Increased ROP by 18% in Norway and in Other Applications through Optimizing Cutter Geometry from Laboratory Tests, Numerical Models and Field Tests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Izbinski ◽  
Jennifer Cardoe ◽  
John Bomidi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Field Tests

scholarly journals Point Load Test of Half-Cylinder Core Using the Numerical Model and Laboratory Tests: Size Suggestion and Correlation with Cylinder Core

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Ren ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Rongxing He ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Point Load Test ◽  
Calculation Procedures

The point load test (PLT) is intended as an index test for rock strength classification or estimations of other strength parameters because it is economical and simple to conduct in the laboratory and in field tests. In the literature, calculation procedures for cylinder cores, blocks, or irregular lumps can be found, but no study has researched such procedures for half-cylinder cores. This paper presents the numerical model and laboratory tests for half-cylinder and cylinder specimens. The results for half-cylinder and cylinder specimens are then presented, analysed, and discussed. A correlation of failure load between half-cylinder and cylinder specimens is established with a suitable size suggestion and correction factor. It is found that the failure load becomes stable when half-cylinder specimens have a length/diameter ratio higher than 0.9. In addition, the results show that the point load strength index (PLSI) of half-cylinder cores can be calculated using the calculation procedures for diametral testing on cylinder cores, and it is necessary to satisfy the conditions that the length/diameter ratio be higher than 0.9 and the failure load be multiplied by 0.8.

scholarly journals Comparison analysis of using micrometers and strain gauges for measuring deformations and loads in the method of monitoring the stress-strain state

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
M. O. Lobovskiy ◽  
◽  
A. L. Tukkiya ◽  
P. A. Pyatkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State

The micrometer method for measuring deformations and loads in bar elements has proved to be effective not only in laboratory tests, but also in field tests on a real construction site. Having carried out a comparative analysis of the method proposed by the authors for monitoring the stress-strain state (SSS) with the strain gauge method which is widely used at present, the authors have proved that the method for measuring deformations and loads using a micrometer is not inferior in accuracy to the strain gauge method, although it is much cheaper.

scholarly journals Acoustic nondestructive testing and measurement of tension for steel reinforcing members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McInerney ◽  
Matthew Brenner ◽  
Sean Morefield ◽  
Robert Weber ◽  
John Carlyle
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Shear Velocity ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Unstressed State ◽  
Testing And Measurement ◽  
Theory And Model

Many concrete structures contain internal post-tensioned steel structural members that are subject to fracturing and corrosion. The major problem with conventional tension measurement techniques is that they use indirect and non-quantitative methods to determine whether there has been a loss of tension. This work developed an acoustics-based technology and method for making quantitative tension measurements of an embedded, tensioned steel member. The theory and model were verified in the laboratory using a variety of steel rods as test specimens. Field tests of the method were conducted at three Corps of Engineers dams. Measurements of the longitudinal and shear velocity were done on rods up to 50 ft long. Not all rods of this length were able to be measured and the quality and consistency of the signal varied. There were fewer problems measuring the longitudinal velocity than shear velocity. While the tension predictions worked in the laboratory tests, the tension could not be accurately calculated for any of the field sites because researchers could not obtain the longitudinal or shear velocities in an unstressed state, or precise measurements of the longitudinal and shear velocities due to the unknown precise length of the rods in the tensioned state.

Flow Fields Inside Stocked Fish Cages and the Near Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars C. Gansel ◽  
Siri Rackebrandt ◽  
Frode Oppedal ◽  
Thomas A. McClimans
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Swimming Depth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fish Cages

This study explores the average flow field inside and around stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fish cages. Laboratory tests and field measurements were conducted to study flow patterns around and through fish cages and the effect of fish on the water flow. Currents were measured around an empty and a stocked fish cage in a fjord to verify the results obtained from laboratory tests without fish and to study the effects of fish swimming in the cage. Fluorescein, a nontoxic, fluorescent dye, was released inside a stocked fish cage for visualization of three-dimensional flow patterns inside the cage. Atlantic salmon tend to form a torus shaped school and swim in a circular path, following the net during the daytime. Current measurements around an empty and a stocked fish cage show a strong influence of fish swimming in this circular pattern: while most of the oncoming water mass passes through the empty cage, significantly more water is pushed around the stocked fish cage. Dye experiments show that surface water inside stocked fish cages converges toward the center, where it sinks and spreads out of the cage at the depth of maximum biomass. In order to achieve a circular motion, fish must accelerate toward the center of the cage. This inward-directed force must be balanced by an outward force that pushes the water out of the cage, resulting in a low pressure area in the center of the rotational motion of the fish. Thus, water is pulled from above and below the fish swimming depth. Laboratory tests with empty cages agree well with field measurements around empty fish cages, and give a good starting point for further laboratory tests including the effect of fish-induced currents inside the cage to document the details of the flow patterns inside and adjacent to stocked fish cages. The results of such experiments can be used as benchmarks for numerical models to simulate the water flow in and around net pens, and model the oxygen supply and the spreading of wastes in the near wake of stocked fish farms.

