Development of Drilling Fluid Advisory System Utilizing Bayesian Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Al-Yami ◽  
Vikrant B Wagle ◽  
Mohammed Murif Al-Rubaii ◽  
Ziaudeen Abubacker
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Bayesian Decision Network ◽  
The Right

Abstract Using the right drilling fluid with optimal rheology and filtration properties is one of the most important factors in successful drilling and completion operations. Designing the right drilling fluid depends on a variety of factors viz. formation lithology, wellbore geometry, temperature, pressure, and drilling objectives. To the best of the author's knowledge there is no standard drilling fluid advisory system to aid drilling engineers and scientists to formulate effective drilling fluids systems for the entire well sections. The paper describes a drilling fluid advisory system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. The advisory system includes a Bayesian decision network (BDN) model that receives inputs and outputs recommendations based on Bayesian probability determinations. This advisory system has been designed to aid drilling engineers when designing drilling fluids for their operations. This paper describes a module that was created in this advisory system. This module was created based on several inputs viz. well geometry (vertical and horizontal), temperature, pressure, productivity. To create the drilling fluids module within the advisory system, a number of drilling fluid specialists/experts were interviewed to gather the information required to determine the best practices as a function of the above inputs. These best practices were then used to build decision trees that would allow the user to take an elementary data set and end up with a decision that honors the best practices. The designing process of this advisory system also included a number of standard lab tests that start from quality assurance, initial designing and finally using field samples to confirm the success of the application. The study also discusses several field cases that validate the drilling fluids advisory system. The novel drilling fluid advisory system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence has been designed to aid drilling engineers and scientists to formulate effective drilling fluids systems for the entire well sections.

A Generalized Model for the Field Assessment of Drilling Fluid Viscoelasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hongbo ◽  
Okesanya Temi ◽  
Kuru Ergun ◽  
Heath Garett ◽  
Hadley Dylan
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Fluid Elasticity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract Recent studies highlight the significant role of drilling fluid elasticity in particle suspension and hole cleaning during drilling operations. Traditional methods to quantify fluid elasticity require the use of advanced rheometers not suitable for field application. The main objectives of the study were to develop a generalized model for determining viscoelasticity of a drilling fluid using standard field-testing equipment, investigate the factors influencing drilling fluid viscoelasticity in the field, and provide an understanding of the viscoelasticity concept. Over 80 fluid formulations used in this study included field samples of oil-based drilling fluids as well as laboratory samples formulated with bentonite and other polymers such as partially-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, synthesized xanthan gum, and polyacrylic acid. Detailed rheological characterizations of these fluids used a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. Elastic properties of the drilling fluids (quantified in terms of the energy required to cause an irreversible deformation in the fluid's structure) were obtained from oscillatory tests conducted using a cone-and-plate type rheometer. Using an empirical approach, a non-iterative model for quantifying elasticity correlated test results from a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. The generalized model was able to predict the elasticity of drilling fluids with a mean absolute error of 5.75%. In addition, the model offers practical versatility by requiring only standard drilling fluid testing equipment to predict viscoelasticity. Experimental results showed that non-aqueous fluid (NAF) viscoelasticity is inversely proportional to the oil-water ratio and the presence of clay greatly debilitates the elasticity of the samples while enhancing their viscosity. The work efforts present a model for estimating drilling fluid elasticity using standard drilling fluid field-testing equipment. Furthermore, a revised approach helps to describe the viscoelastic property of a fluid that involves quantifying the amount of energy required to irreversibly deform a unit volume of viscoelastic fluid. The methodology, combined with the explanation of the viscoelasticity concept, provides a practical tool for optimizing drilling operations based on the viscoelasticity of drilling fluids.

Well Control Simulation With Nonaqueous Drilling Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Chagas ◽  
Paulo R. Ribeiro ◽  
Otto L. A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract The demand for energy has increased recently worldwide, requiring new oilfield discoveries to supply this need. Following this demand increase, challenges grow in all areas of the petroleum industry especially those related to drilling operations. Due to hard operational conditions found when drilling complex scenarios such as high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) zones, deep and ultradeep water, and other challenges, the use nonaqueous drilling fluids became a must. The reason for that is because this kind of drilling fluid is capable to tolerate these extreme drilling conditions found in those scenarios. However, it can experience changes in its properties as a result of pressure and temperature variations, requiring special attention during some drilling operations, such as the well control. The well control is a critical issue since it involves safety, social, economic, and environmental aspects. Well control simulators are a valuable tool to support well control operations and preserve the well integrity, verifying operational parameters and to assist drilling engineers in the decision-making process during well control operations and kick situations. They are also important computational tools for rig personnel training. This study presents well control research and development contributions, as well as the results of a computational well control simulator that applies the Driller's method and allows the understanding the thermodynamic behavior of synthetic drilling fluids, such as n-paraffin and ester base fluids. The simulator employed mathematical correlations for the drilling fluids pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) properties obtained from the experimental data. The simulator results were compared to a test well data set as well to the published results from other kick simulators.

