Methodology for Breaking Up Nanoparticle-Stabilized Oil/Water Emulsion

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069
Author(s):  
Cristian Nunez ◽  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ilias Gavrielatos ◽  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Fast Separation

Summary A state-of-the-art portable dispersion characterization rig (P-DCR) is applied to study emulsions with Exxsol™ mineral oil (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, USA), commercial distilled water, and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (NPs) as emulsifiers. The emulsion is prepared in the P-DCR batch-separator vessel, whereby the separation kinetics are observed and recorded. In this study, emulsion breakup by the integration of oil extraction/water addition and a stirring process is investigated, which is formed with 25% water cut (WC) and 0.01% w/w hydrophobic NPs (dispersed in the oil phase). The experimental data are divided into three data sets: oil extraction only, oil-extraction/pure-water addition, and oil-extraction/water with hydrophilic NP addition. For oil extraction only (Data Set 1), the WC of the fluid mixture increases, and for a sufficient volume extraction, phase inversion occurs that results in a complete separation of the oil and water. The minimum final required NP concentration for a fast separation, defined as the minimum concentration of NP required to begin the phase separation of the emulsion, is approximately 0.0045%. The acquired data for oil-extraction/pure-water-addition (Data Set 2) result in a faster breakup of the emulsion, as compared with oil extraction only. The oil-extraction/pure-water-addition process increases the system WC faster, reaching the phase-inversion point sooner. For the oil-extraction/pure-water-addition, the final lowest WC and NP concentrations are approximately 37% and 0.006% w/w, respectively, for fast separation. Thus, it can be concluded that the NP concentration and the WC are related. Repetitive oil-extraction/pure-water-addition cycles enable determination of the combined effects of the WC and NP on the separation process. A relatively stable emulsion is reached after approximately 2 minutes from the beginning of each cycle, which enables determining whether a quick separation occurs at the current cycle. Data Set 3 (oil-extraction/water with hydrophilic NP addition) results reveal that dispersing hydrophilic NPs in water does not promote emulsion breakup. On the contrary, the NPs produce a slightly more stable emulsion. The separation process, however, does not differ significantly even for high hydrophilic NP concentrations, emphasizing the dominant role of the hydrophobic particles (dispersed in the base-case emulsion).

Preparation of Ginger Oil in Water Nanoemulsion Using Phase Inversion Composition Technique: Effects of Stirring and Water Addition Rates on their Physico-Chemical Properties and Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Farshbaf-Sadigh ◽  
Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri ◽  
Navideh Anarjan ◽  
Yahya Najian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Addition Rate

Abstract Ginger oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions, were produced using phase inversion composition method and Tween 80, as emulsifier. Effects of processing parameters namely, stirring rate (100 to1000 rpm) and water addition rate (1–10 mL/min) were evaluated on the physico-chemical, morphological, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the prepared O/W nanoemulsions using response surface methodology (RSM). Results indicated that well dispersed and spherical ginger nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (8.80 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.285) and maximum zeta potential value (−9.15 mV), using stirring rate and water addition rate of 736 rpm and 8.18 mL/min, respectively. Insignificant differences between predicted and experimental values of the response variables, indicated suitability of fitted models using RSM. Mean particle size of the prepared nanoemulsion using optimum conditions were changed from 8.81 ± 1 to 9.80 ± 1 nm, during 4 weeks of storage, which revealed high stability of the resulted ginger O/W nanoemulsion. High antioxidant activity (55.4%), bactericidal (against Streptococcus mutans) and fungicidal (against Aspergillus niger) activities of the prepared nanoemulsion could be related to the presence of gingerols and shogaols, a group of phenolic alkanones, in the ginger oil, which those were detected by gas chromatography method.

Effects of hydrogen as adjuvant treatment for unstable angina

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110091
Author(s):  
Yanhong Si ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Bingqing Dong ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Water Addition

Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is established that hydrogen has significant protective effects on many diseases as a potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hydrogen on unstable angina in vitro and in vivo. An atherosclerosis model in vitro was constructed by ox-LDL-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in vitro testing indicated hydrogen inhibited ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response by down-regulating LOX-1/NF-kB signaling pathway. Subsequently, the attenuating effect of hydrogen-rich water intake on unstable angina was further confirmed in clinic. Forty hospitalized subjects with unstable angina were enrolled and consumed either 1000–1200 mL/d hydrogen-rich water or the same amount of placebo pure water in addition to conventional drugs for three months. Clinical analysis showed hydrogen-rich water intake relieved angina symptoms in unstable angina patients. Serum analysis showed that hydrogen-rich water addition resulted in more effective reductions of total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels compared with conventional treatment. These results support that hydrogen as adjuvant treatment has a beneficial effect on unstable angina.

