Development of Fluorescence Tagged Scale Inhibitors for Squeeze Applications in Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Dong Lee ◽  
Haiping Lu ◽  
Jeffrey Russek
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Abstract Fluorescence tagged (F-tagged) scale inhibitors are drawing more interest in the oil industry and are being applied in the field. One main reason is being easily detectable and differentiable from other scale inhibitors. However, when applied to a new oilfield, it is necessary to evaluate their thermal stability, limit of detection (LOD), and fluorescence measurement interference from other chemicals. Two F-tagged scale inhibitors were tested in this study. They are the same polymeric inhibitors with different and differentiable fluorescent tags. Both F-tagged inhibitors were able to be detected in synthetic brine and field brine from a Gulf of Mexico (GoM) field, with LOD of 1ppm. A coreflood test was also conducted for inhibitor squeeze treatment evaluation. The residual scale inhibitor in core flooding samples was measured by both fluorescence method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results from two methods generally match with each other. This strongly indicates that the F-tag is stable on scale inhibitors and fluorescence measurement is a reliable method for scale inhibitor detection. Thermal aging test and long storage test were conducted. For both F-tagged scale inhibitors, the thermal aged samples and samples with different storage lifetime did not show significant difference on scale inhibition performance and fluorescence measurement. The two F-tagged inhibitors tested can tolerate high temperature up to at least 130°C (266°F). With proper storage, F-tagged inhibitors after long shelf storage were still as effective as fresh inhibitors. Based on all the test results in this paper, these two scale inhibitors are ready for squeeze application in GoM.

HPTLC Separation of a Hepatoprotective Combination in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Human Plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Maimana A Magdy ◽  
Rehab M Abdelfatah
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Spiked Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Developing System

Abstract A binary mixture of Silymarin (SR) and Vitamin E (VE) acetate, of an antioxidant and a hepatoprotective effect, has been analyzed using a sensitive, selective and economic high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method in their pure forms, pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. SR and VE were separated on 60F254 silica gel plates using hexane:acetone:formic acid (7:3:0.15, v/v/v) as a developing system with UV detection at 215 nm. The method was evaluated for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). SR and VE were detected in the linear range of 0.2–2.5 and 0.2–4.5 μg/band, respectively. Method validation was done as per ICH guidelines and acceptable results of accuracy of 99.86 ± 1.190 and 100.22 ± 1.609 for SR and VE, respectively were obtained. The method has been successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation without any interference from excipients, and in spiked plasma samples. Results obtained by the developed HPTLC-densitometric method were statistically compared to those obtained by the reported HPLC methods and no significant difference was found between them.

Formation and Mitigation of BaSO4 Scale in Oil Fields

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Cheng Qiang Ren ◽  
Yuan Yuan Meng ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yun Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Inhibition Performance

The deposition of BaSO4scale is always found in the oilfield. It is difficult to be removed. Therefore, it plays a negative role to the production. The effects of temperature and water chemistry on BaSO4scale have been investigated by using the conductivity method in this work. An environment-friendly copolymer was prepared to control the scaling of BaSO4. The copolymer was proved by static scale inhibition method, and weight-loss test that it has excellent scale inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, FTIR spectra was used to prove that the scale inhibitor was polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA).

Experimental study on scale inhibition performance of a green scale inhibitor polyaspartic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhenHua Quan ◽  
YongChang Chen ◽  
XiuRong Wang ◽  
Cheng Shi ◽  
YunJie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Performance

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of First-Derivative Spectrophotometry and Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Applied to the Determination of Repaglinide in Tablets and for Dissolution Testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar A AlKhalidi ◽  
Majed Shtaiwi ◽  
Hatim S AlKhatib ◽  
Mohammad Mohammad ◽  
Yasser Bustanji
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Dissolution Testing ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A fast and reliable method for the determination of repaglinide is highly desirable to support formulation screening and quality control. A first-derivative UV spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of repaglinide in tablet dosage form and for dissolution testing. First-derivative UV absorbance was measured at 253 nm. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in comparison to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) column high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. The first-derivative UV spectrophotometric method showed excellent linearity [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9999] in the concentration range of 135 g/mL and precision (relative standard deviation <1.5). The LOD and LOQ were 0.23 and 0.72 g/mL, respectively, and good recoveries were achieved (98101.8). Statistical comparison of results of the first-derivative UV spectrophotometric and the USP HPLC methods using the t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the 2 methods. Additionally, the method was successfully used for the dissolution test of repaglinide and was found to be reliable, simple, fast, and inexpensive.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE FROM MASSIVE AND UNCONTROLLED USE OF SULFONAMIDES IN MILK

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Zana Ibraimi ◽  
Agim Shehi ◽  
Ardiana Murtezani ◽  
Fehim Haliti
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sulfonamide Residues ◽  
Time Required

Objective: The aim of this study was to discover sulfa residues in milk and to determine the most appropriate time required for allowing the consumption of milk after drug’s use in dairy cattle.Methods: 150 samples of raw milk were collected from 95% of dairy farms in Kosovo that were visited during years 2015-2016. At these farms, using a questionnaire, we have identified the treatment procedures of dairy cattle, the dose and the type of drug administered to them, as well as the duration of this administration. Then, ELISA screening method and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC/FD) confirmatory method were used to analyse the collected samples.Results: Out of 150 milk samples, 52% were given a combination of 400 mg sulfadiazine+80 mg trimethoprim, with a statistically significant difference compared to other sulfonamides p<0.01. During the examination by ELISA method, 8 of them (5%) had exceeded the limit of detection, while during the examination by HPLC/FD method, 4 of them (2.5%) had exceeded the maximum residue limit allowed. In the first 4 d after the treatment has ended, the level of sulfonamide residues was high 141.5%, which is as high as their initial dose, with statistically significant linear trend p<0.01.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that in the collected raw milk there were sulfonamide residues, whose level has fallen following 4 d of treatment of the animal. It also shows the necessary time allowed for milk consumption. During this time milk must not be consumed in order to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance in the human population.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Methods for Citalopram in Tablets