Air speed effects during drying of harvested pasture material

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Drying Rates

Laboratory and field investigations indicated effects of air speed on the drying rates of harvested clover and ryegrass. In laboratory tests, the drying rates of material of high moisture content increased with increasing air speed to 0.4 m sec-1 past single units or through bulked material, and to 4 m sec-1 over bulked material. These critical air speeds decreased as drying progressed. Critical through-speeds, initially unattainable even with high speeds over bulked material, could then be attained at moderate over-speeds. The effects were confirmed during field tests involving material bulked into swaths and windrows such as are employed in the field drying of mown pasture for conservation as hay. Effective external (surface) resistances of material in swaths and windrows were estimated to be 8–12 times those of plant units exposed singly. Evidence is presented that "turning" of material during field drying, to release entrapped water vapour, is necessary even on windy days in the early stages of drying, and on still days in the later stages. Under still but otherwise favourable conditions, turning appears necessary also as a substitute for the continuous supply of warm air to spaces within the bulk.

Biological control of Eutypa armeniacae. 4. Design and performance of an applicator for metered delivery of protective aerosols during pruning

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Carter ◽  
LF Mullett
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Biological Matter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Aerosol Form ◽  
Three Components

The paper describes the development of a prototype applicator for delivery of protective mixtures, in aerosol form, to the wounded sapwood surfaces exposed during pruning. The equipment has three components : a 2 litre day-service tank, a light weight belt-mounted piston pump, and a modification of a standard pneumatic-powered pruning handgun. Laboratory tests of the applicator have proved its ability to deliver, repeatedly, a uniform dose of aerosol containing sufficient particulate chemical and/or biological matter to protect apricot sapwood from invasion by Eutypa armeniacae. Field tests of the equipment in two orchards demonstrated that from 90-100 per cent of wounds can be treated for the addition of less than 20 per cent to the time required to prune a tree. Over a period of three weeks' use no mechanical defects developed. Estimated volume of protective fluid required per day, treating up to 90 per cent of wounds, is less than two litres.

GPR laboratory tests and numerical models to characterize cracks in cement concrete specimens, exemplifying damage in rigid pavement

Measurement ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 107662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mezgeen A. Rasol ◽  
Vega Pérez-Gracia ◽  
Francisco M. Fernandes ◽  
Jorge C. Pais ◽  
Sonia Santos-Assunçao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Rigid Pavement

RECENT ADVANCES IN DISPERSANT EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION: EXPERIMENTAL AND FIELD ASPECTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Desmarquest ◽  
J. Croquette ◽  
F. Merlin ◽  
C. Bocard ◽  
G. Castaing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Good Accord ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Although dispersants are used in different countries, it appeared from recent international meetings that more knowledge concerning dispersant effectiveness is still needed for a better response to oil spills. Large field trials which were conducted during the past two years raised some questions as to how dispersants work at sea. Even though the results obtained in different laboratory tests are generally in good accord, significant discrepancies of practical interest may be observed because of variations in the experimental conditions. With EEC support, an experimental program has been conducted by CEDRE and Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP), both with the already-described French middle scale field test and with different laboratory tests (U.K. and French standard tests and the recently developed dilution test). With the objective of correlating the results obtained in field tests and in laboratory tests, several parameters were investigated at sea with different dispersants: the type and viscosity of the oil, slick thickness, and oil to dispersant ratio. Based mainly on the results obtained in the laboratory with dilution tests, new aspects of dispersant behavior have been identified, relating to the nature of the oil and the energy input.

scholarly journals A 1-Year Study of Endurance Runners: Training, Laboratory Tests, and Field Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Galbraith ◽  
James Hopker ◽  
Marco Cardinale ◽  
Brian Cunniffe ◽  
Louis Passfield
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Endurance Runners

Purpose:To examine the training and concomitant changes in laboratory- and field-test performance of highly trained endurance runners.Methods:Fourteen highly trained male endurance runners (mean ± SD maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 69.8 ± 6.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed this 1-y training study commencing in April. During the study the runners undertook 5 laboratory tests of VO2max, lactate threshold (LT), and running economy and 9 field tests to determine critical speed (CS) and the modeled maximum distance performed above CS (D′). The data for different periods of the year were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. The influence of training on laboratory- and field-test changes was analyzed by multiple regression.Results:Total training distance varied during the year and was lower in May–July (333 ± 206 km, P = .01) and July–August (339 ± 206 km, P = .02) than in the subsequent January–February period (474 ± 188 km). VO2max increased from the April baseline (4.7 ± 0.4 L/min) in October and January periods (5.0 ± 0.4 L/min, P ≤ .01). Other laboratory measures did not change. Runners’ CS was lowest in August (4.90 ± 0.32 m/s) and highest in February (4.99 ± 0.30 m/s, P = .02). Total training distance and the percentage of training time spent above LT velocity explained 33% of the variation in CS.Conclusion:Highly trained endurance runners achieve small but significant changes in VO2max and CS in a year. Increases in training distance and time above LT velocity were related to increases in CS.

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