Pre-Treatment Experimental Study of Organic Acid: An Alternative Means to Overcome Inorganic Scale Build-Up Problem in Deep Well

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bagus Muliadi Nasution ◽  
Andrew Yonathan ◽  
Muthi Abdillah ◽  
Wang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Organic acid has been widely applied for inorganic scale treatment in oil and gas industry including well stimulation and scale inhibitor. Thanks to its low corrosivity and slower reaction rate with rock, organic acid is considered to offer better performance comparing to strong acid - Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). Yet, proper treatment requires vigorous analysis and experiment in order to meet foremost expectations. Besides, mistreatment of scale could result in formation damage including clay precipitation. Pre-treatment experiments were performed on Zelda field at South East Sumatera block, that has faced with scale problem for ages. Water sample was taken from flowing Zelda A-08 well to be analyzed for mineral's saturation level. Scale was extracted from three sources including tubing, sand bailer, and Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) of Zelda A-08. Those scale were treated in X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) for mineral composition, and solubility test that utilized two types of acid system - formic acid (HCOOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) for comparison. Anti-swelling test and corrosion test were performed to examine the effectiveness of clay stabilizer and corrosion inhibitor. As for carbonate analysis, both formic acid 9% and HCl 15% have comparable solubility (98.17% vs 98% for tubing's scale, 91.86% vs 82.79% for ESP's scale, and 70.30% vs 68.07% for sand bailer's scale). Yet, longer reaction is carried out by formic acid 9% (1 hour) comparing to HCl 15% (18 minutes). For silicate analysis, HF-formic acid provided the higher solubility than HF-HCl (8.34% vs 5.67% for ESP's scale and 30.48% vs 25.68% for sand bailer's scale). On anti-swelling test, by reducing swelling tendency up to 62.6%, it proves that examined clay stabilizer works perfectly against swelling potential of clay, despite of high swelling tendency of sand bailer's scale (25.8%). On corrosion test, adding on corrosion inhibitor (pyridine-based) into solution results in regular HCl 15% has corrosion rate 26.279 g/m2.h which is much higher (300%) than HF-HCl (7.977 g/m2.h) and HF-formic acid (8.229 g/m2.h). Based on pre-treatment test, formic acid 9% together with examined corrosion inhibitor and clay stabilizer, can be used as an alternative to regular HCl 15% for stimulation purpose where more areas will be covered that previously left unreachable by regular acid 15%. In addition, potentially more effective squeezed scale inhibitor using organic acid can also be achieved by performing further experiments. The method presented in this paper for pre-treatment experimental studies of organic acid can provide engineers with intensive guide to meet the best result of organic acid treatment.

scholarly journals Performance of Waterborne Polyurethanes in Inhibition of Gas Hydrate Formation and Corrosion: Influence of Hydrophobic Fragments

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5664
Author(s):  
Roman S. Pavelyev ◽  
Yulia F. Zaripova ◽  
Vladimir V. Yarkovoi ◽  
Svetlana S. Vinogradova ◽  
Sherzod Razhabov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethanes ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation

The design of new dual-function inhibitors simultaneously preventing hydrate formation and corrosion is a relevant issue for the oil and gas industry. The structure-property relationship for a promising class of hybrid inhibitors based on waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) was studied in this work. Variation of diethanolamines differing in the size and branching of N-substituents (methyl, n-butyl, and tert-butyl), as well as the amount of these groups, allowed the structure of polymer molecules to be preset during their synthesis. To assess the hydrate and corrosion inhibition efficiency of developed reagents pressurized rocking cells, electrochemistry and weight-loss techniques were used. A distinct effect of these variables altering the hydrophobicity of obtained compounds on their target properties was revealed. Polymers with increased content of diethanolamine fragments with n- or tert-butyl as N-substituent (WPU-6 and WPU-7, respectively) worked as dual-function inhibitors, showing nearly the same efficiency as commercial ones at low concentration (0.25 wt%), with the branched one (tert-butyl; WPU-7) turning out to be more effective as a corrosion inhibitor. Commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor Luvicap 55 W and corrosion inhibitor Armohib CI-28 were taken as reference samples. Preliminary study reveals that WPU-6 and WPU-7 polyurethanes as well as Luvicap 55 W are all poorly biodegradable compounds; BODt/CODcr (ratio of Biochemical oxygen demand and Chemical oxygen demand) value is 0.234 and 0.294 for WPU-6 and WPU-7, respectively, compared to 0.251 for commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor Luvicap 55 W. Since the obtained polyurethanes have a bifunctional effect and operate at low enough concentrations, their employment is expected to reduce both operating costs and environmental impact.