Well Control Simulation With Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Chagas ◽  
Paulo R. Ribeiro ◽  
Otto L. A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract The demand for energy has increased recently worldwide, requiring new oilfield discoveries in order to supply this need. Following this demand increase, challenges grow in all areas of the petroleum industry especially those related drilling operations. Due to hard operational conditions found when drilling complex scenarios such as high pressure/high temperature zones, deep and ultradeep waters and other challenging ones, the use non-aqueous drilling fluids became a must. The reason for that is because this kind of drilling fluid is capable to tolerate these extreme drilling conditions found in those scenarios. However, it can experience changes in its properties as results of pressure and temperature variations, requiring special attention during some drilling operations, such as the well control. The well control is a critical issue since it involves safety, social, economic and environmental aspects. To support well control operations and preserve the well integrity, well control simulators are very useful to verify operational parameters and to assist drilling engineers in the decision making process during well control operations and kick situations. Well control simulators are also important computational tools for rig personnel training. This work presents well control research and development contributions, as well as the results of a computational well control simulator that applies the Driller’s Method and allows the understanding the thermodynamic behavior of synthetic drilling fluids, such as n-paraffin and ester base fluids. The simulator employed mathematical correlations for the drilling fluids PVT properties obtained from experimental data.The simulator results were compared to a test well data set, as well to published results from other kick simulators.

Reproducibility and efficiency in handling complex neurophysiological data

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Denker ◽  
Sonja Grün ◽  
Thomas Wachtler ◽  
Hansjörg Scherberger
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Behavioral Neuroscience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Publication ◽  
Electrophysiological Data ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Community Effort

Abstract Preparing a neurophysiological data set with the aim of sharing and publishing is hard. Many of the available tools and services to provide a smooth workflow for data publication are still in their maturing stages and not well integrated. Also, best practices and concrete examples of how to create a rigorous and complete package of an electrophysiology experiment are still lacking. Given the heterogeneity of the field, such unifying guidelines and processes can only be formulated together as a community effort. One of the goals of the NFDI-Neuro consortium initiative is to build such a community for systems and behavioral neuroscience. NFDI-Neuro aims to address the needs of the community to make data management easier and to tackle these challenges in collaboration with various international initiatives (e.g., INCF, EBRAINS). This will give scientists the opportunity to spend more time analyzing the wealth of electrophysiological data they leverage, rather than dealing with data formats and data integrity.

scholarly journals How To Publish: Preparing Manuscripts for Clarity, Transparency, Scholarly Integrity, and Success

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 858-858
Author(s):  
Suzanne Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Open Science ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Scholarly Writing ◽  
Annual Symposium ◽  
The Right

Abstract The GSA publications team sponsors this annual symposium to assist prospective authors to successfully publish their gerontological scholarship in GSA’s high impact and influential journals. The first part of the session will include five brief presentations from the Editors-in-chief of Journals of Gerontology-Series B, Social and Psychological Sciences, The Gerontologist, and Innovation in Aging, plus one of GSA’s managing editors. We will integrate practical tips with principles of publication ethics and scholarly integrity. The topics will be as follows: (1) preparing your manuscript, including how to choose the right journal; (2) strong and ethical scholarly writing for multidisciplinary audiences; (3) transparency, documentation, and Open Science; (4) successfully responding to reviews; and (5) working with Scholar One. Following these presentations, we will hold round table discussions with editors from the GSA journals portfolio. At these roundtables, editors will answer questions related to the podium presentations and other questions specific to each journal. Intended audiences include emerging and international scholars, and authors interested in learning more about best practices and tips for getting their scholarly work published.

scholarly journals Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1435-1441
Author(s):  
Yonggui Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Yongjun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Emulsion Drops ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Building Capability ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

