A Review of Preliminary Out-Of-Sequence Pinpoint Fracturing Field Trials in North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyamin Yadali Jamaloei
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Field Trials

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Amur maackia Seedlings Across North America

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 508B-508
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Aiello ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Sibling Group ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Half Sibling ◽  
Sibling Groups

Amur maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.) has potential for use in small, urban, or cold landscapes. Although Amur maackia is becoming increasingly popular, plants are currently grown from open-pollinated seed populations, and there has been no selection of cultivars. We have addressed the effects of climate on growth and have begun field trials for selection of horticulturally superior genotypes. In May 1995, a field trial near Ames was begun with 337 plants. These were selected from more than 2000 greenhouse-grown seedlings to represent 32 half-sibling seed groups from 16 arboreta across North America. After two growing seasons, the increase in stem length among seed groups ranged from 3% to 75%. Survival rate did not vary with seed group. In a related study, 30 plants from six half-sibling groups have been established at each of 10 sites in the U.S. and four in Canada to assess effects of location on survival and growth. The influence of seed group on survival after 1 year varied with the trial site location. Survival among combinations of half-sibling group and trial location ranged from 0% to 100% (mean = 54%). Half-sibling group and trial location affected growth without interaction. The greatest growth across locations, an 83% increase in stem length, was shown by seeds that originated from a tree at the Arnold Arboretum. At the 14 locations, changes in stem length over half-sibling groups varied from <0% in Ithaca, N.Y., to 179% in Puyallup, Wash.

A Step by Step Approach to Improving Data Quality in Drilling Operations: Field Trials in North America

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeepkumar Ashok ◽  
Adrian Ambrus ◽  
Dawson Ramos ◽  
John Lutteringer ◽  
Michael Behounek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Drilling Operations

Field Test of the WeevilHadroplonthus trimaculatusand the FleabeetlePsylliodes chalcomeraAgainst Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Dunn ◽  
Gaetano Campobasso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Test Plants

This study was conducted to determine if field evaluations could be used to select insects for biological control of musk thistle. Host specificity and larval development of a weevil,Hadroplonthus trimaculatus, and a fleabeetle,Psylliodes chalcomera, were studied in field trials near Rome, Italy, in which insects were allowed free choice of several hosts. Natural populations of these two insects, which do not occur in North America, were exposed to North American species ofCirsium, Carduus, and selected crops. Adult insects and larvae on host plants were identified and counted on test plants from North America and native attraction plants. In addition to infesting musk thistle, weevil adults and larvae were recorded on flodman thistle, wavyleaf thistle, and spinosissimum thistle. Consequently, this insect was not suitable for introduction into North America. The fleabeetle would be satisfactory for biological control since no adults or larvae were recorded onCirsiumspp. or economic plants. These studies show that field trials are a valid method for identifying specific and nonspecific candidate insects for biological control of weeds.

Cochylis hospes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to male lines varies significantly and inbred susceptibility predicts damage to hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R. Prasifka
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Cochylis Hospes ◽  
Sunflower Moth

AbstractLarvae of Cochylis hospes (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (banded sunflower moth) are a primary source of insect damage to seeds of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus Linnaeus (Asteraceae), in North America. Field trials were used to evaluate seed damage under natural infestations for panels of publicly released male lines, publicly derived hybrids (females crossed to one common male parent), and commercial hybrids over a total of four years. For trials in 2013–2014 including 17 male lines, seed damage ranged from 3% to 19%. The least damaged male, RHA 266, was statistically similar to one other male, RHA 455. Three commercial hybrids used as checks also received very little seed damage (< 5%). In trials during 2016–2017, hybrids created by pollinating 15 different female lines with RHA 266 showed 4–14% damage. Data from female parents explained about 28% of variation in seed damage for the hybrids. Results confirm cultivated sunflower has greater variation in susceptibility to C. hospes than previously believed, and that seed damage to inbred lines provides some predictive power for hybrids. Though breeding for resistance to C. hospes seems possible, it may be too labour-intensive without relating resistance to more easily measurable traits or genetic markers.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity, Cytogenetics, and Biomass Yields among Taxa of Giant Reeds (Arundo Species)

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren H. Touchell ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee ◽  
Ronald J. Gehl ◽  
Alexander Krings
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis

Genetic diversity and cytogenetics of 31 accessions of Arundo L., collected from North America and South Asia, were characterized using 20 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, flow cytometry, and cytology. In addition, field trials of 23 Arundo donax L. accessions were established in 2011 and harvested in 2012 to 2013 to assess annual biomass yields. Cluster analysis, based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient method, clearly differentiated Arundo formasana Hack. from A. donax and a third unidentified Arundo taxon. Arundo donax further contained two subgroups representing North American (naturalized and cultivated) and South Asian collections. Within each A. donax subgroup, genetic distances were very low (0.03 for North America and 0.07 for South Asia). Principle coordinate analysis further supported distinct clusters. Relative genome sizes were determined using Pisum sativum L. as the reference genome and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochrome. Chromosome numbers (2n), ploidy levels, and 2C relative genome sizes ranged from ≈62 to 105, near 12x to near 18x, and 2.78 to 4.13 pg, respectively, and were similar within each taxa/subgroup. While there was a low level of genetic variability among A. donax accession, dry biomass yields varied significantly ranging from 6.5 to 65 Mg·ha−1 per year for the third growing season.

Relative susceptibility of sunflower maintainer lines and resistance sources to natural infestations of the banded sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R. Prasifka ◽  
Brent S. Hulke
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Sunflower Moth

AbstractThe banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a significant seed-feeding pest of sunflowers (Helianthus Linnaeus; Asteraceae) in North America. Though some wild Helianthus, interspecific crosses, and H. annuus Linnaeus cultivars (which precede hybrid sunflower breeding) have low susceptibility to banded sunflower moth, no apparent effort has been made to evaluate modern inbred lines as a source of resistance for hybrids. In field trials from 2013 to 2015, inbred maintainer (HA) lines, resistant accessions (PI), and unreleased, partially inbred (F6) lines were evaluated in field trials using natural infestations of banded sunflower moth. Results show greater seed damage to maintainer lines than the other groups, but also significant variability among lines within groups. The best maintainer, HA 207, had ≈75% fewer damaged seed than the most susceptible HA lines. Among the resistant PI and unreleased inbred lines, only one entry had significantly less damage than HA 207. While PI 494859 showed banded moth resistance superior to the best inbred lines, its other agronomic liabilities make breeding with the least susceptible maintainer lines appear more practical. A key unknown for any attempts to breed hybrids resistant to banded sunflower moth is how closely damage is correlated between inbred lines and their hybrids.

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