Successful Field Application of Organophilic Clay-Free Invert Emulsion Fluid to Protect the Reservoir Core from Drilling Fluid Damage: Case Study from a Kuwait Field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Ajmi ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Rushoud ◽  
Ashis Gohain ◽  
Faiz Khatib ◽  
Hussain Al-Haj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Emulsion Fluid

Use of Micronized Weighting Agents for High Density Completion Fluids: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufyan Deshmukh ◽  
Marcelo Dourado Motta ◽  
Sameer Prabhudesai ◽  
Mehul Patil ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Viscosity Profile ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Fluid ◽  
Minimal Fluid

Abstract A unique invert emulsion fluid (IEF) weighted up with treated micronized weighting agent (MWA) slurries has been developed and successfully implemented in the field as a completion and testing fluid. The utilization of this unique IEF by design allowed the fluid properties to be lower on viscosity and superior suspension characteristics, which allowed for thermally stable fluid and provided excellent downhole hydraulics performance. Much of the earlier development and deployment of this type of IEF was focused on drilling for sections in narrow mud weight and fracture gradient windows, coiled tubing operations, managed pressure drilling, and extended reach wells. Many of these drilling challenges are also encountered in high pressure and high temperature (HTHP) and ultra-deepwater field developments and mature, depleted fields. Early fluid developments focused on designing the fluids chemistry and physics interactions and the optimization of mineralogy of the weighing agent used. There was also some concern on variability of the results seen on the return permeability as well as standard fluid loss experiments. The paper describes the laboratory and field and rigsite data generated while using the MWA in IEFs during completion operations with a client in India. The paper will briefly describe the laboratory work before the application and the associated results observed on the rig site. It will also outline all the challenges which were faced during the execution and mixing of the MWA IEFs. Each separate operation required a high-density reservoir fluid solution above 15.5 ppg [1.85 sg]. Because corrosion, sag potential, and scale were the operator's main concerns, a solids-free brine or other type of weighting agent (for e.g. Calcium Carbonate and/or Tri-Manganese Tetra Oxide) solution was not favored. A high-density IEF designed with MWA allowed us to provide a solution that mitigated against the risks identified in each operation. The thin viscosity profile enabled completion activities to proceed with minimal fluid consumption at surface, reducing the overall environmental impact. The high-density (15.6 ppg [1.86 SG] and 16.2 ppg [1.94 SG]) invert emulsion fluid was designed to minimize sag potential with minimal reservoir damage potential. With a thinner viscosity profile compared to conventional IEFs at equivalent densities, the fluid enabled completion activities with minimal fluid volumes lost over shakers and reduced the environmental impact. The MWA that was used to build the IEF used for drilling and completion fluid enabled maintenance of extremely low-shear rate viscosities when compared to conventional barite-laden fluids. This fluid was used for suspending and abandoning the well in Case Study A, where the reentry and intervention of the well was planned to be after 2 years. After exposure of the fluid in Case Study A, the fluid showed minimum sag after re-entry of the well and the intervention activities were done without any problems. Case Study B showed that the fluid was mixed to the density of 16.2 ppg and was used to perforate and test two different zones. The bottom hole static temperature (BHST) reported were 356 degF (180 degC) for Case Study A and 376 degF (191 degC) for Case Study B respectively. The paper attempts to show the effects of using this alternative weighing agent as a completion fluid instead of a high-density solids-free brine or other solids-laden high-density brines and the associated success, which could be managed if the fluid design is carefully planned.

Field Application of an Innovative, Minimally Damaging Low-ECD Invert Emulsion Fluid for Drilling and Completion of HP/HT Wells: Update on Fluid Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Holger Strand ◽  
Odd Halvard Lunde ◽  
D. Nelson McMillan ◽  
Duncan Clinch ◽  
Tomasz Wroblewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Application ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Fluid

Development and First Application of an Ultra-Low Density Non-Aqueous Reservoir Drilling Fluid in the United Arab Emirates: A Viable Technical Solution to Drill Maximum Reservoir Contact Wells Across Depleted Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanujan Jeughale ◽  
Kerron Andrews ◽  
Salim Abdalla Al Ali ◽  
Takahiro Toki ◽  
Hisaya Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Organophilic Clay

Abstract Drilling and completion operations in depleted reservoirs, are challenging due to narrow margin between pore and fracture pressures. Therefore, Ultra-Low Density Reservoir Drilling Fluid (RDF) with optimum parameters is required to drill these wells safely. Design and effective field application of a sound engineered fluid solution to fulfill these operational demands are described. Ultra-Low Density RDF NAF with minimal fluid invasion characteristics was developed after extensive lab testing, to cover the fluid density from 7.2 – 8.0 ppg. The fluid properties were optimized based on reservoir requirements and challenging bottom-hole conditions. The design criteria benchmarks and field application details are presented. Fluids were stress tested for drill solids, reservoir water and density increase contamination. Multi-segment collaboration and teamwork were key during job planning and on-site job execution, to achieve operational success. For the first time in UAE, a major Offshore Operator successfully applied an Ultra-Low Density RDF-NAF, which provided remarkable stability and performance. The fluid was tested in the lab with polymeric viscosifier alone and in combination with organophilic clay. In order to gain rheology during the initial mixing, about 3.0 ppb of organophilic clay were introduced to system along with the polymeric viscosifier. Later, all the new fluid batches were built with polymeric additives alone to achieve target properties. A total of 10,250 ft of 8 ½" horizontal section was drilled to section TD with record ROP compared to previous wells in the same field, with no fluids related complications. With limited support from the solid control equipment, the team managed to keep the density ranging from 7.5 ppg to 7.8 ppg at surface condition, using premixed dilution. Bridging was monitored through actual testing on location and successfully maintained the target PSD values throughout the section by splitting the flow on three shaker screen size combination. Due to non-operation related issues, hole was kept static for 20 days. After such long static time, 8 ½" drilling BHA was run to bottom smoothly precautionary breaking circulation every 5 stands. Finally, after successful logging operation, 6 5/8" LEL liner was set to TD and the well completed as planned. Success of this field application indicates that an Ultra-Low density fluid can be designed, run successfully and deliver exemplary performance. Lessons learned are compared with conceptual design for future optimization. Laboratory test results are presented, which formed the basis of a seamless planned field application.

