Precise Engineering Design and Technology Integration Delivers the First Successful Shoe to Shoe Run that Enhanced Drilling Efficiency in Highly Intercalated Formations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ara Krikor ◽  
Martin Sanderson ◽  
Lizeth Merino ◽  
Praveen Benny ◽  
Sameh Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Drilling Parameter

Abstract Drilling highly intercalated formations with Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bits has been a challenge in few Southern Iraqi Fields. The established drilling practice for the 17.5-in section has been a two-run strategy - Top section formation is mostly dolomite intercalated with anhydrite drilled with a Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) bit, then trip out of hole to change to a PDC bit and drill to section TD. The upper section comprises highly intercalated formations known to induce severe bit and BHA damage. The application of new Conical Diamond Elements (CDEs) backing up traditional PDC cutters on the bit blades had significantly improved bit durability in the bottom half of the section. The subsequent challenge was to apply this CDE technology onto an optimized PDC chassis and achieve a single run section thus eliminating a trip for bit change as well as improving overall Rate of Penetration (ROP) of the section. A Bit and drill string optimization exercise was initiated by the Technology Integration Center to develop a new PDC bit design that could deliver a shoe-to-shoe section. Analysis of offset well data highlighted the need for greater cutter redundancy on the bit to survive high impact loading and optimized cutter arrangement to minimize bit induced instability while drilling through intercalations with highly fluctuating rock strengths. A finite element analysis (FEA)-based modelling system was used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of multiple bit design configurations in various rock scenarios and narrow down to the optimum design for the challenge. The optimization exercise shortlisted a PDC bit design characterized by 8 Blades, 16-mm PDC cutters and CDEs backing-up the nose and shoulder PDC cutting structure. A detailed drilling parameter road map was also generated to ensure optimum drilling parameter application for shoe-to-shoe assurance. The new bit drilled the entire section in single run with a field record average on-bottom ROP of 20 m/hr which was a 11% improvement over the best offset performance with a two-bit strategy. In addition, a trip for bit change was eliminated. A minimum saving of 20 rig hours was realized thus reducing section time by almost one day compared to the offset wells. The bit was pulled out of hole with minor cutter damage indicative of efficient drilling dynamics and opportunities for further performance enhancement through improved parameter management, alternate drive systems and high torque drill pipes. This paper further will discuss how the technology integration and precise engineering design can solve complicated on bottom drilling problems and address the problematic challenges of drilling highly intercalated formations. This strategy enabled a significant time and cost saving compared to drilling the section conventionally.

Performance enhancement of normal contact ratio gearing system through correction factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5242-5258
Author(s):  
R. Ravivarman ◽  
K. Palaniradja ◽  
R. Prabhu Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Root Region

As lined, higher transmission ratio drives system will have uneven stresses in the root region of the pinion and wheel. To enrich this agility of uneven stresses in normal-contact ratio (NCR) gearing system, an enhanced system is desirable to be industrialized. To attain this objective, it is proposed to put on the idea of modifying the correction factor in such a manner that the bending strength of the gearing system is improved. In this work, the correction factor is modified in such a way that the stress in the root region is equalized between the pinion and wheel. This equalization of stresses is carried out by providing a correction factor in three circumstances: in pinion; wheel and both the pinion and the wheel. Henceforth performances of this S+, S0 and S- drives are evaluated in finite element analysis (FEA) and compared for balanced root stresses in parallel shaft spur gearing systems. It is seen that the outcomes gained from the modified drive have enhanced performance than the standard drive.

Study on the PDC Bit Optimization Design Based on Rotary Steering Drilling

2013 ◽  
Vol 416-417 ◽  
pp. 1874-1878
Author(s):  
Guang Ming Han
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Parameter Adjustment ◽  
Profile Shape ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Drilling Parameter ◽  
Drilling System ◽  
Gauge Structure ◽  
Design Result

According to a series of characteristics produced from the side cutting in the rotary steering drilling system, PDC bit is improved from the profile shape, cutting structure, and gauge structure. Also, suggestions are proposed according to the drilling parameters of operation. The study result shows that the requirements of the rotary steering drilling system can be fulfilled by PDC bit design result and drilling parameter adjustment.

Finite Element Analysis on Axial-Torsional Coupled Vibration of Drill String

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1952-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liang Bi ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Zhan Lin Wang ◽  
Shi Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Resonance State ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Coupled Vibration ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Drilling String ◽  
Rotary Speed

In the drilling process, axial vibration, transverse vibration and torsional vibration happen to drilling string. And the coupled vibration is more complex. In the resonance state, drilling string collides with the wall, which causes serious damage on drilling string in a short time and results in economic loss to the drilling operation. In this paper, the regularity of coupled vibration is analyzed by using finite element method. The model of full-hole drilling strings is established. The distribution regularities of coupled resonant frequency are obtained through computer analysis. The coupled model is more accurate than single vibration model. And the gaps of high rotary speed resonance regions are larger. Resonance state can be avoided by changing rotary speed, and drilling accidents can be reduced.

