Towards 1 Million Barrels Oil Per Day in 2030: Visual Analytics for Artificial Lift Performance Optimization in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rocky Falach ◽  
Ageng Warasta ◽  
Alfandra Ihsan ◽  
Amalia Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Heri Safrizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Evaluation Time

Abstract One of the strategies to achieve Indonesia's main goal to produce one million barrels oil per day in 2030 is to maintain existing production volume. The key of maintain the existing production is to optimize artificial lift performance used in oil wells, because 96% of oil wells in Indonesia had installed artificial lifts and their performance will significantly affect the production decline rate. This approach aims to create a simple data visualization from macro perspective, to evaluate the artificial lift performance of all oil wells in Indonesia and to find a solution to optimize their performance. This method is started by collecting the main parameters that describes the artificial lift performance such as artificial lift type, historical run life, historical operating cost, production rate, reservoir depth, type of fluid as well as additional issues from each field in Indonesia. After the data is gathered, the next step is to cluster the usage of various artificial lifts in Indonesia, which have similarities such as area, crude type, depth, rate, and operational problems, in terms of comparison between the optimum case and non-optimum one. Finally, from the non-optimum one, it will be evaluated on more detailed programs for further optimization. This evaluation process is carried out by visualizing all the data gathered using some informative dashboards. The digitalization is expected to help the improvement of evaluation time and to support decision processes. By implementing this method, several success cases were demonstrated in 2020, like optimizing Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) component in one of the fields in Sumatra, with the gain around 120 BOPD, Gas lift and SRP to Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) conversion in one of the fields in Kalimantan with 160 BOPD production outcome, switching normal ESP rate to lower rate ESP which resulted from double run life compared with the previous one, and also conversion from SRP to HPU that can extend its run life, while creating cost efficiency. From those results, it shows the benefit of the dashboards created for artificial lift optimization, especially from Government point of view. Furthermore, there are around 50 wells that will be evaluated in detail for optimization program. The visual analytics of the dashboards, for example, will help the evaluation process all at once providing positive impacts on artificial lift optimalization program. In the future, we hope that these dashboards could be developed further, by combining the implementation of machine learning, like fuzzy logic methods or neural network, to enhance the operator performance and to improve production efficiency toward the achievement of one million barrels oil per day in 2030.

Rich-Gas Condensate Huff and Puff Process in High-Volume, Watered-Out, and Highly Viscous Heavy Oil Wells, Case Study in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Tang ◽  
Ruifeng Wang ◽  
Zhongliang Cheng ◽  
Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Foamy Oil ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Water Coning ◽  
The Dead

Abstract Halfaya field in Iraq contains multiple vertically stacked oil and gas accumulations. The major oil horizons at depth of over 10,000 ft are under primary development. The main technical challenges include downdip heavy oil wells (as low as 14.56 °API) became watered-out and ceased flow due to depleted formation pressure. Heavy crude, with surface viscosities of above 10,000 cp, was too viscous to lift inefficiently. The operator applied high-pressure rich-gas/condensate to re-pressurize the dead wells and resumed production. The technical highlights are below: Laboratory studies confirmed that after condensate (45-52ºAPI) mixed with heavy oil, blended oil viscosity can cut by up to 90%; foamy oil formed to ease its flow to the surface during huff-n-puff process.In-situ gas/condensate injection and gas/condensate-lift can be applied in oil wells penetrating both upper high-pressure rich-gas/condensate zones and lower oil zones. High-pressure gas/condensate injected the oil zone, soaked, and then oil flowed from the annulus to allow large-volume well stream flow with minimal pressure drop. Gas/condensate from upper zones can lift the well stream, without additional artificial lift installation.Injection pressure and gas/condensate rate were optimized through optimal perforation interval and shot density to develop more condensate, e.g. initial condensate rate of 1,000 BOPD, for dilution of heavy oil.For multilateral wells, with several drain holes placed toward the bottom of producing interval, operating under gravity drainage or water coning, if longer injection and soaking process (e.g., 2 to 4 weeks), is adopted to broaden the diluted zone in heavy oil horizon, then additional recovery under better gravity-stabilized vertical (downward) drive and limited water coning can be achieved. Field data illustrate that this process can revive the dead wells, well production achieved approximately 3,000 BOPD under flowing wellhead pressure of 800 to 900 psig, with oil gain of over 3-fold compared with previous oil rate; water cut reduction from 30% to zero; better blended oil quality handled to medium crude; and saving artificial-lift cost. This process may be widely applied in the similar hydrocarbon reservoirs as a cost-effective technology in Middle East.