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jlia Menegola ◽  
Martin Steppe ◽  
Elfrides E S Schapoval
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Column high-performance liquid chromatographic (LC) and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of citalopram, a potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in tablets were developed. The parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Chromatography was carried out by the reversed-phase technique on an ACE C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.30 triethylamine solutionacetonitrile (55 + 45, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.6 with 10 ortho-phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and 25C. The UV spectrophotometric method was performed at 239 nm. The linearity of the LC method was in the range of 10.0070.00 g/mL, and 2.5017.50 g/mL for the UV spectrophotometric method. The interday and intraday assay precision was &lt;1.5 (relative standard deviation) for the LC and UV spectrophotometric methods. The recoveries were in the range 100.70101.35 for the LC method and 98.4898.65 for the UV spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis by Student's t-test showed no significant difference between the results obtained by the 2 methods. The proposed methods are highly sensitive, precise, and accurate and can be used for the reliable quantitation of citalopram in tablets.

Research on the synthesis and scale inhibition performance of a new terpolymer scale inhibitor

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Bao ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yanqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Sodium Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
High Conversion Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Inhibition Performance

A new terpolymer named β-CD-MA-SSS was produced using free-radical polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), maleic-anhydride (MA) and sodium-styrene-sulfonate (SSS) as monomers, with potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. Its performance as a scale inhibitor to prevent deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that β-CD-MA-SSS performed excellent scale inhibition and exhibited a high conversion rate under the following conditions: initiator consisting of 6%, molar ratio of reaction monomers SSS:MA = 0.8:1, MA:β-CD = 6:1, reaction temperature of 80 °C, reaction time of 6 h, and dropping time of 40 min when MA was dosed as a substrate, and SSS and KPS were dosed as dropping reactants simultaneously. Use of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for this inhibitor showed that the polymerization reaction had taken place with the reaction monomers under the above specified conditions. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the β-CD-MA-SSS had a strong chelating ability for calcium (Ca2+) and a good dispersion ability for calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Investigation of Application Conditions of Barium/Strontium Scale Inhibitor in Oilfields

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1097-1101
Author(s):  
Qiang Ke ◽  
Fa Shu Liang
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Common Scale ◽  
Gas Standards ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
Temperature Time

In response to the serious barium / strontium – scale in oilfields, we simulated oilfield conditions and investigated the scale inhibition performance of several common scale inhibitors to barium and strontium, by following the protocol from Evaluation Methods of Anti-Scale Agent for Oilfield Use, Petroleum Gas Standards of People’s Republic of China SY/T 5673. The most effective scale inhibitor CD-1 was screened out. With CD-1 as barium / strontium scale inhibitor in the static anti-scale analytical experiments, the dependence of scale inhibition performance on scale inhibitor concentration, saltiness, temperature, time and the system pH was investigated. The application conditions of barium / strontium scale inhibitor in real petroleum and gas field was obtained. Under the optimized application conditions, the mixture scale inhibitor had better scale inhibition efficiency than CD-1 alone.

Synthesis of New Phosphate and the Evaluation as Scale Inhibitor in Oilfield

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Ren Jun Xu ◽  
Hua Lei He ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hai Peng Hui ◽  
Qiao Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Compared with inorganic phosphonates, organic phosphonates have better chemical stability in water treatment, and are not easy to hydrolyze in higher temperature and wider pH range. In this paper, a one-step synthesis method of ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) sodium (EDTMPS) and methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMPA) were studied. A new phosphate scale inhibitor was prepared and its scale inhibition performance was evaluated. The results showed that the scale inhibition rate increased with the increase of the concentration of synthetic products (EDTMPS, DTPMPA). At the same concentration, compared with DTPMPA, EDTMPS has better scale inhibition performance, and the maximum scale inhibition rate can reach 96.85%. The scale inhibition performance of composite scale inhibitor is better than that of single scale inhibitor, and the scale inhibition rate of the synthesized products can reach more than 90% after compounding. And inhibitory mechanism has been proposed: Because phosphonates effectively control the rate of nucleation. In addition, polyphosphonates can chelate Ca2+, Mg2+ plasma to form monocyclic or bicyclic chelates. This will destroy the normal growth process of calcium carbonate and other crystals, thus preventing the formation of calcium carbonate scale.

scholarly journals The synthesis of polyaspartic acid derivative PASP-Im and investigation of its scale inhibition performance and mechanism in industrial circulating water

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (55) ◽  
pp. 33595-33601
Author(s):  
Xinyu Guo ◽  
Xiaowei Zhao ◽  
Yanhua Xu ◽  
Panpan Zhang ◽  
Yamin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Iminodiacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Synthesis Route ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
Performance And Mechanism

A polyaspartic acid derivative (PASP-Im) as a novel scale inhibitor was synthesized by a simple green synthesis route with polysuccinimide and iminodiacetic acid as the starting materials.

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