensible arteries (delta Pa) and veins (delta Pv) and across the middle distensible vessels (delta Pm). Hypoxia increased primarily delta Pm, as did elevation of airway pressure, whereas the vasoactive drugs increased either delta Pa or delta Pv. The increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) caused by hypoxia and by elevation of airway pressure were independent of blood flow rate, but increases in Pa induced by the vasoactive drugs were dependent on flow rate. We conclude that in the dog hypoxia acts primarily on small distensible vessels, whereas pulmonary vasoactive drugs constrict the relatively indistensible arteries and veins. It is possible that the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia did not involve smooth muscle contraction.

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