Effect of Shear and Water Cut on Phase Inversion and Droplet Size Distribution in Oil–Water Flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Inversion Region ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

Oil–water dispersed flow occurs commonly in the petroleum industry during the production and transportation of crudes. Phase inversion occurs when the dispersed phase grows into the continuous phase and the continuous phase becomes the dispersed phase caused by changes in the composition, interfacial properties, and other factors. Production equipment, such as pumps and chokes, generates shear in oil–water mixture flow, which has a strong effect on phase inversion phenomena. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of shear intensity and water cut (WC) on the phase inversion region and also the droplet size distribution. A state-of-the-art closed-loop two phase (oil–water) flow facility including a multipass gear pump and a differential dielectric sensor (DDS) is used to identify the phase inversion region. Also, the facility utilizes an in-line droplet size analyzer (a high speed camera), to record real-time videos of oil–water emulsion to determine the droplet size distribution. The experimental data for phase inversion confirm that as shear intensity increases, the phase inversion occurs at relatively higher dispersed phase fractions. Also the data show that oil-in-water emulsion requires larger dispersed phase volumetric fraction for phase inversion as compared with that of water-in-oil emulsion under the same shear intensity conditions. Experiments for droplet size distribution confirm that larger droplets are obtained for the water continuous phase, and increasing the dispersed phase volume fraction leads to the creation of larger droplets.

THE FEASIBILITY OF KAOLIN AS MAIN MATERIAL FOR LOW COST POROUS CERAMIC HOLLOW FIBRE MEMBRANE PREPARED USING COMBINED PHASE INVERSION AND SINTERING TECHNIQUE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
Mukhlis A. Rahman ◽  
Juhana Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
And Performance

Ceramic hollow fibre membrane (CHFM) demonstrated superior characteristics and performance in any separation application. The only problem associated with this kind of technology is the high cost. In order to effectively fabricate and produce low cost porous CHFM, a series of CHFMs made of kaolin were fabricated via combined phase inversion and sintering technique. The CHFMs from kaolin named as kaolin hollow fibre membranes (KHFMs) were studied at different kaolin contents of 35 wt.%, 37.5 wt.% and 40 wt.% sintered at 1200ºC. The result indicated that by varying kaolin contents, different morphologies were obtained due to changes in the viscosity of ceramic suspension containing kaolin. The optimum kaolin content for KHFM was identified. It was found that KHFM prepared at 37.5 wt% has a mechanical strength and pure water flux of A and B respectively.  

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ КОРОЗІЇ НАФТОПРОВОДУ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ЇЇ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДОМ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНОГО ОПОРУ

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Л. І. Ниркова ◽  
С. О. Осадчук ◽  
Ю. В. Борисенко ◽  
Ф. М. Макатьора
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Moving Line

Development of methodology for research and evaluation of internal corrosion of low-carbon steel pipeline along the bottom moving line in a hydrocarbon medium with different water content. Visual inspection and polarization resistance method were used. Based on the analysis of the peculiarities of internal corrosion of oil pipelines, the methodology of its research has been developed. A laboratory testing facility is proposed and manufactured, which simulates the inner surface of the pipeline. The design of the polarization resistance sensor was improved by applying a moisture-retaining layer, which allowed to determine the corrosion rate in the oil-water emulsion. To increase the sensitivity of the sensor in this environment, additives are introduced into the moisture-retaining layer, which promote the absorption and retention of moisture. The influence of various additives on the sensitivity of the sensor has been studied, the method of applying the moisture-retaining layer, which is suitable for use, has been worked out. The minimum concentration of the additive was determined, at which a solid moisture-retaining layer resistant to the action of moisture was obtained. The methodology of research of internal corrosion of the oil pipeline along the bottom moving line on the basis of modeling in laboratory conditions of a surface of a pipe is offered and substantiated. A laboratory testing facility was made and the design of the polarization resistance sensor was improved, which made it possible to perform measurements in oil-water emulsion. This allowed to expand the scope of the method of polarization resistance for oil environments with low water content (from 50% to 5%). The design of the electrochemical two-electrode sensor of polarization resistance with the cosurface arrangement of electrodes on which the moisture-retaining layer is put and its composition is defined is improved. A solid layer resistant to air moisture is obtained. The sensor with a moisture-retaining layer is suitable for use in oil-water emulsion with water content from 50% to 5%.

The Optimization of RHS-polysulfone Membrane towards Operating Condition for Humic Acid Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin ◽  
◽  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Muhamad Zaini Yunos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Pure Water Flux

This study investigates the effects of rice husk silica (RHS) as additive in the polysulfone membrane to enhance antifouling properties in membrane separation process. The performance (of what?) was evaluated in term of pure water flux (PWF), rejection and antifouling properties. The optimized of normalized flux (Jf /Jo) at different parameter in filtration (pH, ionic strength and tranmembrane-pressure) was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the addition of 4 wt. % RHS give the highest flux at 300.50 L/m².hour (LMH). The highest rejection was found at 3 wt. % of RHS membrane with value 98% for UV254 and 96% for TOC. The optimal value of Jf/Jo was found at 0.62 with the condition of pH: 6.10, ionic strength: 0.05 mol/L and transmembrane-pressure: 2.67 bars. Optimize of RSM analysis from ANOVA also proved that the error of model is less than 0.05% which indicates that the model is significant.