A Superior Shale Oil EOR Method for the Permian Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Downey ◽  
Kiran Venepalli ◽  
Jim Erdle ◽  
Morgan Whitelock
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Reservoir Simulation ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Artificial Lift

Abstract The Permian Basin of west Texas is the largest and most prolific shale oil producing basin in the United States. Oil production from horizontal shale oil wells in the Permian Basin has grown from 5,000 BOPD in February, 2009 to 3.5 Million BOPD as of October, 2020, with 29,000 horizontal shale oil wells in production. The primary target for this horizontal shale oil development is the Wolfcamp shale. Oil production from these wells is characterized by high initial rates and steep declines. A few producers have begun testing EOR processes, specifically natural gas cyclic injection, or "Huff and Puff", with little information provided to date. Our objective is to introduce a novel EOR process that can greatly increase the production and recovery of oil from shale oil reservoirs, while reducing the cost per barrel of recovered oil. A superior shale oil EOR method is proposed that utilizes a triplex pump to inject a solvent liquid into the shale oil reservoir, and an efficient method to recover the injectant at the surface, for storage and reinjection. The process is designed and integrated during operation using compositional reservoir simulation in order to optimize oil recovery. Compositional simulation modeling of a Wolfcamp D horizontal producing oil well was conducted to obtain a history match on oil, gas, and water production. The matched model was then utilized to evaluate the shale oil EOR method under a variety of operating conditions. The modeling indicates that for this particular well, incremental oil production of 500% over primary EUR may be achieved in the first five years of EOR operation, and more than 700% over primary EUR after 10 years. The method, which is patented, has numerous advantages over cyclic gas injection, such as much greater oil recovery, much better economics/lower cost per barrel, lower risk of interwell communication, use of far less horsepower and fuel, shorter injection time, longer production time, smaller injection volumes, scalability, faster implementation, precludes the need for artificial lift, elimination of the need to buy and sell injectant during each cycle, ability to optimize each cycle by integration with compositional reservoir simulation modeling, and lower emissions. This superior shale oil EOR method has been modeled in the five major US shale oil plays, indicating large incremental oil recovery potential. The method is now being field tested to confirm reservoir simulation modeling projections. If implemented early in the life of a shale oil well, its application can slow the production decline rate, recover far more oil earlier and at lower cost, and extend the life of the well by several years, while precluding the need for artificial lift.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MODEL RECOGNITION FOR GRAMMAR-BASED AUTOMATIC 3D BUILDING MODEL RECONSTRUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Petra Helmholz ◽  
David Belton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, 3D city models are in high demand by many public and private organisations, and the steadily growing capacity in both quality and quantity are increasing demand. The quality evaluation of these 3D models is a relevant issue both from the scientific and practical points of view. In this paper, we present a method for the quality evaluation of 3D building models which are reconstructed automatically from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data based on an attributed building grammar. The entire evaluation process has been performed in all the three dimensions in terms of completeness and correctness of the reconstruction. Six quality measures are introduced to apply on four datasets of reconstructed building models in order to describe the quality of the automatic reconstruction, and also are assessed on their validity from the evaluation point of view.

scholarly journals USING THE METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL RESTRICTIONS FOR SOLVING A DUAL-OBJECTIVE PROBLEM OF PRODUCTION PLANNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Dovha ◽  
◽  
Hryhorii Tsehelyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Maximum Profit