AbstractTraditional water-in-oil drilling fluids are limited by their shear thinning behavior. In this article, we propose the synthesis of a thermal resistant quaternary ammonium salt gemini surfactant DQGE-I. This surfactant was synthesized using monomers such as N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, organic acids and epichlorohydrin, as well as blocking groups such as N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). The prepared surfactant exhibited various advantages over traditional surfactants, including excellent thermal stability, good emulsifying and wetting capability. The use of these surfactants was shown to improve the compactness of emulsifier molecules at the oil/water interface, as well as the overall emulsificaiton effect. Laboratory studies revealed that water-in-oil emulsions prepared using DQGE-I showed high emulsion breaking voltage, low liquid precipitation and small and uniformly distributed emulsion drops. Highly thixotropic water-in-oil drilling fluids based on DQGE-I showed low viscosity, high shear rate and thermal tolerance up to 260oC. Additionally, the proposed fluid was applied in 16 wells (including WS1-H2, GS3 and XS1-H8) in the Daqing Oilfield. Testing showed that DQGE-1 exhibited excellent rheological behavior and wall-building capability. The emulsion breaking voltage exceeded 1500 V, and the yield point/ plastic viscosity ratio exceeded 0.4. The use of this surfactant can help to solve problems such as high formation temperature and poor well wall stability.

scholarly journals Establishing a baseline of science communication skills in an undergraduate environmental science course

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Shivni ◽  
Christina Cline ◽  
Morgan Newport ◽  
Shupei Yuan ◽  
Heather E. Bergan-Roller
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Undergraduate Science ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Seminal reports, based on recommendations by educators, scientists, and in collaboration with students, have called for undergraduate curricula to engage students in some of the same practices as scientists—one of which is communicating science with a general, non-scientific audience (SciComm). Unfortunately, very little research has focused on helping students develop these skills. An important early step in creating effective and efficient curricula is understanding what baseline skills students have prior to instruction. Here, we used the Essential Elements for Effective Science Communication (EEES) framework to survey the SciComm skills of students in an environmental science course in which they had little SciComm training. Results Our analyses revealed that, despite not being given the framework, students included several of the 13 elements, especially those which were explicitly asked for in the assignment instructions. Students commonly targeted broad audiences composed of interested adults, aimed to increase the knowledge and awareness of their audience, and planned and executed remote projects using print on social media. Additionally, students demonstrated flexibility in their skills by slightly differing their choices depending on the context of the assignment, such as creating more engaging content than they had planned for. Conclusions The students exhibited several key baseline skills, even though they had minimal training on the best practices of SciComm; however, more support is required to help students become better communicators, and more work in different contexts may be beneficial to acquire additional perspectives on SciComm skills among a variety of science students. The few elements that were not well highlighted in the students’ projects may not have been as intuitive to novice communicators. Thus, we provide recommendations for how educators can help their undergraduate science students develop valuable, prescribed SciComm skills. Some of these recommendations include helping students determine the right audience for their communication project, providing opportunities for students to try multiple media types, determining the type of language that is appropriate for the audience, and encouraging students to aim for a mix of communication objectives. With this guidance, educators can better prepare their students to become a more open and communicative generation of scientists and citizens.

scholarly journals Wet Drilled Cuttings Bed Rheology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Camilo Pedrosa ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Cuttings Bed

The cuttings transport efficiency of various drilling fluids has been studied in several approaches. This is an important aspect, since hole cleaning is often a bottleneck in well construction. The studies so far have targeted the drilling fluid cuttings’ transport capability through experiments, simulations or field data. Observed differences in the efficiency due to changes in the drilling fluid properties and compositions have been reported but not always fully understood. In this study, the cuttings bed, wetted with a single drilling fluid, was evaluated. The experiments were performed with parallel plates in an Anton Paar Physica 301 rheometer. The results showed systematic differences in the internal friction behaviors between tests of beds with oil-based and beds with water-based fluids. The observations indicated that cutting beds wetted with a polymeric water-based fluid released clusters of particles when external forces overcame the bonding forces and the beds started to break up. Similarly, it was observed that an oil-based fluid wetted bed allowed particles to break free as single particles. These findings may explain the observed differences in previous cutting transport studies.

