Modeling and Simulation of Asphaltene Inhibition and Remediation Using Aromatic Solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abouie ◽  
Kamy Sepehrnoori
Keyword(s):  
Oil Fields ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Aromatic Solvent ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Intervention Cost ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Side Track

Abstract Asphaltene precipitation and deposition occur in the reservoir, near-wellbore, inside the tubing, and production facilities during primary, secondary, or tertiary production. As more water-flooded oil fields produce under miscible gas flooding, this problem becomes more common around the world. If asphaltene deposition occurs in the reservoir or wellbore, it can severely affect the economics of the field in terms of production loss, intervention cost, and the requirement for chemical additives, if necessary. In some severe cases, intervention would be impossible and side-track well needs to be drilled. Hence, the best strategy for oil production in asphaltenic reservoirs is to control asphaltene precipitation and deposition through prevention and remediation jobs to minimize the number of well shut-ins, the downtime of the wells, and the associated cost. In this paper, we reviewed the common asphaltene prevention and remediation techniques along with their pros and cons. Since removing asphaltene deposits from the problematic wells is relatively expensive and sometimes requires substantial downtime of the well, we focused on one of the prevention techniques (i.e., continuous solvent injection through capillary injection string), which has become more popular, to control asphaltene precipitation in the wellbore. We obtained the physical properties of an aromatic solvent from literature and then characterized it as a component to be used with PC-SAFT EOS. Subsequently, we used the in-house wellbore model to evaluate the effectiveness of the continuous solvent injection with different injection rates on preventing asphaltene precipitation and deposition along the wellbore.

Investigation of the performance of several chemical additives on inhibition of asphaltene precipitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (24) ◽  
pp. 3647-3652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Kashefi ◽  
Abbas Shahrabadi ◽  
Shahin Jahangiri ◽  
Mohammad Nader Lotfollahi ◽  
Hadi Bagherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Additives

scholarly journals The publication of judicial decisions as a reason for convincing precedent

1970 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Roman Sabodash
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
State Register ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The paper shows how the publication of court decisions influenced the formation of a precedent. The author reviewed scientific works devoted to research the precedent in common and continental law. The research explains that the formation of precedent in England was accompanied by development of the judgment’s reviews and their prevalence among lawyers. Of course, publication of court decisions was not a major factor in setting a precedent, but it played a significant role in this. The paper also describes facts of the publication of court decisions in Italy, Germany, France and the Netherlands, as well as the admissibility of their citations at the court of cassation. The general idea of the paper is that convincing precedent exists and is used although the countries of continental law do not have a «classic» precedent. The paper gives a review of the importance of the state register of court decisions for setting a convincing precedent in Ukraine. The author analyzes the pros and cons of citing court decisions. It’s stated that, unfortunately, the quotations of court decisions is not always correct and sometimes amounts to rewriting the «right» legal position without comparing the circumstances of the case. The article concludes that the practice of applying a convincing precedent in Ukraine is only emerging and needs further improvement.          It has been found out that the publication of judgments of supreme courts is one of the factors that helped to establish precedent in common law countries. The publication of court rulings also created the conditions for a convincing precedent in civil law countries (especially in private law). At the same time, the formation of a “convincing precedent» in countries where court decisions are published in publicly available electronic court registers is much faster than in common law countries. Of course, the structure and the significance of the precedent in the common law and civil law countries are different, but one cannot dismiss that publication of court decisions as one of the factors for establishing the precedent.

Effective Removal of Asphaltene Deposition in Metal-Capillary Tubes

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Hashmi ◽  
Abbas Firoozabadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Aromatic Solvent ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Asphaltene Deposition ◽  
Petroleum Fluid

Summary We describe asphaltene deposition and removal processes in metal capillaries. We induce asphaltene precipitation by adding an asphaltene precipitant, heptane, to a petroleum fluid. The mixture is then injected through a laboratory-scale capillary and allowed to deposit. We assess the reversal of the deposition by means of the use of two separate chemical treatments: (1) a strong organic acid surfactant and (2) an aromatic solvent. The strong organic acid surfactant, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), was shown to completely dissolve asphaltenes by means of acid-base chemistry reactions at heteroatomic sites on the asphaltene molecules. We investigate the use of DBSA as an efficient removal agent, injecting it in a mixture of petroleum fluid after the deposit was already formed. An aromatic solvent, toluene, is also investigated in such a fashion to assess its ability in removing deposited asphaltenes. We find that DBSA can effectively remove asphaltene deposits within one pore-volume (PV) of injection and at concentrations roughly ten times less than that required by an aromatic solvent such as toluene. To the best of our knowledge, our current study is the first laboratory-scale investigation with surfactant chemicals to reverse asphaltene deposition in capillaries.

