Laboratory and Pilot Experience in the Development of a Conventional Water Based Extraction Process for the Utah Asphalt Ridge Tar Sands

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Mikula ◽  
V.A. Munoz ◽  
O. Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Tar Sands ◽  
Pilot Experience ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PEWARNA ALAMI UNTUK ALTERNATIF PEWARNA BERBASIS AIR

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
I Ketut Dedi Susiawan . ◽  
Drs.Agus Sudarmawan, M.Si. . ◽  
I Nyoman Rediasa, S.Sn., M.Si .
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Media ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Brown Color

Pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) bahan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (2) alat yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (3) proses pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (4) warna yang dihasilkan dari pewarna alami untuk altenatif pewarna berbasis air pada media kertas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, pembuatan pewarna alami, dan uji pewarna alami pada media kertas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) bahan alami yang digunakan adalah warna merah dari kembang kertas, warna biru dari bunga telang, warna kuning dari kunyit, warna hijau dari daun suji dan daun katuk, warna cokelat dari buah tinta dan biji kluwak, warna hitam dari arang (2) alat dan bahan yang digunakan adalah cobek dan ulekan, mangkok, saringan, pisau (3) proses pembuatan pewarna alami dengan proses ekstraksi melalui dua tahap yaitu penghalusan bahan dan penyaringan (4) hasil pewarna alami yang diterapkan pada media kertas yaitu bunga kertas menghasilkan warna merah muda, bunga telang menghasilkan warna biru muda, kunyit menghasilkan warna kuning oranye sampai kuning kecokelatan, daun suji menghasikan warna hijau muda, daun katuk menghasilkan warna hijau cerah sampai hijau tua, biji kluwak menghasilkan warna coklat tua, buah tinta menghasilkan warna cokelat tua, arang menghasilkan warna hitam pekat. Kata Kunci : pewarna alami, alternatif pewarna berbasis air The made of natural dyes for alternative dyes on water-based was a research experiment, which aimed at knowing (1) material of nature that could be used as a natural dye to alternative of a water-based, (2) the tool used in the manufacture of natural dyes for alternative of a water-based, (3) the process of making natural dyes for alternative of a water-based, and (4) the color produced from natural dyes for alternatives of a water-based on the media. The research was a descriptive qualitative research. The accumulations data were done by using observation, the creation of a natural dye, and a natural dye on the media. This research result indicated that (1) natural materials used were the red colors of the development of the paper, the blue color of Telang, the yellow color of turmeric, green color from the leaves of Suji. and leaf of Katuk, the brown color of the ink and seeds of Kluwak, black from charcoal, (2) the tools and materials used were mortar and see "ulekan", bowl, sieve, (3) the process of making natural dyes with extraction process through two stages, namely, refining materials and the screening and (4) the results of a natural dye were applied to the media of Bougenvilleproduced the color of pink, Telang produced a navy blue, turmeric produced orange yellow to amber, Suji leaf produced color of green, leaf of Katuk produced green light to dark green vegetables, seeds of Kluwak produced a dark brown color, fruit of ink produced the color of dark brown, charcoal produced the color black.keyword : natural dyes, alternative color.

Freeze-Etch Crystal-Like Structures in Membranous Glomerulosclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Diseased Kidney

Tissue from a non-functional kidney affected with chronic membranous glomerulosclerosis was removed at time of trnasplantation. Recipient kidney tissue and donor kidney tissue were simultaneously fixed for electron microscopy. Primary fixation was in phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde followed by infiltration in 20 and then 40% glycerol. The tissues were frozen in liquid Freon and finally in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication of the etched surface was carried out in a Denton freeze-etch device. The etched surface was coated with platinum followed by carbon. These replicas were cleaned in a 50% solution of sodium hypochlorite and mounted on 400 mesh copper grids. They were examined in an Siemens Elmiskop IA. The pictures suggested that the diseased kidney had heavy deposits of an unknown substance which might account for its inoperative state at the time of surgery. Such deposits were not as apparent in light microscopy or in the standard fixation methods used for EM. This might have been due to some extraction process which removed such granular material in the dehydration steps.

Author response for "Purging with Chlorambucil to prevent infusion‐related reactions before Obinutuzumab administration: a monocentric pilot experience"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Autore ◽  
Alberto Fresa ◽  
Idanna Innocenti ◽  
Annamaria Tomasso ◽  
Francesca Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
Pilot Experience

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

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