A Better Well and Better Fracturing Improve Production in B-Field, Offshore Northwest Java

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendro Vico ◽  
Riezal Arieffiandhany ◽  
Indra Sanjaya ◽  
Lambertus Francisco ◽  
Yasinta Dewi Setiawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Wellbore Pressure

Abstract B-Field is located in Northwest Java and holds potential hydrocarbon in its low-quality marine sandstone reservoir, BR-34A and BR-34B zones. Each zone has a permeability range between 5 and 12 mD and can only produce approximately 20 to 50 BFPD without stimulation, making the well a non-economic producer. In 2020, two infill development wells, A-08 and K-08, were drilled targeting these zones. Both wells were planned to be completed with hydraulic fracturing stimulation to boost the production. The first well, A-08 was completed earlier than K-08, but the production result from the well was unsatisfactory. The pressure evaluation analysis indicated high near-wellbore pressure of more than 1,000 psi. There were no reliable mechanical properties data in the well, which led to a conservative final hydraulic fracture design to avoid fracture growth into the nearby watered-out zone, BR-35. Therefore, only 30,000 lbm of proppant were pumped, resulting in minimal proppant concentration in the pay interval for this reservoir of 360 lbm/ft even though the optimum amount of proppant for this type of reservoir is 1,000 lbm/ft. Limited proppant ramping concentration of only 6 PPA was also affecting proppant width around the wellbore, especially in this low Young's modulus reservoir. Because of this conservative design approach, the minimum target parameter from conductivity, dimensionless fracture conductivity, proppant concentration, does not meet optimum fracture half-length and skin. Eventually, the well could only produce 100 BFPD. A first application in the field of a comprehensive study of geomechanics using a sonic dipole log was performed to create a 1D mechanical earth model (MEM) on the second well, K-08, to validate the risk of breaking into the nearby water zone. In addition, this study was critical to confirm static rock properties and to revise the stress profile considering reservoir pressure change. As a result, it confirmed that the zones have enough competent shale barrier to hold the proppant volume according to the recommended design and that the zone has low Young's modulus (0.4 to 0.7 million psi) as well as lower stress compared to the preliminary estimation. A new technical approach then considered these additional facts to determine that a smaller proppant size with a larger amount of proppant would be optimal for maintaining width integrity and reducing the embedment effect. By using pressure evaluation software on the second well, better permeability and with less near-wellbore friction pressure were achieved. Later, a pressure match simulation analysis with optimum pad volume, larger volume of proppant, and higher proppant concentration resulted in a contained fracture in the zone of interest that did not break through the barrier into the watered-out BR-35 zone. Hence, the second well (K-08) has improved production performance with the well able to deliver over 500 BFPD.

scholarly journals On the Effect of CO2 on Seismic and Ultrasonic Properties: A Novel Shale Experiment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5007
Author(s):  
Stian Rørheim ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Pierre Rolf Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
4D Seismic

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) by geological sequestration comprises a permeable formation (reservoir) for CO2 storage topped by an impermeable formation (caprock). Time-lapse (4D) seismic is used to map CO2 movement in the subsurface: CO2 migration into the caprock might change its properties and thus impact its integrity. Simultaneous forced-oscillation and pulse-transmission measurements are combined to quantify Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio as well as P- and S-wave velocity changes in the absence and in the presence of CO2 at constant seismic and ultrasonic frequencies. This combination is the laboratory proxy to 4D seismic because rock properties are monitored over time. It also improves the understanding of frequency-dependent (dispersive) properties needed for comparing in-situ and laboratory measurements. To verify our method, Draupne Shale is monitored during three consecutive fluid exposure phases. This shale appears to be resilient to CO2 exposure as its integrity is neither compromised by notable Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio nor P- and S-wave velocity changes. No significant changes in Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio seismic dispersion are observed. This absence of notable changes in rock properties is attributed to Draupne being a calcite-poor shale resilient to acidic CO2-bearing brine that may be a suitable candidate for CCS.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Processes and Deformation on the Petrophysical Properties of Soft Rocks during Active Faulting

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Anita Torabi ◽  
Juan Jiménez-Millán ◽  
Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Juan García-Tortosa ◽  
Isabel Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Granada Basin

We have studied damage zones of two active faults, Baza and Padul faults in Guadix-Baza and Granada basins, respectively, in South Spain. Mineral and microstructural characterization by X-ray diffraction and field emission electron microscopy studies have been combined with structural fieldwork and in situ measurements of rock properties (permeability and Young’s modulus) to find out the relation between deformation behavior, mineral processes, and changes in the soft rock and sediment properties produced by fluid flow during seismic cycles. Our results show that microsealing produced by precipitation of dolomite and aragonite along fractures in the damage zone of Baza Fault reduces the permeability and increases the Young’s modulus. In addition, deformation bands formed in sediments richer in detrital silicates involved cataclasis as deformation mechanism, which hamper permeability of the sediments. In the Granada Basin, the calcarenitic rocks rich in calcite and clays in the damage zone of faults associated to the Padul Fault are characterized by the presence of stylolites without any carbonate cement. On the other hand, marly lithofacies affected by faults are characterized by the presence of disaggregation bands that involve cracking and granular flow, as well as clay smear. The presence of stylolites and deformation bands in these rocks reduces permeability.

