Material Selection for Water Injection System for a Giant Oil Field, Iraq

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30407, “Case Study of Nanopolysilicon Materials’ Depressurization and Injection-Increasing Technology in Offshore Bohai Bay Oil Field KL21-1,” by Qing Feng, Nan Xiao Li, and Jun Zi Huang, China Oilfield Services, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2–6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. Nanotechnology offers creative approaches to solve problems of oil and gas production that also provide potential for pressure-decreasing application in oil fields. However, at the time of writing, successful pressure-decreasing nanotechnology has rarely been reported. The complete paper reports nanopolysilicon as a new depressurization and injection-increasing agent. The stability of nanopolysilicon was studied in the presence of various ions, including sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+). The study found that the addition of nanomaterials can improve porosity and permeability of porous media. Introduction More than 600 water-injection wells exist in Bohai Bay, China. Offshore Field KL21-1, developed by water-flooding, is confronted with the following challenges: - Rapid increase and reduction of water-injection pressure - Weak water-injection capacity of reservoir - Decline of oil production - Poor reservoir properties - Serious hydration and expansion effects of clay minerals To overcome injection difficulties in offshore fields, conventional acidizing measures usually are taken. But, after multiple cycles of acidification, the amount of soluble substances in the rock gradually decreases and injection performance is shortened. Through injection-performance experiments, it can be determined that the biological nanopolysilicon colloid has positive effects on pressure reduction and injection increase. Fluid-seepage-resistance decreases, the injection rate increases by 40%, and injection pressure decreases by 10%. Features of Biological Nanopolysilicon Systems The biological nanopolysilicon-injection system was composed of a bioemulsifier (CDL32), a biological dispersant (DS2), and a nanopolysilicon hydrophobic system (NP12). The bacterial strain of CDL32 was used to obtain the culture colloid of biological emulsifier at 37°C for 5 days. DS2 was made from biological emulsifier CDL32 and some industrial raw materials described in Table 1 of the complete paper. Nanopolysilicon hydrophobic system NP12 was composed of silicon dioxide particles. The hydrophobic nanopolysilicons selected in this project featured particle sizes of less than 100 nm. In the original samples, a floc of nanopolysilicon was fluffy and uniform. But, when wet, nanopolysilicon will self-aggregate and its particle size increases greatly. At the same time, nanopolysilicon features significant agglomeration in water. Because of its high interface energy, nanopolysilicon is easily agglomerated, as shown in Fig. 1.

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The Key Technology Research of the Water Injection System Energy Saving for Super Low Permeability Reservoir in Changqing Oil Field

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1217 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 524-527 ◽

pp. 1217-1222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Qiang Huang ◽

Zhen Chen ◽

Gang Zheng ◽

Jian Qiang Xue ◽

Xue Yuan Li

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Large Scale ◽

Water Injection ◽

High Energy ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Oil Field ◽

Injection System ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Load Rate

With the characteristics of low permeability, pressure and abundance, it's extremely hard to exploit the super low permeability reservoirs in ChangQing oil field. For this reason, the water injection recovery technique has been widely used. Analysis showed that a serious problem of high energy consumption exist in the water injection system, the power consumption of which accounts for about 44%. And the energy cost of pump units reach up to 43%, it's the highest energy consumption link in the system. In this paper the load rate classification method (LRCM) is firstly adopted to statistical analyze water injection stations, which are divided into the owing and over load rate stations. As a result, the owing load rate stations accounts for 83.8%, with a serious phenomenon of the Big Horse Pull A Small Carriage, causing the large-scale backflow in the station, and the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is on the high side. Aimed at water injection stations with different load rate, the methods of reasonable shutting down the pumps, pump replacement, optimizing the transmission ratio and piston size, as well as the speed control technology have been used to make the outlet flow and actual demand reasonable matching. The test result shows that the energy saving technology is well targeted, simple, practical and low cost. The pump units’ efficiency improves obviously, the consumption reduces by 10%, which greatly improve the oilfield economic benefits.

