Selection of Biopolymers and Lubricants to Mitigate Stabilization of Gas/Air Entrapment in ERD Wells: Offshore Abu Dhabi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haddad ◽  
Khalid Ahmed Alwahedi ◽  
Osama Mohamed Al Hilali ◽  
Maurizio Cesetti ◽  
Mhammed Benygzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Gas Entrapment ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The paper will present lessons learnt to mitigate the stabilization of the air/gas entering into lubricious biopolymer water-based system which decreased density of mud while drilling. The system selected for its highly lubricious properties and formation damage free properties to accommodate the usage of resistivity equipment provided excellent results in the field. Performance was almost equivalent to non-aqueous drilling fluid. However, the stabilization of gas/air entering the mud was encountered generating drilling troubles and risk of well control problems. An extensive study performed, consisted of assessing interactions between components and containments of the mud system with gas/air, crude-oil and drill solids introduced from the reservoir. The testing involved the adding of air from air-compressor for 60-second while mud sample is sheared at 6000 rpm. The mud weights of samples were measured before addition of air, right after and 60-second after the aeration. The percentage of density drop was calculated. Target value was maximum drop of 5% within 60 second after stopping the addition of air. Several combinations of polymers, lubricants, contaminants and other additives were evaluated. The study demonstrated that the interactions between crude-oil, polymers and lubricants can highly stabilize air/gas entrapment in the biopolymer water base mud system. The phenomena led to significant density decrease, drilling troubles, well control and safety issue in the field. They can also increase the viscosity of the biopolymer mud system. However, highly stabilized air/gas entrapment can be removed by the addition of emulsion breaker at concentration less than 1.5%vol of mud. In addition, the type and nature of the lubricant plays a major role in the stabilization of air/gas entrapment. The selection of the polymers should be combined with the choice of lubricant during the design phase to minimize the gas entrapment. Knowledge gained from the study establish a new testing protocol to assess in the laboratory the air/gas entrapment close to field shear conditions. The testing protocol showed good correlation with the field. The testing protocol can be used during the design phase or for investigations. It will improve the overall design of mud system where highly lubricious fluid is needed. Combination of polymers and lubricants did also provide low air/gas entrapment tendency.

Development of a Performance-Related Framework for Asphalt Mixture Design for the Illinois Tollway

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110148
Author(s):  
Behnam Jahangiri ◽  
Punyaslok Rath ◽  
Hamed Majidifard ◽  
William G. Buttlar
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
T Test ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Final Adjustment ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Various agencies have begun to research and introduce performance-related specifications (PRS) for the design of modern asphalt paving mixtures. The focus of most recent studies has been directed toward simplified cracking test development and evaluation. In some cases, development and validation of PRS has been performed, building on these new tests, often by comparison of test values to accelerated pavement test studies and/or to limited field data. This study describes the findings of a comprehensive research project conducted at Illinois Tollway, leading to a PRS for the design of mainline and shoulder asphalt mixtures. A novel approach was developed, involving the systematic establishment of specification requirements based on: 1) selection of baseline values based on minimally acceptable field performance thresholds; 2) elevation of thresholds to account for differences between short-term lab aging and expected long-term field aging; 3) further elevation of thresholds to account for variability in lab testing, plus variability in the testing of field cores; and 4) final adjustment and rounding of thresholds based on a consensus process. After a thorough evaluation of different candidate cracking tests in the course of the project, the Disk-shaped Compact Tension—DC(T)—test was chosen to be retained in the Illinois Tollway PRS and to be presented in this study for the design of crack-resistant mixtures. The DC(T) test was selected because of its high degree of correlation with field results and its excellent repeatability. Tailored Hamburg rut depth and stripping inflection point thresholds were also established for mainline and shoulder mixes.

