Real-Time Lookahead Imaging Using the Drill Bit as Seismic Source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Valentin Goertz ◽  
Tatiana Thiem ◽  
Endre Vange Bergfjord ◽  
Audun Libak ◽  
Brian Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
The North ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Well Trajectory ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly

Abstract We monitor the seismic signal emitted from a rotating drill bit in real time with an array of seismic sensors at the seafloor. Drill-bit seismic signals provide information to locate the drill-bit position itself and to image geological objects ahead and around the drill bit for geosteering purposes during drilling operations. The data can be obtained in real time without the need to stop drilling for logging and without any additional downhole instrumentation in the bottom hole assembly. Drill-bit positioning accuracy is independent of measured depth and with meter level lateral precision. This is significantly better than conventional downhole gyro-based methods, especially for long horizontal wells. With sources along the drilled well path approaching a target reservoir we obtain a 3D reverse VSP (RVSP) image around the well for prediction ahead of the drill bit. This paper presents a case study from the Grane reservoir in the North Sea, where we utilize a permanent reservoir monitoring (PRM) array for listening to signals emitted from drilling with a PDC bit. We present imaging results from a highly deviated well and compare them to 3D seismic. The field example shows the ability to look ahead several hundreds of meters below the drilled well trajectory.

REAL-TIME 3D IMAGING OF COMPLEX TURBIDITIC RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Sinha ◽  
◽  
Karol Riofrio ◽  
Arthur Walmsley ◽  
Nigel Clegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
3D Inversion ◽  
Reservoir Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
3D Em ◽  
Accurate Imaging

Siliciclastic turbidite lobes and channels are known to exhibit varying degrees of architectural complexity. Understanding the elements that contribute to this complexity is the key to optimizing drilling targets, completions designs and long-term production. Several methods for 3D reservoir modelling based on seismic and electromagnetic (EM) data are available that are often complemented with outcrop, core and well log data studies. This paper explores an ultra-deep 3D EM inversion process during real-time drilling and how it can enhance the reservoir understanding beyond the existing approaches. The new generation of ultra-deep triaxial EM logging tools provide full-tensor, multi-component data with large depths of detection, allowing a range of geophysical inversion processing techniques to be implemented. A Gauss-Newton-based 3D inversion using semi-structured meshing was adapted to support real-time inversion of ultra-deep EM data while drilling. This 3D processing methodology provides more accurate imaging of the 3D architectural elements of the reservoir compared to earlier independent up-down, right-left imaging using 1D and 2D processing methods. This technology was trialed in multiple wells in the Heimdal Formation, a siliciclastic Palaeocene reservoir in the North Sea. The Heimdal Fm. sandstones are generally considered to be of excellent reservoir quality, deposited through many turbiditic pulses of variable energy. The presence of thin intra-reservoir shales, fine-grained sands, heterolithic zones and calcite-cemented intervals add architectural complexity to the reservoir and subsequently impacts the fluid flow within the sands. These features are responsible for heterogeneities that create tortuosity in the reservoir. When combined with more than a decade of production, they have caused significant localized movement of oil-water and gas-oil contacts. Ultra-deep 3D EM measurements have sensitivity to both rock and fluid properties within the EM field volume. They can, therefore, be applied to mapping both the internal reservoir structure and the oil-water contacts in the field. The enhanced imaging provided by the 3D inversion technology has allowed the interpretation of what appears to be laterally stacked turbidite channel fill deposits within a cross-axial amalgamated reservoir section. Accurate imaging of these elements has provided strong evidence of this depositional mechanism for the first time and added structural control in an area with little or no seismic signal.

Setting a New Standard: PDC Bits Equipped with Compact Vibration Recorders Monitor Entire Run and Reveal Stick-Slip Mitigation System Dysfunction and Downhole Motor Under Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Pelfrene ◽  
Bruno Cuilier ◽  
Dhaker Ezzeddine ◽  
Alfazazi Dourfaye ◽  
Dimo Dimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Horizontal Drain ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Sensor Package

AbstractDownhole vibration measurements are used real-time and post-run to monitor drilling dynamics. Real-time monitoring tools are applied to facilitate immediate corrective actions but their deployment adds operational constraints and costs. This paper describes a new high-capability vibration recorder embedded in the drill bit as a standard component. The analysis of two case studies in the Middle East shows how memory devices available at a reduced cost and on every run are a valuable option for many appraisal or development wells.Developing a fleet of reliable downhole recording tools typically takes years and involves teams of experts in various fields. The paper describes the strategy followed by a drill bit manufacturer to develop and deploy a compact, high capability and cost-effective vibration recorder to provide continuous readings of accelerations, rotation speed (RPM) and temperature at 100Hz and over 250 hours. Sensors and batteries have been packaged to fit into the drill bit shank or elsewhere in the bottom hole assembly (BHA). The recording starts automatically and thus removes the need for onsite personnel. The paper also presents proprietary data analytics software used to retrieve, process and synchronize the recorded data with other available data (mud logs, Measurement/Logging While Drilling logs) and to present critical drilling events.In the first application, the 8 ½-in. bit drilled a 20,000 ft horizontal drain. More than 250 hr of data were recorded showing intense levels of stick-slip. During the entire run, the drilling team deployed several strategies to mitigate stick-slip, including the use of two surface-based stick-slip mitigation systems. The analysis shows that these systems are sometimes unsuccessful in mitigating stick-slip and are difficult to calibrate. It is demonstrated how the vibration recorder may contribute to fine tuning these mitigation efforts through optimization of their settings. In the second application, the vibration recorder was mounted on a 12 1/4-in. bit used to drill 5,000 ft through cement and formation. The analysis shows the motor was subjected to erratic RPM cycles, leading to frequent stalls and acceleration peaks during the run. It is shown how motor performance then decreased consistently during the last hundreds of feet of the section and how this affected rate of penetration (ROP).Deployment of a vibration recorder over the entire drill bit manufacturer's fleet allows continuous monitoring of critical drilling issues and malfunctions related to a variety of drilling equipment that enables the operator to improve drilling performance. The bit-sensor package makes high frequency data systematically available at a reduced cost for every drilling application.