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Laboratory Evaluation Experiment for Adaptability Analysis of Nitrogen Injection in Yanchang Oil Field

10.2118/207275-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiaxi Gao ◽

Yuedong Yao ◽

He Bao ◽

Jinjiang Shen

Keyword(s):

Field Test ◽

Formation Energy ◽

Gas Injection ◽

Water Injection ◽

Oil Field ◽

Injection System ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

Nitrogen Injection ◽

Wide Range

Abstract: Yanchang Oilfield conducts systematic research on nitrogen injection to enhance oil recovery. Through the research of this project, the energy supplement method of horizontal wells suitable for the study area is determined, and its injection system and process parameters are optimized and determined. The optimal energy replenishment method selected by the mine field test achieves the following economic and technical indicators: Provide a nitrogen suitability evaluation plan; Complete the nitrogen flooding matching process design of the target well; Complete the design of the injection-production plan for the target well; Compare with other energy supplement methods. Through the analysis of two supplementary energy methods of water injection and gas injection in indoor and similar reservoirs, the following understandings have been obtained: (1) Nitrogen is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in oil, good swelling, large elastic energy, is an inert gas, exists widely in the atmosphere, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, has a wide range of sources. (2) the recovery rate of nitrogen flooding is significantly higher than that of water flooding. (3) The field test results of water injection and nitrogen test in similar reservoirs show that the supplementary formation energy of nitrogen injection is suitable for the later development of Chang 64 and Chang 71 in the Haobasi oil field. (4) Compared with deep ultra-low permeability reservoirs, it is more economical to use nitrogen to supplement formation energy and change oil. The rate is higher. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the supplementary energy of Chang 64 and Chang 71 reservoirs in the Haobasi oil area should be nitrogen injection as the main supplement, and water injection as a supplement. Gas/water alternate injection is used to adjust the gas injection profile to slow down the escape of injected nitrogen. . Although water injection supplements the formation energy with greater uncertainty, it can be used as a technical means of fluidity control in the gas injection process and is relatively economical.

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Corrosion of water injection system in Shengli Oil Field

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials ◽

10.1108/acmm-aug-2012-1198 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dong Liu ◽

Huiqing Liu ◽

Li Li ◽

Meng Yu ◽

Jun Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Injection ◽

Oil Field ◽

Injection System

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Process Design of Cyclic Water Flooding by Real-Time Monitoring

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4040525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 140 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kobra Pourabdollah

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Production Rate ◽

Process Design ◽

Water Injection ◽

Oil Production ◽

Oil Field ◽

Water Flooding ◽

Injection System ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Naturally Fractured

The gradual decline in the oil production rate of water flooded reservoirs leads to decrease in the profit of water flooding system. Although cyclic water injection (CWI) was introduced to reduce the descending trend of oil production in water flooded reservoirs, it must be optimized based upon the process parameters. The objective of this study is to develop all process design criteria based upon the real-time monitoring of CWI process in a naturally fractured reservoir having five producing wells and five injector wells completed in an Arab carbonated formation containing light crude oil (API = 42 deg). For this aim, a small pilot oil field was selected with water injection facilities and naturally producing oil wells and all data were collected from the field tests. During a five years' field test, the primary observations at the onset of shutdown periods of the water injection system revealed a repeatable significant enhancement in oil production rate by a factor of plus 5% leading us to assess the application of CWI. This paper represents the significant parameters of pressure and productivity affected during CWI in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs based upon a dual porosity generalized compositional model. The results hopefully introduce other oil producer companies to the potential of using CWI to increase oil production in conventional water injection systems. The results also outline situations where such applications would be desirable.

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Application of Numerical Simulation in Analysis and Optimization of Constant Flux Blanking Plug

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.765 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 532-533 ◽

pp. 765-768

Author(s):

Chang Yun Liu ◽

Xue Zeng Zhao ◽

Fang Chen

Keyword(s):

Flow Control ◽

Water Injection ◽

Great Influence ◽

Field Tests ◽

Control Device ◽

Oil Field ◽

Injection System ◽

Local Flow ◽

Constant Flux ◽

Control Precision

The constant flux blanking plug is a downhole flow control device used in the separate layer water injection system of oil-field, its flow characteristic and reliability are the most important matters that people care about. So these performances of the constant flux blanking plug are analyzed by numerical methods here. The dynamic model of the constant flux blanking plug is established by bond-graph, then the simulation is made by the 20-SIM software. The influence of local flow field is studied by CFD (computational fluid dynamics), with which some different valve spools and pockets are compared. The discrete particles’ trajectories are analyzed by the Lagrangian method, and the particle erosion rates of different materials are calculated with Bitter’s erosion model. All the simulation data show that the structure and material have great influence on the flow control precision and reliability which need to improve at present. The simulation results are verified through ground or field tests in the end.

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