The processes of optimization of the production plan according to certain criteria by modeling were investigated. Achieving effective results directly depends on the optimal production plan. The most important thing in determining the optimal production plan is the choice of modeling criteria. For the most part, the quality of decisions is characterized not by one but by many incomparable criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to make decisions based not on one but on many criteria. This so-called multi-objective optimization problem. For solving such problems is widely used mathematical methods. Mathematical approach can be used to solve problems in any particular activity as mathematics abstracted from specific features characteristic of a particular solution. Therefore, from the point of view of mathematics, the optimal result can be obtained with various established criteria, but from the economic point of view it is important to choose the ones that are of decisive importance. That is, their weight is important for the consumer when making a purchase decision, and for the manufacturer – in terms of production capabilities of certain types and results (production efficiency). The basis of the operation of any enterprise is a production program (production and sales plan). The main task of the production plan is to meet the needs of consumers in high-quality products, which are produced with the best use of resources, on the one hand, and the enterprise to get the maximum profit, on the other. With this in mind, a two-criteria optimization model that allows to make a production plan was proposed. The plan ensures that products are produced with the best use of available resources and at the same time ensures maximum quality of manufactured products and maximum profit from sales of these products. The solution of the problem with two objective functions and linear constraints is achieved by step-by-step solution of the proposed mathematical model of optimization of the production plan using the method of sequential restrictions. The simplex method was also used. An example shows an algorithm for solving the optimization problem.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MODEL RECOGNITION FOR GRAMMAR-BASED AUTOMATIC 3D BUILDING MODEL RECONSTRUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Petra Helmholz ◽  
David Belton
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Increasing Demand

In recent years, 3D city models are in high demand by many public and private organisations, and the steadily growing capacity in both quality and quantity are increasing demand. The quality evaluation of these 3D models is a relevant issue both from the scientific and practical points of view. In this paper, we present a method for the quality evaluation of 3D building models which are reconstructed automatically from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data based on an attributed building grammar. The entire evaluation process has been performed in all the three dimensions in terms of completeness and correctness of the reconstruction. Six quality measures are introduced to apply on four datasets of reconstructed building models in order to describe the quality of the automatic reconstruction, and also are assessed on their validity from the evaluation point of view.

scholarly journals MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Makarov ◽  
◽  
Mykola Kaplin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Gas Fields

The subject of the research is the directions of development of the gas industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model for calculating the program of development of the country's gas industry to solve the problem of choosing options for commissioning of new natural gas fields and intensification of existing fields. The methods of system analysis, linear programming, comparative analysis and expert evaluations are used in the work. A model for calculating a program for the development of the gas industry is proposed to solve the problem of choosing options for commissioning new natural gas fields and intensifying existing fields. The model is based on representing development options with achievable volumes of annual production increase in integer linear programming problems. New and operating natural gas fields can be presented in the model with statistical information on their distribution by reserves and depths with the corresponding development costs, as well as the dependences of the predicted annual production volume on the measures taken and technologies to improve the efficiency of gas extraction. Model calculations provide a two-stage method for determining the options for the development of the industry. At the first stage, a variety of options are optimized according to the criterion of unit costs per 1,000 m3 of gas produced during the entire program period. The second stage ensures the optimal distribution of the selected options between the periods of the program using the criterion of the production volume and with the limited costs of the previous period for the preparation, prospecting and exploration of deposits. The results of calculating feasible options for the development of the gas production industry based on statistical information on volume, mining and geological and cost indicators of the development of resources and natural gas reserves are presented. The calculations investigated the options for the uniform distribution of investment, as well as their growth from the first stage to the next. For both cases, the priority is set for the selection of fields with large reserves at the same depths. Such a procedure for putting fields into operation is expedient, both from the point of view of the criterion for the optimal functioning of the industry over a long period of time – the unit costs of production, and on the basis of considerations of achieving the highest volumes of extraction in the shortest possible time. In the case of small capital investments in the development of the industry, the model selects small-volume reserves of deposits according to the structure of Ukrainian reserves.

scholarly journals Pavement Distress Detection Methods: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Ragnoli ◽  
Maria De Blasiis ◽  
Alessandro Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Distress Detection

The road pavement conditions affect safety and comfort, traffic and travel times, vehicles operating cost, and emission levels. In order to optimize the road pavement management and guarantee satisfactory mobility conditions for all road users, the Pavement Management System (PMS) is an effective tool for the road manager. An effective PMS requires the availability of pavement distress data, the possibility of data maintenance and updating, in order to evaluate the best maintenance program. In the last decade, many researches have been focused on pavement distress detection, using a huge variety of technological solutions for both data collection and information extraction and qualification. This paper presents a literature review of data collection systems and processing approach aimed at the pavement condition evaluation. Both commercial solutions and research approaches have been included. The main goal is to draw a framework of the actual existing solutions, considering them from a different point of view in order to identify the most suitable for further research and technical improvement, while also considering the automated and semi-automated emerging technologies. An important attempt is to evaluate the aptness of the data collection and extraction to the type of distress, considering the distress detection, classification, and quantification phases of the procedure.