scholarly journals Application of pre-stack seismic waveform inversion and empirical relationships for the estimation of geomechanical properties in Ruby field, central swamp depobelt, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Chibueze Ugbor ◽  
Peter Ogobi Odong ◽  
Aniefiok Sylvester Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Seismic Inversion ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Seismic Waveform

AbstractPre-stack seismic inversion, well log analysis approach and empirical relations were adopted in this study to better estimate geomechanical properties of Ruby field with minimum error. The use of conventional well log empirical method alone to evaluate geomechanical properties in oil/gas fields sometimes becomes problematic. Geomechanical properties were divided into: elastic moduli [Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson ratio (PR)] and rock mechanical strength properties (closure stress ratio (CSR), brittleness (BRI) and compressibility). Four geomechanical earth models (CSR, BRI, Young’s modulus and PR) were generated from the inversion analysis to understand the distribution of rock strength properties across the field. The results deciphered high Young’s, shear and bulk modulus in the reservoir zone compared to the cap/seal rocks and a decrease in PR. This implies that, the cap/seal are more ductile and less compressible than the reservoir rocks, indicating that the reservoirs are highly brittle. CSR result reveals high in cap/seal indicating that the cap/seal rock are harder to fracture and has a greater chance to withstand higher compressive stress before failing as opposed to reservoir rocks. The inverted earth model shows that, Young’s modulus and brittleness increase toward the northeastern part of the field, while CSR and PR increase toward the southwestern part of the field. These results suggest that harder, stiffer, highly compressible and easily fractured rocks are found in the northern and eastern part of the field as opposed to the southern to western part of the field that is ductile.

scholarly journals The Geomechanics and the Acoustic Anisotropy of Reservoir Rocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zarzor Al-Yaseri
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

Knowing the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus (E)( , Poisson’s Ratio (ν), Shear Modulus (G), Bulk modulus (K) and compressibility which is the inverse of Bulk modulus) of the rocks involve in a reservoir, are critical factors for reservoir characterization). Those properties affect a wide variety of applications into the petroleum industry; from drilling well planning and execution to production performance (sand production, compaction, subsidence, etc) passing through a wide variety of topics like wellbore stability, well completions and of course reservoir characterization. For these reasons, the knowledge of these properties is really valuable for people working in the petroleum industry and of course working in reservoir characterization. This study was located in Berea town, Oklahoma, and it was intended to identify the geomechanical and acoustic properties of a sandstone sample. The Berea sandstone elastic properties are characterized using two methods: Quasi static and Dynamic. A detailed explanation of the sample preparation and the testing procedure is provided. Calculation results for both methods showed consistent values for the Young’s modulus being around 3,000,000 psi. The Poisson’s Ratio value is between 0.13 and 0.3. This study was performed in the PoroMechanics Institute (PMI) in the Sarkeys Energy Center at the University of Oklahoma, USA. Monitoring equipment was used to obtain all the information necessary for the proper characterization of the rock. The results of this work are a good tool that can be used in future simulations such as hydraulic fracturing treatment, reservoir fluid flow or reserve estimation.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis of Factors Influencing Stimulated Fracture Volume in Layered Formation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhang ◽  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
Xiaochen Wei ◽  
Lixi Liang ◽  
Jian Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Stimulated Reservoir Volume ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Layered Formation

Hydraulic fracture dimension is one of the key parameters affecting stimulated porous media. In actual fracturing, plentiful uncertain parameters increase the difficulty of fracture dimension prediction, resulting in the difficulty in the monitoring of reservoir productivity. In this paper, we established a three-dimensional model to analyze the key factors on the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), with the response surface method (RSM). Considering the rock properties and fracturing parameters, we established a multivariate quadratic prediction equation. Simulation results show that the interactions of injection rate (Q), Young’s modulus (E) and permeability coefficient (K), and Poisson’s ratio (μ) play a relatively significant role on SRV. The reservoir with a high Young’s modulus typically generates high pressure, leading to longer fractures and larger SRV. SRV reaches the maximum value when E1 and E2 are high. SRV is negatively correlated with K1. Moreover, maintaining a high injection rate in this layered formation with high E1 and E2, relatively low K1, and μ1 at about 0.25 would be beneficial to form a larger SRV. These results offer new perceptions on the optimization of SRV, helping to improve the productivity in hydraulic fracturing.

scholarly journals Empirical relations of rock properties of outcrop and core samples from the Northwest German Basin for geothermal drilling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reyer ◽  
S. L. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Static Young’S Modulus ◽  
German Basin