Corrosion Inhibitor Performance with Presence of FeCO3 Film in CO2 Corrosion Environment under Fluid Flow Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarini Mat Yaakob ◽  
M. Che Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
Iron Carbonate ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Flow Effect ◽  
Economic Methods

Corrosion due to carbon dioxide (CO2) has a major impact on the oil and gas industry by severely affecting production and process facilities. One of the most economic methods to prevent the corrosion of piping and plants is the application of corrosion inhibitors. The presences of corrosion product such as iron carbonate (FeCO3) film may affect to the performance of corrosion inhibitor. In addition to that, fluid flow effect in pipeline may also influence the performance of corrosion inhibitor. Thus, the present work is conducted to study the effect of FeCO3 film to the performance of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor under fluid flow effect. The experiments were done in glass cells at 80°C. The hydrodynamic condition experiment was simulated using rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). Corrosion inhibitor was added at two different concentrations in the iron carbonate film formation. A corrosion rates were measured by linear polarization resistance (LPR) method. The film was later analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that a better corrosion protection is still offered by corrosion inhibitor even with presence of FeCO3 film. A synergistic effect is offered by these two films of corrosion inhibitor and FeCO in reducing corrosion rate.

A Highly Effective Corrosion Inhibitor by Use of Gemini Imidazoline

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1743-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Yang ◽  
Liyang Gao ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Wenlong Qin ◽  
Chengxian Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Triethylene Tetramine

Summary Corrosion inhibitors are widely used to control corrosion under the sweet and sour environments in the oil and gas industry. More effective and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors need to be developed. This paper studies a new gemini imidazoline (GIM) corrosion inhibitor, in which two hydrocarbon chains and two head groups are linked by a rigid spacer. The GIM was synthesized through the reaction of oleic acid with triethylene tetramine at 2:1 molar ratio. The performance of the GIM on inhibition of carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion was evaluated by linear polarization resistance in sparged-beaker testing. Rotating-wheel testing was performed to evaluate the film persistency of the test inhibitors. The results showed that corrosion inhibition of the GIM was more effective at lower concentration than that of conventional imidazoline. The mixture of GIM and fatty acid also showed better film persistency than conventional imidazoline. The emulsion tendency of the GIM was less than that of conventional imidazoline. The mechanism of the highly effective GIM was studied. It showed that GIM has much-higher surface activity than conventional imidazoline. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of GIM is several times lower than that of conventional imidazoline. Hence, the new GIM corrosion inhibitor and its mixture give more-effective corrosion inhibition at low concentration; there is also a lesser environmental effect.

Hexamethylene-1,6-bis(N-d-glucopyranosylamine) as a novel corrosion inhibitor for oil and gas industry: electrochemical and computational analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (19) ◽  
pp. 7282-7293 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Onyeachu ◽  
D. S. Chauhan ◽  
K. R. Ansari ◽  
I. B. Obot ◽  
M. A. Quraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Sweet Corrosion ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Experimental and theoretical studies on hexamethylene-1,6-bis(N-d-glucopyranosylamine) as a novel inhibitor against sweet corrosion useful for oil and gas industry.

Application of a Remote Health Monitoring System for Pipeline Bolted Joints

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Razi ◽  
Ramadan Ahmed Esmaeel ◽  
Farid Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Applied Torque

Early detection of bolt loosening is a major concern in the oil and gas industry. In this study, a vibration-based health monitoring strategy has been developed for detecting loosened bolts in pipeline. Both numerical and experimental studies are conducted to verify the integrity of the proposed method. Several damage scenarios for a bolted joint connecting two steel pipes (ASTM A53/A53M–07) are considered by simulating the loosening of the bolts through varying the applied torque on each bolt. An electric impact hammer is used to excite the pipe’s vibration in a consistent manner. The induced vibration signal is collected remotely via piezoceramic sensors bonded onto the pipe as well as the flange. The gathered vibration signals are transferred remotely to an in-house developed MATLAB code by a wireless data acquisition (DAQ) module. The data is processed with the embedded signal processing code, which incorporates normalization, filtering of data and the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to establish an effective energy-based damage index. The assessment of the damage indices obtained for the damage scenarios verifies the integrity of the proposed methodology in identifying the damage and its progression in bolted joints.