Werbungskosten oder Subvention? Zur Rechtfertigung der Entfernungspauschale und Perspektiven ihrer Ausgestaltung

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Homburg ◽  
Holger Karrenbrock ◽  
Johann Eekhoff
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cost Factors

AbstractStefan Homburg points out that in Germany commuting expenses have been deductible from the income tax base for a long time. Germany’s grand coalition has now restricted this deduction. The article analyses whether or not this was justified from an economic point of view. It is shown that, in the long run, the tax treatment of commuting expenses has nothing to do with production efficiency. Commuting rather represents a form of household production. The overall conclusion is that the more restrictive tax treatment seems economically justifiable.Whereas Holger Karrenbrock deals with the arguments of the proponents of the so-called ‘Werkstorprinzip’, a principle which means that for tax purposes the sphere of occupational activity ends at the factory gate. He demonstrates that expenses for commuting to and from work are incomerelated and therefore have to be tax deductible. The commutation to and from work is a condition precedent to income production, and the corresponding expenses solely arise from the taxpayer’s occupation, which both is essential in his opinion.Johann Eekhoff, however, emphasizes that since 2007 costs of commuting in Germany are in principle no longer deductible from taxable income. This change in taxation is appreciated because commuting costs can be substituted by housing costs. Generally speaking, the sum of both cost factors is the same at any distances from work. Only for married couples costs of a second household near the workplace should be tax-deductible if both partners are employed at different places.

scholarly journals Performance model’s development: a novel approach encompassing ontology-based data access and visual analytics

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-892
Author(s):  
Marco Angelini ◽  
Cinzia Daraio ◽  
Maurizio Lenzerini ◽  
Francesco Leotta ◽  
Giuseppe Santucci
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Interactive Performance ◽  
Novel Approach

AbstractThe quantitative evaluation of research is currently carried out by means of indicators calculated on data extracted and integrated by analysts who elaborate them by creating illustrative tables and plots of results. In this approach, the robustness of the metrics used and the possibility for users of the metrics to intervene in the evaluation process are completely neglected. We propose a new approach which is able to move forward, from indicators’ development to an interactive performance model’s development. It combines the advantages of the ontology-based data access paradigm with the flexibility and robustness of a visual analytics environment putting the consumer/stakeholder at the centre of the evaluation. A detailed description of such an approach is presented in the paper. The approach is illustrated and evaluated trough a comprehensive user’s study that proves the added capabilities and the benefits that a user of performance models can have by using this approach.

scholarly journals Cruise Flight Performance Optimization for Minimizing Green Direct Operating Cost

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian ◽  
Wan ◽  
Ye ◽  
Xing
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Direct Operating Cost ◽  
Greenhouse Effects ◽  
Cruise Flight

To cope with the environmental impact of aviation and pollution problems in the future, airlines need to assess environmental impacts and offer countermeasures in advance. In order to measure the influence of environment on the airlines’ operational costs, this paper establishes an aircraft green direct operating cost (GDOC) model to quantify adverse environmental effects, such as air pollution and greenhouse effects, into the direct operating cost (DOC). Furthermore, fuel consumption, flight time, and distance in the cruising stage account for about 80% of the entire flight mission, and optimizing cruise flight performance can contribute greatly to reduce GDOC. Therefore, this paper sets up an optimal control model to minimize GDOC, establishes a discrete time dynamic system for optimizing the cruise altitude and speed profiles, and searches the optimal results by using dynamic programming. Besides, as meteorological conditions affect aircraft aerodynamics, fuel flow rate, contrail formation, and so on, this paper analyzes meteorological uncertainty by using historic meteorological data. Finally, a route is selected as an example, and the rationality of the optimal results is proven by comparing GDOC with DOC. The results and discussion of the numerical test also show that environmental effects on aircraft operation can be reduced significantly by adopting GDOC as the optimization objective, especially the contrail cost, and the step-climb cruise mode can further reduce GDOC effectively.

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