A Novel Approach for Formulating CO2 Foam Based Fracturing Fluid by Synthesized Grafting Copolymerization to Enhance its Stability for HPHT Shale Reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Chaudhary ◽  
Sandeep Singh ◽  
Vikas Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

scholarly journals A Novel approach for formulating CO2 Foam Based Fracturing Fluid by Synthesized Grafting Copolymerization to Enhance its Stability for HPHT Shale Reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Grafted Copolymer ◽  
Unconventional Resources ◽  
Co2 Foam ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Conventional Sources of energy are depleting at an alarming rate which give us unconventional resources as an only option for energy source. Unconventional sources of energy like Shale gas, tight gas, Coal bed methane are difficult to exploit as compared to the conventional sources of energy. Hydraulic Fracturing is the well stimulation technique used for exploitation and production of these unconventional resources. Foam fracturing is the most opted stimulation technique for low permeability shallow wells because of its reduced damage potential to reactive and sensitive formations. This research paper discusses about the evaluation of attempt made to develop an eco-friendly CO2 foam based fracturing fluid which can be used at HPHT conditions for shale reservoirs by Grafting Copolymerization. The graft copolymer was developed by free radical polymerization of Gum Acacia (GA) and Lactic acid (LA) by using Potassium Persulphate (KPS) as an initiator and its characterization was done by FESEM and FTIR analysis. Then, the grafted copolymer (GA-g-LA) was processed with CO2 foam based fracturing fluid as an additive. Lecithin is used to emulsify brine and liquid CO2. The effect of graft copolymer was on rheology and stability of the formulated foam based fracturing fluid is evaluated as a function of surfactant concentration. The results are compared with the conventional foam based fracturing fluids. The results showed that grafted copolymer has increased the stability of the formulated fracturing fluid at high temperatures. Use of grafted copolymer results in higher viscosity and proppant carrying capacity which is beneficial for HPHT fracturing conditions. The results of the core flood studies were evaluated on a shale sample to determine its return permeability and it was comparable to non-foam based fracturing fluid.

A Novel Approach to Crosslink Delay of Low-pH Fracturing Fluid

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Legemah ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Paul Carman ◽  
John Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Novel Approach

Investigating the Use of CO2 as a Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid for Water Sustainability and Environmental Friendliness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Fakher ◽  
Abdulaziz Fakher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is the process by which many unconventional shale reservoirs are produced from. During this process, a highly pressurized fluid, usually water, is injected into the formation with a proppant. The fracturing fluid breaks the formation thus increasing its permeability, and the proppant ensures that the formation remains open. Although highly effective, hydraulic fracturing has several limitations including relying on a highly valuable commodity such as water. This research investigates the applicability of carbon dioxide as a fracturing fluid instead of water, and studies the main advantages and limitation of such a procedure. The main properties that could have a strong impact on the applicability of carbon dioxide based hydraulic fracturing are studied; these factors include carbon dioxide properties, proppant properties, and reservoir rock, fluid, and thermodynamic properties. This research aims to function as an initial introduction and roadmap to future research investigating the applicability of carbon dioxide as a fracturing fluid in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Impacts of Fracturing Fluid on the Evolution of Fluid Composition and Shale Characteristics: A Case Study of the Niutitang Shale in Hunan Province, South China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Jingqiang Tan ◽  
Guolai Li ◽  
Ruining Hu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Qiao Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used technique for oil and gas extraction from ultra-low porosity and permeability shale reservoirs. During the hydraulic fracturing process, large amounts of water along with specific chemical additives are injected into the shale reservoirs, causing a series of reactions the influence the fluid composition and shale characteristics. This paper is focused on the investigation of the geochemical reactions between shale and fracturing fluid by conducting comparative experiments on different samples at different time scales. By tracking the temporal changes of fluid composition and shale characteristics, we identify the key geochemical reactions during the experiments. The preliminary results show that the dissolution of the relatively unstable minerals in shale, including feldspar, pyrite and carbonate minerals, occurred quickly. During the process of mineral dissolution, a large number of metal elements, such as U, Pb, Ba, Sr, etc., are released, which makes the fluid highly polluted. The fluid–rock reactions also generate many pores, which are mainly caused by dissolution of feldspar and calcite, and potentially can enhance the extraction of shale gas. However, precipitation of secondary minerals like Fe-(oxy) hydroxides and CaSO4 were also observed in our experiments, which on the one hand can restrict the migration of metal elements by adsorption or co-precipitation and on the other hand can occlude the pores, therefore influencing the recovery of hydrocarbon. The different results between the experiments of different samples revealed that mineralogical texture and composition strongly affect the fluid-rock reactions. Therefore, the identification of the shale mineralogical characteristics is essential to formulate fracturing fluid with the lowest chemical reactivity to avoid the contamination released by flowback waters.

Novel approach for production transient analysis of shale reservoirs using the drainage volume derivative

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changdong Yang ◽  
Vishal Kumar Sharma ◽  
Akhil Datta-Gupta ◽  
Michael J. King
Keyword(s):  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Drainage Volume ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

scholarly journals Study on the evaluation method and influencing factors of fracture conductivity of hydraulic fracturing support in shale reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03049
Author(s):  
Yin Shun-li ◽  
Zhuang Tian-lin ◽  
Yang Li-yong ◽  
Jia Yun-peng ◽  
Liu Xue-wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Shale Reservoir ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
Proppant Embedment

The conductivity of supporting fractures is an important parameter to evaluate the hydraulic fracturing effect of shale reservoirs, and its size is affected by many factors. In this paper, the proppant is optimized and evaluated on the basis of real rock slab simulation and actual construction proppant test. The laboratory experimental study on the influence of proppant type, sand concentration, proppant embedding and fracturing fluid residue on propping fracture conductivity is carried out, the results show that the average conductivity of 40 / 70 mesh proppant is about 7.15d · cm at 5kg / m2 sand concentration under the condition of reservoir closure pressure of about 50MPa, which can basically meet the requirements of main fracture conductivity of Kong 2 shale reservoir in Dagang Oilfield; the damage of guar gum fracturing fluid and proppant embedment are two important factors that cause the great decline of conductivity of rock slab, and the damage of guar gum fracturing fluid has a great influence on the conductivity, reaching about 50%; the stronger the mud is (the higher the clay content is), the greater the embedment degree of proppant is, and the greater the loss of conductivity is; for the same lithology, the proppant particle size has little damage to the conductivity, and the sand concentration has a greater impact on the conductivity. The larger the sand concentration is, the smaller the loss of the conductivity is.

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