An Aid in Selecting the Brand, Size and Other Strategic Choices for a Hotel

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Morey ◽  
David A. Dittman
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

The “go/no-go” decision for a candidate property, i.e., whether or not to actually acquire the site, choose the brand (flag), build and operate the hotel, requires the explicit consideration of the interconnectedness of the many myriad elements affecting the property's potential profits. The many facility design decisions (number and mix of rooms, capacity for F&B operations etc.) as well as other strategic choices (e.g., size of marketing program, level of service aimed for) must recognize the site's competitive features and interactions with the above. Also, the particular design and operational features for a given property will affect its different revenue streams, fixed and variable costs, efficiency and profits. The authors consider developers contemplating acquiring a given site, choosing a brand, building and operating a new hotel. They offer a normative approach for this type of decision which arrives endogenously at possibly attractive options for the brand, design and strategic choices for the site. The final decision as to which option to actually use, if any, should be based on subjecting the above identified scenarios, as well as others, to traditional feasibility analyses where judgment and expert opinion are applied. The authors' implementable approach integrates a “best practices” benchmarking methodology with regression analysis to yield a mathematical programming optimization model. A key advantage of this approach lies in its contrast to conventional approaches for site selection which often ignore the more detailed design and strategic choices. The approach deals explicitly with the complex interfaces between marketing and operations management as the endogenous site and competitive environmental factors interact with the endogenous brand and facility design choices. By identifying attractive options to be further explored (that might otherwise be overlooked), several types of errors are avoided: i) an incorrect “go/no go” decision could be recommended for the site in question; ii) even if the right decision to proceed is made, the forecasted level of annualized profits could be in error, leading to an incorrect priority for the activity; iii) the incorrect brand and facility design choices could be made for the site. Other key advantages of the suggested approach are that 1) various substitution possibilities (between more or less capital, labor, materials etc.) are considered; 2) not only is the best brand and configuration identified, but also a ranking of other brands is available if the “best” brand is not available; 3) the “best practices” at other specific sites (which serve as the basis for the recommendations) are identified, thereby enabling management (possibly through site visits) to isolate the actual cultures, processes and procedures to be transported and emulated at the candidate site. This paper illustrates the approach for two different sites.

Development of a Reproducible Method of Formulating and Testing Drilling Fluids

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Sinha ◽  
Harvey T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Asymptotic Values

Abstract Recommendations are made for obtaining consistent and reproducible test data on drilling fluids having identical composition. Previously, such a procedure has been difficult to accomplish even when the fluids were mixed in similar equipment. A survey of work in this area indicates that previous methods have been unsatisfactory because previous methods have been unsatisfactory because (1) the muds are extremely sensitive to the duration and violence of agitation during a normal mixing routine, and (2) gelling of the muds occurs before the properties can reach constant values. This gelling is caused by water evaporation resulting from the increase in temperature associated with the agitation. The work shows that these problems largely can be overcome by (1) agitating the constituents of the drilling fluid more vigorously, (2) maintaining a fairly constant temperature, and(3) Protecting the fluid from evaporation. When these steps are followed, the fluid properties approach asymptotic values that do not change by prolonged or accelerated agitation or by aging for a month. The time required to reach asymptotic values or a stabilized state is from 2 to 6 hours and is a function of the mud composition. Introduction Preparation of drilling fluids in the laboratory to determine their suitability to meet specific drilling requirements or to serve as a base fluid to evaluate the effectiveness of thinners, dispersants or other additives normally begins with combining measured quantities of the constituents and stirring them for a short time in a low-speed mixer. This is done to obtain a uniform mixture and to hydrate clays. Then the fluid is further agitated in a higher-speed device (Hamilton Beach mixer or Waring blender) to disperse more thoroughly and clay particles The biggest obstacle in the laboratory investigation of drilling fluids has been the lack of a method of producing a mixture by which reproducible results of the measured properties could be obtained. Numerous investigators have encountered this difficulty. Prior to 1929, density was the only property of mud that customarily was measured. The use of Wyoming bentonite on a large scale after 1929 was mainly responsible for the development of more elaborate testing procedures and for the application of the principles of colloid chemistry to the drilling fluids. Ambrose and Loomis in 1931 were among the first to recognize the plastic flow characteristics of drilling fluids, although Bingham in 1916 had observed The same phenomenon with dilute clay suspensions. Marsh introduced the Marsh funnel for field testing in 1931. By this time, non-Newtonian characteristics of drilling fluids were established. The Stormer and MacMichael viscometers were used to study the rheological properties of the fluids. In the 1930's and early 1940's, the work conducted by several investigators contributed toward a better understanding of drilling fluids. In the mid 1930's, fluid-loss and the associated mud-cake-forming properties of drilling fluids were recognized as important to the behavior of these fluids. The other properties of drilling fluids, including gel strength, pH, and sand content soon were recognized. In 1937, API published its first recommended procedure for test methods. Since that time, these procedures have been revised periodically. The latest edition, RP-13B, was published in 1961 However, in spite of the recognized need for a method of mixing that provides drilling fluids with stabilized properties, no such method previously has been described. SPEJ P. 403

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