Developing TPACK for Elementary Education Teacher Candidates in an Instructional Design and Technology Integration Course

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Polly
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Technology In Schools

This chapter examines how experiences in a course for elementary education teacher candidates supported their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Based on data from teacher candidates and school partners, the author modified course activities and collected data to inform the course. Data analyses indicated that the course refinements positively influenced candidates' development of aspects of TPACK, specifically TPK, PCK, and TPACK. Candidates reported in both iterations of the study that technology was being used in classrooms in ways that did not match what they were learning in courses. Implications include the need to reconcile the divide between research-based instances of technology integration and the actual use of technology in schools in the context of TPACK.

Mathematical Modeling of PDC Bit Drilling Process Based on a Single-Cutter Mechanics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Wojtanowicz ◽  
E. Kuru
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Analytical Development ◽  
Assumed Similarity ◽  
Balance Of Forces ◽  
Bit Life ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

An analytical development of a new mechanistic drilling model for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits is presented. The derivation accounts for static balance of forces acting on a single PDC cutter and is based on assumed similarity between bit and cutter. The model is fully explicit with physical meanings given to all constants and functions. Three equations constitute the mathematical model: torque, drilling rate, and bit life. The equations comprise cutter’s geometry, rock properties drilling parameters, and four empirical constants. The constants are used to match the model to a PDC drilling process. Also presented are qualitative and predictive verifications of the model. Qualitative verification shows that the model’s response to drilling process variables is similar to the behavior of full-size PDC bits. However, accuracy of the model’s predictions of PDC bit performance is limited primarily by imprecision of bit-dull evaluation. The verification study is based upon the reported laboratory drilling and field drilling tests as well as field data collected by the authors.

scholarly journals Improved Tank Car Design Development: Ongoing Studies on Sandwich Structures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Y. Jeong ◽  
David C. Tyrell ◽  
Michael E. Carolan ◽  
A. Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Design Requirements

The Government and industry have a common interest in improving the safety performance of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials. Research is ongoing to develop strategies to maintain the structural integrity of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials (hazmat) during collisions. This paper describes engineering studies on improved tank car concepts. The process used to formulate these concepts is based on a traditional mechanical engineering design approach. This approach includes initially defining the desired performance, developing strategies that are effective in meeting this performance, and developing the tactics for implementing the strategies. The tactics are embodied in the concept. The tactics and concept evolve through engineering design studies, until a design satisfying all of the design requirements is developed. Design requirements include service, manufacturing, maintenance, repair, and inspection requirements, as well as crashworthiness performance requirements. One of the concepts under development encases the pressurized commodity-carrying tank in a separate carbody. Moreover, this improved tank car concept treats the pressurized commodity-carrying tank as a protected entity. Welded steel sandwich structures are examined as a means to offer protection of the commodity tank against penetrations from impacting objects in the event of a collision. Sandwich structures can provide greater strength than solid plates of equal weight. Protection of the tank is realized through blunting of the impacting object and absorption of the collision energy. Blunting distributes impact loads over a larger area of the tank. Energy absorption reduces the demands on the commodity tank in the event of an impact. In addition, the exterior carbody structure made from sandwich panels is designed to take all of the in-service loads, removing the commodity tank from the load path during normal operations. Design studies described in this paper focus on the protection aspect of using sandwich structures. Studies are conducted to investigate the influence of different parameters, such as sandwich height and core geometry, on the force-deformation behavior of sandwich structures. Calculations are carried out numerically using nonlinear finite element analysis. These analyses are used to examine the crashworthiness performance of the conceptual design under generalized impact scenarios.

Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Contact-Impact between Drill String and Wellbore under Air Drilling

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1578-1581
Author(s):  
Ben Fu Yu ◽  
Xiang Zhen Yan ◽  
Xiu Juan Yang ◽  
Gen Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Linear Finite Element ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Air Drilling ◽  
Contact Impact ◽  
Stress And Deformation

The dynamic mechanics model was built up to analyze the contact-impact between drill string and wellbore according to the characteristics of contact-impact, based on non-linear finite element method and Lagrange method. The dynamic mechanics equations were deduced by the dynamic mechanics model. The stress and deformation field of drill string with different parameters of bottom hole were obtained and tested by experiments and numerical simulation respectively. And also, the propagation laws of stress wave generated by contact-impact in drill pipe were studied. The comprehensive results indicate that the numerical results agree well with the actual dynamic process of contact-impact. The stress waves generated by contact-impact cause the change of stress. The contact-impact between drill string and wellbore under air drilling is the main reason for early drill string failure.

Issues in Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Cutter–Rock Interaction From a Metal Machining Point of View—Part II: Bit Performance and Rock Cutting Mechanics

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeng Che ◽  
Peidong Han ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Kornel Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Rock Cutting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Metal Machining ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Rock Cutting Mechanics ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

In Part I of this paper, the issues related to temperature, stress and force were reviewed and parallels were drawn between both metal machining and rock cutting. Part II discusses the issues more directly related to polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit performance and rock mechanics. However, relevant issues in various metal cutting processes will continue to be presented to clarify the gaps and similarities between these two classes of processes.

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