Successful Implementation of Real-Time Look-Ahead Resistivity Measurements in the North Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Khalil ◽  
Jean Seydoux ◽  
Jeanmi Denichou ◽  
Dzevat Omeragic ◽  
Diogo Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
The North ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Seismic-While-Drilling in Kuwait Results and Applications

GeoArabia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-550
Author(s):  
Osman S. Khaled ◽  
Alaa M. Al-Ateeqi ◽  
Andrew R. James ◽  
Richard J. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Oil Company

ABSTRACT During early 1994, Kuwait Oil Company and Schlumberger completed an extensive study of the Seismic-While-Drilling technique in two development wells in the Raudhatain field of North Kuwait. Seismic-While-Drilling records the energy radiated from a working drillbit (utilized as a seismic source), with receivers placed at the surface. This technology provides well seismic information such as checkshot and look ahead Vertical Seismic Profiling services at the wellsite, in real-time. The technique does not interfere with the drilling process nor does it require deploying any downhole hardware. The result of the study is that the Seismic-While-Drilling technique can work successfully in the Raudhatain field.

scholarly journals Examining the contribution of near real-time data for rapid seismic loss assessment of structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172199621
Author(s):  
Enrico Tubaldi ◽  
Ekin Ozer ◽  
John Douglas ◽  
Pierre Gehl
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Seismic Damage Assessment

This study proposes a probabilistic framework for near real-time seismic damage assessment that exploits heterogeneous sources of information about the seismic input and the structural response to the earthquake. A Bayesian network is built to describe the relationship between the various random variables that play a role in the seismic damage assessment, ranging from those describing the seismic source (magnitude and location) to those describing the structural performance (drifts and accelerations) as well as relevant damage and loss measures. The a priori estimate of the damage, based on information about the seismic source, is updated by performing Bayesian inference using the information from multiple data sources such as free-field seismic stations, global positioning system receivers and structure-mounted accelerometers. A bridge model is considered to illustrate the application of the framework, and the uncertainty reduction stemming from sensor data is demonstrated by comparing prior and posterior statistical distributions. Two measures are used to quantify the added value of information from the observations, based on the concepts of pre-posterior variance and relative entropy reduction. The results shed light on the effectiveness of the various sources of information for the evaluation of the response, damage and losses of the considered bridge and on the benefit of data fusion from all considered sources.

An automatic seismic signal detection algorithm based on the Walsh transform

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1360
Author(s):  
Tom Goforth ◽  
Eugene Herrin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Machine Language ◽  
Walsh Transform ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Short Period

abstract An automatic seismic signal detection algorithm based on the Walsh transform has been developed for short-period data sampled at 20 samples/sec. Since the amplitude of Walsh function is either +1 or −1, the Walsh transform can be accomplished in a computer with a series of shifts and fixed-point additions. The savings in computation time makes it possible to compute the Walsh transform and to perform prewhitening and band-pass filtering in the Walsh domain with a microcomputer for use in real-time signal detection. The algorithm was initially programmed in FORTRAN on a Raytheon Data Systems 500 minicomputer. Tests utilizing seismic data recorded in Dallas, Albuquerque, and Norway indicate that the algorithm has a detection capability comparable to a human analyst. Programming of the detection algorithm in machine language on a Z80 microprocessor-based computer has been accomplished; run time on the microcomputer is approximately 110 real time. The detection capability of the Z80 version of the algorithm is not degraded relative to the FORTRAN version.

Underbalanced Drilling with Coiled Tubing: A Case Study on the Alaskan North Slope, Which Proves the Benefits of Drilling a Straight Hole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Miszewski ◽  
Adam Miszewski ◽  
Richard Stevens ◽  
Matteo Gemignani
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
The North ◽  
North Slope Of Alaska ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Alaskan North Slope ◽  
Future Work

Abstract A set of 5 wells were to be drilled with directional Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) on the North Slope of Alaska. The particular challenges of these wells were the fact that the desired laterals were targeted to be at least 6000ft long, at a shallow depth. Almost twice the length of laterals that are regularly drilled at deeper depths. The shallow depth meant that 2 of the 5 wells involved a casing exit through 3 casings which had never been attempted before. After drilling, the wells were completed with a slotted liner, run on coiled tubing. This required a very smooth and straight wellbore so that the liner could be run as far as the lateral had been drilled. Various methods were considered to increase lateral reach, including, running an extended reach tool, using friction reducer, increasing the coiled tubing size and using a drilling Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) that could drill a very straight well path. All of these options were modelled with tubing forces software, and their relative effectiveness was evaluated. The drilling field results easily exceeded the minimum requirements for success. This project demonstrated record breaking lateral lengths, a record length of liner run on coiled tubing in a single run, and a triple casing exit. The data gained from this project can be used to fine-tune the modelling for future work of a similar nature.

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