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Information about geomechanical and physical rock properties, particularly uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), are needed for geomechanical model development and updating with logging-while-drilling methods to minimise costs and risks of the drilling process. The following parameters with importance at different stages of geothermal exploitation and drilling are presented for typical sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Northwest German Basin (NWGB): physical (<i>P</i> wave velocities, porosity, and bulk and grain density) and geomechanical parameters (UCS, static Young's modulus, destruction work and indirect tensile strength both perpendicular and parallel to bedding) for 35 rock samples from quarries and 14 core samples of sandstones and carbonate rocks. <br><br> With regression analyses (linear- and non-linear) empirical relations are developed to predict UCS values from all other parameters. Analyses focus on sedimentary rocks and were repeated separately for clastic rock samples or carbonate rock samples as well as for outcrop samples or core samples. Empirical relations have high statistical significance for Young's modulus, tensile strength and destruction work; for physical properties, there is a wider scatter of data and prediction of UCS is less precise. For most relations, properties of core samples plot within the scatter of outcrop samples and lie within the 90% prediction bands of developed regression functions. The results indicate the applicability of empirical relations that are based on outcrop data on questions related to drilling operations when the database contains a sufficient number of samples with varying rock properties. The presented equations may help to predict UCS values for sedimentary rocks at depth, and thus develop suitable geomechanical models for the adaptation of the drilling strategy on rock mechanical conditions in the NWGB.</p>

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on the Application of Dynamic Elastic Rock Properties from Well Log for Shale Hydrocarbon Development of Brownshale Formation in the Bengkalis Trough, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muraji Suranto ◽  
Aris Buntoro ◽  
Carolus Prasetyadi ◽  
Ricky Adi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Core Data ◽  
Elastic Rock

In modeling the hydraulic fracking program for unconventional reservoir shales, information about elasticity rock properties is needed, namely Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio as the basis for determining the formation depth interval with high brittleness. The elastic rock properties (Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio) are a geomechanical parameters used to identify rock brittleness using core data (static data) and well log data (dynamic data). A common problem is that the core data is not available as the most reliable data, so well log data is used. The principle of measuring elastic rock properties in the rock mechanics lab is very different from measurements with well logs, where measurements in the lab are in high stresses / strains, low strain rates, and usually drained, while measurements in well logging use the principle of measured downhole by high frequency sonic. vibrations in conditions of very low stresses / strains, High strain rate, and Always undrained. For this reason, it is necessary to convert dynamic to static elastic rock properties (Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus) using empirical equations. The conversion of elastic rock properties (well logs) from dynamic to static using the empirical calculation method shows a significant shift in the value of Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio, namely a shift from the ductile zone dominance to the dominant brittle zone. The conversion results were validated with the rock mechanical test results from the analog outcrop cores (static) showing that the results were sufficiently correlated based on the distribution range.

scholarly journals Discrepancy between measured dynamic poroelastic parameters and predicted values from Wyllie’s equation for water-saturated Istebna sandstone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Knez ◽  
Herimitsinjo Rajaoalison
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Biot’S Coefficient ◽  
Water Saturated

AbstractThe drilling-related geomechanics requires a better understanding of the encountered formation properties such as poroelastic parameters. This paper shows set of laboratory results of the dynamic Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Biot’s coefficient for dry and water-saturated Istebna sandstone samples under a series of confining pressure conditions at two different temperatures. The predicted results from Wyllie’s equation were compared to the measured ones in order to show the effect of saturation on the rock weakening. A negative correlation has been identified between Poisson’s ratio, Biot’s coefficient and confining pressure, while a positive correlation between confining pressure and Young’s modulus. The predicted dynamic poroelastic rock properties using the P-wave value from Wyllie’s equation are different from measured ones. It shows the important influence of water saturation on rock strength, which is confirmed by unconfined compressive strength measurement. Linear equations have been fitted for the laboratory data and are useful for the analysis of coupled stress and pore pressure effects in geomechanical problems. Such results are useful for many drilling applications especially in evaluation of such cases as wellbore instability and many other drilling problems.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Relationship between the P-Wave Velocity and the Mechanical Properties of Damaged Sandstone

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Le Ding ◽  
Shuai-Bing Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
The Relationship

To obtain an improved and more accurate understanding of the relationship between the P-wave velocity and the mechanical properties of damaged sandstone, uniaxial compression tests were performed on sandstone subjected to different high-temperature treatments or freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. After high-temperature treatment, the tests showed a generally positive relationship between the P-wave velocity and mechanical characteristics, although there were many exceptions. The mechanical properties showed significant differences for a given P-wave velocity. Based on the mechanical tests after the F-T cycles, the mechanical properties and P-wave velocities exhibited different trends. The UCS and Young’s modulus values slightly decreased after 30, 40, and 50 cycles, whereas both an increase and a decrease occurred in the P-wave velocity. The UCS, Young’s modulus, and P-wave velocity represent different macrobehaviors of rock properties. A statistical relationship exists between the P-wave velocity and mechanical properties, such as the UCS and Young’s modulus, but no mechanical relationship exists. Further attention should be given to using the P-wave velocity to estimate and predict the mechanical properties of rock.

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