Investigation of Biodiesel-Based Drilling Fluid, Part 1: Biodiesel Evaluation, Invert-Emulsion Properties, and Development of a Novel Emulsifier Package

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1755-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Li ◽  
Xionghu Zhao ◽  
Yihui Ji ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Organophilic Clay

Summary As a type of mono-alkyl ester, biodiesel exhibits great potential to serve as the base oil of drilling fluids substituting for conventional oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs). This paper presents a series of laboratory investigations of water-in-biodiesel (invert) emulsion as the basis of a high-performance, environmentally friendly, and low-cost biodiesel-based drilling fluid (BBDF). Biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was used to formulate a BBDF because of its high flashpoint, reliable storage stability, acceptable elastomeric material compatibility, nontoxicity, and excellent biodegradability. In light of the results of tests used to measure various properties, the biodiesel invert-emulsion chemistry, including the required hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB), optimal emulsifier, effects of different additives (organophilic clay, calcium chloride, and lime), as well as hydrolytic stability, was studied. A biodiesel invert emulsion that remains stable after hot rolling at 120°C for 16 hours can be prepared with correct combinations of additives, thereby offering a firm foundation for designing BBDFs. The novel emulsifier package developed in this work is introduced as an achievement in the comprehensive usage of waste cooking oil because its feedstock is identical to that of biodiesel. An initial economic analysis of the use of biodiesel for drilling is also presented. Details of the formulations and properties of BBDFs derived from this fundamental research are discussed in another paper (Part 2).

Development and Field Application of an Innovative, Minimally Damaging, Low-ECD Invert Emulsion Fluid for Enhanced Drilling and Completion of HP/HT Wells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nelson McMillan ◽  
Odd Halvard Lunde ◽  
Renate Mikalsen ◽  
Yngve Mæland ◽  
Tomasz Wroblewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Application ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Fluid

Solidifying Mud Cake to Improve Cementing Quality of Shale Gas Well: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Ju Huang ◽  
Su Zhang ◽  
Xinzhong Hu ◽  
Hangxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Gas Bearing

The purpose of this study is to improve the cementing quality of shale gas well by mud cake solidification, as well as to provide the better annular isolation for its hydraulic fracturing development. Based on the self-established experimental method and API RP 10, the effects of mud cake solidifiers on the shear strength at cement-interlayer interface (SSCFI) were evaluated. After curing for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, SSCFI was remarkably improved by 629.03%, 222.37%, 241.43% and 273.33%, respectively, compared with the original technology. Moreover, the compatibility among the mud cake solidifier, cement slurry, drilling fluid and prepad fluid meets the safety requirements for cementing operation. An application example in a shale gas well (Yuanye HF-1) was also presented. The high quality ratio of cementing quality is 93.49% of the whole well section, while the unqualified ratio of adjacent well (Yuanba 9) is 84.46%. Moreover, the cementing quality of six gas-bearing reservoirs is high. This paper also discussed the mechanism of mud cake solidification. The reactions among H3AlO42- and H3SiO4- from alkali-dissolved reaction, Na+ and H3SiO4- in the mud cake solidifiers, and Ca2+ and OH- from cement slurry form the natrolite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with different silicate-calcium ratio. Based on these, SSCFI and cementing quality were improved.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relation between Mud Components and Rheology for Loss Circulation Prevention Using Polymeric Gels: A Machine Learning Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Musaab I. Magzoub ◽  
Raj Kiran ◽  
Saeed Salehi ◽  
Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein ◽  
Mustafa S. Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Drilling Operations

The traditional way to mitigate loss circulation in drilling operations is to use preventative and curative materials. However, it is difficult to quantify the amount of materials from every possible combination to produce customized rheological properties. In this study, machine learning (ML) is used to develop a framework to identify material composition for loss circulation applications based on the desired rheological characteristics. The relation between the rheological properties and the mud components for polyacrylamide/polyethyleneimine (PAM/PEI)-based mud is assessed experimentally. Four different ML algorithms were implemented to model the rheological data for various mud components at different concentrations and testing conditions. These four algorithms include (a) k-Nearest Neighbor, (b) Random Forest, (c) Gradient Boosting, and (d) AdaBoosting. The Gradient Boosting model showed the highest accuracy (91 and 74% for plastic and apparent viscosity, respectively), which can be further used for hydraulic calculations. Overall, the experimental study presented in this paper, together with the proposed ML-based framework, adds valuable information to the design of PAM/PEI-based mud. The ML models allowed a wide range of rheology assessments for various drilling fluid formulations with a mean accuracy of up to 91%. The case study has shown that with the appropriate combination of materials, reasonable rheological properties could be achieved to prevent loss circulation by managing the equivalent circulating density (ECD).

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