Structure Morphology of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane via Immersion Precipitation Phase Inversion Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Fiber Membranes ◽  
And Performance

Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes have been widely used in many fields, such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, liquid/liquid or liquid/solid separation, gas separation, hemodialysis, and so on. In this paper, the sheet PES hollow fiber membranes were prepared. The morphology and performance of membranes can be controlled. By studying the influence of the compositions and conditions on the morphology and performance of PES hollow fiber membrane, the relationship of morphology and performance of the membrane is acquired. The additives were used such as glycerol, BuOH and PEG. In addition, immerse phase inversion was used as membranes preparation method. The morphology of the membrane was controlled by changing kinds of additive, concentration of additive and so on. It was found that the membrane morphologies were changed by additive obviously. Porosity , pure water flux, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to characterize the morphology and performance of the membranes.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and filtration performance of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane modified by poly(methyl ethacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285
Author(s):  
Q. Y. Zhang ◽  
Q. An ◽  
Y. G. Guo ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
K. Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Abstract To enhance the anti-fouling and separating properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, an amphiphilic copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, poly(MMA-co-AMPS), was designed and synthesized. Through a phase-inversion process, the poly(MMA-co-AMPS) were fully dispersed in the PVDF membrane. The properties of membrane including the surface and cross-section morphology, surface wettability and fouling resistance under different pH solutions were investigated. Compared to the unmodified PVDF membranes, the contact angles of modified PVDF membranes decreased from 80.6° to 71.6°, and the pure water flux increased from 54 to 71 L·m−2·h−1. In addition, the hybrid PVDF membrane containing 0.5 wt% copolymers demonstrated an larger permeability, better fouling resistance and higher recovery ratio via pure water backlashing, when it was compared with the other blend membranes, and the virgin one in the cyclic test of anti-fouling. The modified membranes with the copolymers possessed an outstanding performance and may be used for further water treatment applications.

Performance of PSf Ultrafiltration Membrane: Effect of Different Nonsolvent on Coagulation Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fikri Shohur ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
Muhamad Zaini Yunos ◽  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Membrane ◽  
Result Analysis

One of the big challenges in developing a good asymmetric membrane  is macrovoid formation that leads to reduction of rejection value.  The most common method to reduce or suppress macrovoid formation is by addition of controlled solvent to the coagulation bath. Therefore, the effect of difference coagulants based on dissolved KCl (monovalent) and dissolved Na2SO4(divalent) with different concentration onto asymmetric Polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane was investigated in this work. The PSf ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by using phase inversion method using these two immerse aqueous solutions. The performances of membranes were evaluated via pure water flux (distilled water) and solute rejection (humic acid). Results on the cross section revealed that the structure of membrane show a straight pattern of bigger finger-like pore structure from top to bottom layer tend to reduce with at the same time the diameter of finger-like pore structure  also increased, as salt medium of coagulant increases. These obviously shown by permeation values for both salt mediums were higher compared to without salt coagulant. This reduction of finger-like structure at bottom layer occurred along together with the formation of sponge shape structure. The growth of thick sponge shape is strongly influence by kinetic phase inversion of salt coagulant that also creates resistance to permeation mechanism. However the intense salt coagulant medium can cause the bigger sponge structure that will slightly reduce rejection and increase the permeation.  This was proved by the rejection of KCl medium started to increase at 1-3% but slightly reduced at 4%. Based on the result analysis demonstrated that the ideal membrane with highest rejection and good permeation values was membrane immersed into 1% Na2SO4 coagulation medium.

scholarly journals Tribological Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Carbon Nanocapsule Additives

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5762
Author(s):  
Yeau-Ren Jeng ◽  
Ping-Chi Tsai ◽  
Ching-Min Chang ◽  
Kuo-Feng Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Carbon Nanocapsules ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

An experimental investigation was performed on the coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear properties of pure water and oil-in-water (O/W) working fluids containing carbon nanocapsules (CNCs) with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0 wt.%. For the O/W working fluid, the ratio of oil to water was set as 6%. It was shown that for the water working fluid, the COF decreased by around 20% as the CNC content increased from 0 to 1.0 wt.%. In contrast, the wear volume increased by 50% as the CNC addition increased from 0 to 0.5 wt.%, but it fell to a value slightly lower than that achieved using only pure water (i.e., no CNCs) as the CNC content was further increased to 1.0 wt.%. For the O/W emulsion, the addition of 0.8 wt.% CNCs reduced the COF by around 30% compared to that of the emulsion with no CNCs. Overall, the results showed that while the addition of a small quantity (6%) of oil to the water working fluid had a relatively small effect on the wear performance, the addition of an appropriate quantity of CNCs (i.e., 0.8 wt.%) resulted in a significantly lower COF and an improved wear surface.

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