History of Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Common

History of additive manufacturing started in the 1980s in Japan. Stereolithography was invented first in 1983. After that tens of other techniques were invented under the common name 3D printing. When stereolithography was invented rapid prototyping did not exists. Tree years later new technique was invented: selective laser sintering (SLS). First commercial SLS was in 1990. At the end of 20t century, first bio-printer was developed. Using bio materials, first kidney was 3D printed. Ten years later, first 3D Printer in the kit was launched to the market. Today we have large scale printers that printed large 3D objects such are cars. 3D printing will be used for printing everything everywhere. List of pros and cons questions rising every day.

A Comparative Analysis and Critical Review of Summarization Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4167-4171
Author(s):  
Mausumi Goswami ◽  
M. Niranjanamurthy ◽  
Anlin Assisi ◽  
Sanjana Pillai ◽  
Christy Sunny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Unstructured data is outcome of various major business applications. Summarizing unstructured data is considered as a significant task in this era of smart digital evolution. Text summarization is basically done using the common approaches on the basis of certain predefined rules. Text summarization is a branch of text mining which helps in bringing together the main content of the text from the original text or document. This work was an attempt to understand the existing literature and make a critical review on the pros and cons of the methods used. A gap analysis is also included after inspecting various methods. A comparative study of intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation techniques is included. A methodology is proposed for text summarization using machine learning.

Solvent-Selection Criteria Based on Diffusion Rate and Mixing Quality for Steam/Solvent Applications in Heavy-Oil and Bitumen Recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 620-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.. Marciales ◽  
T.. Babadagli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Mixing Quality ◽  
Bitumen Recovery ◽  
Static Conditions

Summary Heavy-oil and bitumen recovery requires high recovery factors to offset the extreme high cost of investments and operations. Attention has been given to solvent injection for this purpose, and it has been observed that high recoveries are achievable when it is combined with steam injection. Heavier (“liquid”) solvents (liquid at ambient conditions) are especially becoming more popular because of availability and transportation. High oil prices will allow the application of this kind of technique if a proper design is made to retrieve the injected solvent efficiently. “Liquid” solvents are advantageous because they yield a better-quality mixing (especially with very heavy oils and bitumen) but a lower diffusion rate than lighter solvents such as propane or butane. Despite this understanding, there still is not a clear screening criterion for solvent selection to mitigate both diffusion rate and the quality of the mixture. In this study, two main solvent-selection-criteria parameters—diffusion rate and mixing quality—were considered to evaluate solvent-injection efficiency at different temperatures. An optical method under static conditions and image-processing techniques were proposed to determine 1D diffusivity of liquid solvent into a wide range of oil samples in a capillary tube. This sampling range varies from 40-cp oil to 250-cp oil, for which digital-image treatment was developed. X-ray computerized tomography (CT) was applied for heavier (and darker) oils (viscosity range of 20,000 cp to 400,000 cp). The diffusion coefficients were then computed through nonlinear curve fitting on the basis of an optimization algorithm to ensure that the obtained values were in agreement with available analytical solutions. Next, viscosity measurements and asphaltene precipitation for the same heavy-oil/solvent mixtures were performed to determine the mixing quality. The ideal solvent types for different oil types were determined by using the results from the diffusion-rate and mixing-quality experiments. The experimental and semianalytical outcome of this research would be useful in the determination of the best solvent type for a given oil and in understanding the key factors that influence the quality of mixtures including viscosity reduction and probable asphaltene precipitation.

scholarly journals The Pros and Cons of Bringing Children up Bilingually

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rasool Mohammed Kheder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Cross National

The advisability of bringing children up bilingually is always questionable by the parents in general, but it is of vital importance for the parents of those children who are born within cross-national relationships. The current paper highlights the benefits and negative aspects of so doing from various points of view available in the related literature. It deals chiefly with assessing the parents’ situations and suggesting appropriate approaches to them for decision making when they want to raise their children bilingually. Although qualitative method of research including the descriptive and argumentative methods are used for the majority parts of the study, the instances of the writer’s bilingual experience are also mentioned as an outstanding proof in a case study. Whilst most of the common strategies for bringing children up bilingually are given in the current study, there are, of course, some other strategies for various circumstances. Other studies are recommended to focus mainly on strategies and reveal them for those parents who are eager to raise bilingual children.

scholarly journals The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372096628
Author(s):  
Adrian Wong ◽  
Serene Ho ◽  
Olusegun Olusanya ◽  
Marta Velia Antonini ◽  
David Lyness
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Online Communications ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The use of social media as a tool for professional communication and education in healthcare has been increasing; pros and cons of such platforms were extensively debated in recent years with mixed results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media use has accelerated to the point of becoming a ubiquitous part of modern healthcare systems. As with any tool in healthcare, its risks and benefits need to be carefully considered. In this article, we review the use of social media in the current pandemic. Importantly, we will illustrate this using experiences from the perspective of large medical organisations and also identify the common pitfalls.

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