Automatic Isotherm Derivation From Field Data for Oilfield Scale-Inhibitor Squeeze Treatments

SPE Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Vazquez ◽  
David Corne ◽  
Eric James Mackay ◽  
Myles Martin Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Analytic Form ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Hill Climbing Algorithm ◽  
The Hill

Summary Oilfield scale formation represents a significant flow-assurance challenge to the oil and gas industry, because of increasing water production worldwide and higher oil prices. Scale-inhibitor (SI) squeeze treatment is the most widespread method to combat downhole scaling. To predict SI squeeze treatments accurately for further optimization, it is necessary to simulate the SI retention in the formation, which may be described by a pseudoadsorption isotherm. Although these are often derived from coreflood experiments, sometimes they are not appropriate for modeling well treatments because the core tests on which they are based cannot fully represent field-scale processes. In practice, the parameters of an analytic form of the isotherm equation are modified by trial and error by an experienced practitioner until a match is obtained between the prediction and the return profile of the first treatment in the field. The main purpose of this paper is to present a stochastic hill-climbing algorithm for automatic isotherm derivation. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by use of data from three field cases. Two success criteria were defined: the ability to match a single historical treatment and the ability to predict subsequent successive treatments. To test for the second criterion, a candidate isotherm was derived from the first treatment in a well that was treated with the same chemical package on consecutive occasions, and then the predictions by use of the suggested solution were compared with the observed SI concentration-return profiles from the subsequent treatments. In all the calculations, the performances of both the isotherms suggested by the hill-climbing algorithm and the isotherms derived by trial and error were compared. The results demonstrate that the hill-climbing algorithm is an effective technique for deriving an isotherm for a single treatment, although predictions for successive treatments worsened slightly with each treatment.

Water well acidization revisited: includes oil and geothermal well perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-071
Author(s):  
Andreas N. Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Geothermal Wells ◽  
Scale Deposits

Borehole acidization has two objectives: to remove drilling damage at the well face and to enhance formation permeability. Acid applications have been mainly on carbonates, granitic and metamorphic rocks in geothermal wells and on sandstones in oil and gas wells. In geothermal wells, acidizations have been especially useful in removing accumulated scale deposits. Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly used as it has a high dissolving power, a lower cost and is relatively easy to handle. It reacts easily with carbonates but not with silicates in sandstones for which a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid is used. There are no known water well acidizations with hydrofluoric acid. Acidization of limestone water wells with hydrochloric acid has been generally successful in naturally fractured rock with productivity improvements of two or more times the original yield. Second and third acidizations can enhance yields further and are usually economically justifiable. Water well acidizations may benefit from higher injection rates than is currently practised. Acid fracturing is widely used in the oil and gas industry. In water wells it may prove useful in hard crystalline limestones, but not in soft low strength carbonates, such as UK Chalk.

scholarly journals Multiple Applications of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Biofilm, Biocide, Salinity Corrosion Inhibitor, and Biofilm Dispersion (Part II)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Labena ◽  
M. A. Hegazy ◽  
Radwa M. Sami ◽  
Wael N. Hozzein
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactant

The Egyptian petroleum industries are incurring severe problems with corrosion, particularly corrosion that is induced by sulfidogenic microbial activities in harsh salinity environments despite extensively using biocides and metal corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, in this study, a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant (SCGS) was tested as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-candida, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm (anti-adhesive), and bio-dispersion agent. The SCGS was evaluated as a biocide against environmental sulfidogenic-bacteria and as a corrosion inhibitor for a high salinity cultivated medium. The SCGS displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations. The SCGS demonstrated anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and bio-dispersion activity. The SCGS exhibited bactericidal activity against environmental sulfidogenic bacteria and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 93.8% at 5 mM. Additionally, the SCGS demonstrated bio-dispersion activity against the environmental sulfidogenic bacteria at 5.49% salinity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with many applications in the oil and gas industry: as broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, corrosion inhibition for high salinity, biocides for environmentally sulfidogenic bacteria, and as bio-dispersion agents.

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