An extensive study of the foraging ecology of beavers (Castor canadensis) in relation to habitat quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gallant ◽  
C H Bérubé ◽  
E Tremblay ◽  
L Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Foraging Theory ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Partial View ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to examine the foraging behaviour of the beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) and to explain its selection of terrestrial woody plant species according to central place foraging theory. Limitations in variety of food items in most studies with regard to size and (or) distance from the central place and information on availability of forage choices give a partial view of the subject. In this study, the theory is tested in a natural environment with high variability in food items with regard to these factors. Foraging choices by beavers were inspected by measuring variables on cut and uncut trees of every species encountered within 1 m of trail systems made by 25 beaver colonies in Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick, Canada, thereby quantifying the availability of the different food items. The effect of habitat quality (food availability) on the foraging behaviour of beavers was also tested. The results of this study suggest that with increasing distance from the pond, beavers in high-quality habitats selected fewer, but larger, trees and are more species selective. This selectivity was diminished in habitats of lower quality. The results of this study are consistent with the predictions of the central foraging theory.

Low ECD High Performance Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids: Lab Development and Field Deployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Wagle ◽  
Abdullah Yami ◽  
Michael Onoriode ◽  
Jacques Butcher ◽  
Nivika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Permeability Studies

Abstract The present paper describes the results of the formulation of an acid-soluble low ECD organoclay-free invert emulsion drilling fluid formulated with acid soluble manganese tetroxide and a specially designed bridging package. The paper also presents a short summary of field applications to date. The novel, non-damaging fluid has superior rheology resulting in lower ECD, excellent suspension properties for effective hole cleaning and barite-sag resistance while also reducing the risk of stuck pipe in high over balance applications. 95pcf high performance invert emulsion fluid (HPIEF) was formulated using an engineered bridging package comprising of acid-soluble bridging agents and an acid-soluble weighting agent viz. manganese tetroxide. The paper describes the filtration and rheological properties of the HPIEF after hot rolling at 300oF. Different tests such as contamination testing, sag-factor analysis, high temperature-high pressure rheology measurements and filter-cake breaking studies at 300oF were performed on the HPIEF. The 95pcf fluid was also subjected to particle plugging experiments to determine the invasion characteristics and the non-damaging nature of the fluids. The 95pcf HPIEF exhibited optimal filtration properties at high overbalance conditions. The low PV values and rheological profile support low ECDs while drilling. The static aging tests performed on the 95pcf HPIEF resulted in a sag factor of less than 0.53, qualifying the inherent stability for expected downhole conditions. The HPIEF demonstrated resilience to contamination testing with negligible change in properties. Filter-cake breaking experiments performed using a specially designed breaker fluid system gave high filter-cake breaking efficiency. Return permeability studies were performed with the HPIEF against synthetic core material, results of which confirmed the non-damaging design of the fluid. The paper thus demonstrates the superior performance of the HPIEF in achieving the desired lab and field performance.

Interdisciplinary Approach for Wellbore Stability During Slimhole Drilling at Volga-Urals Basin Oilfield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vladimirovna Norkina ◽  
Sergey Mihailovich Karpukhin ◽  
Konstantin Urjevich Ruban ◽  
Yuriy Anatoljevich Petrakov ◽  
Alexey Evgenjevich Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Fluid Rheology ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The design features and the need to use a water-based solution make the task of ensuring trouble-free drilling of vertical wells non-trivial. This work is an example of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the mechanisms of instability of the wellbore. Instability can be caused by a complex of reasons, in this case, standard geomechanical calculations are not enough to solve the problem. Engineering calculations and laboratory chemical studies are integrated into the process of geomechanical modeling. The recommendations developed in all three areas are interdependent and inseparable from each other. To achieve good results, it is necessary to comply with a set of measures at the same time. The key tasks of the project were: determination of drilling density, tripping the pipe conditions, parameters of the drilling fluid rheology, selection of a system for the best inhibition of clay swelling.

Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Riser Gas Unloading Problem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kiran ◽  
Saeed Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Comparative Results

Pushing the boundaries of oil and gas exploration and development to new frontiers have led to exposure and more significant uncertainties, which necessitates robust strategies and techniques. With the increasing water depth, longer risers, and harsh pressure and temperature conditions; the risk of riser gas getting undetected get bigger. The lack of an integrated system to anticipate the controlling parameters at the choke below the BOP constrains the tackling operations and exacerbate the side effects of oil and gas well blowouts. This leads to an urgent need for an extensive study to address the riser gas unloading (RGU) events. This study encompasses the development of a robust model that can characterize the effect of different parameters such as temperature, mud types, back pressure, and solubility in RGU events. It also presents comparative results of oil-based and water-based mud systems, using a novel tool based on analytical and numerical models. The analytical model is constructed using combined gas law, heat transfer mechanism, and gas solubility and bubble point pressure concepts. Results suggest that the oil-based mud (OBM) takes more time for gas unloading in comparison to the water-based mud. Also, a significant deviation was observed in unloading patterns while considering temperature effect. For the drilling fluid without temperature consideration, the gas unloading occur in a smaller span of time and at a higher depth. Overall, this paper will demonstrate the effect of different parameters affecting the gas unloading in the riser, and present a comparative study of different parameters using an analytical which can be used in the field to get an idea of gas prior to any response for abnormality.

LIGULE: An evaluation of indigenous perennial grasses for dryland salinity management in south-eastern Australia. 2. Field performance and the selection of promising ecotypes

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Mitchell ◽  
T. B. Koen ◽  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
D. B. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Salinity Management ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Broad Overview ◽  
South Eastern Australia

This paper reports the results of an initial evaluation of a large collection of Australian perennial native grasses. The overall aim of the research was to identify accessions that may be useful for pastoral purposes and for controlling land degradation on hill-lands in the high (>500 mm) rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Accessions (807) representing 37 target species were established in spaced plant nurseries at Rutherglen and Wagga Wagga. Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Porto and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad) Nees. Complex cv. Consol were established as comparator (control) species. A range of attributes was observed over a 2-year period (19900—1992), including persistence, vigour, productivity, palatability, morphology, and characteristics related to seed production. Accessions were initially culled on the basis of their persistence. Data for a range of attributes were separately analysed using pattern analysis to provide a broad overview of the performance and characteristics of the remaining accessions. A number of selection criteria were applied which resulted in selection of a promising group of 20 accessions (12 species from 8 genera). The promising group of accessions will be evaluated further at field sites typical of hilly landscapes in the 500mp;mdash;600 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Data Size Requirement for Forecasting Daily Crude Oil Price with Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-388
Author(s):  
Serkan Aras ◽  
Manel Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Selection Of

When the literature regarding applications of neural networks is investigated, it appears that a substantial issue is what size the training data should be when modelling a time series through neural networks. The aim of this paper is to determine the size of training data to be used to construct a forecasting model via a multiple-breakpoint test and compare its performance with two general methods, namely, using all available data and using just two years of data. Furthermore, the importance of the selection of the final neural network model is investigated in detail. The results obtained from daily crude oil prices indicate that the data from the last structural change lead to simpler architectures of neural networks and have an advantage in reaching more accurate forecasts in terms of MAE value. In addition, the statistical tests show that there is a statistically significant interaction between data size and stopping rule.

scholarly journals THE METHODS OF JUSTIFICATION OF SELECTION OF EFFICIENT REAGENTS FOR THE DRILLING PROCESS FLUID

2016 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
V. P. Ovchinnikov ◽  
A. F. Semenenko ◽  
P. V. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Process Fluid ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Selection Of

The method of reducing the number of ingredients in the composition of the solution was proposed. Cost reduction for preparation of drilling fluid was analyzed, improved conditions for the control and management of its parameters. The 12 most effective polymers were recommended to be implemented..The simplicity of the algorithm above process is not particularly difficult. Based on this, special software might be created for using in design institutes and educational institutions.

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