A Novel Re-Crosslinkable Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control in Extreme Heterogeneous Reservoirs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyang Pu ◽  
Baojun Bai ◽  
Ali Alhuraishawy ◽  
Thomas Schuman ◽  
Yashu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformance Control ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel

An Investigation of CO2-Responsive Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control of CO2 Flooding in Reservoirs With Fractures or Fracture-Like Channels

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 2398-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Wang ◽  
Baojun Bai ◽  
Yifu Long ◽  
Lizhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Residual Resistance ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel ◽  
Plugging Performance ◽  
Residual Resistance Factor

Summary Gel treatment is an important technique to solve early CO2 breakthrough and excess–CO2–production problems, caused by the low viscosity and low density of CO2, as well as the heterogeneity of reservoirs with fractures or fracture–like channels. However, there is no reported work on gel that increases its volume after reacting with CO2 (termed CO2–responsive gel) for the conformance control of CO2 flooding. In this paper, the intrinsic properties of a CO2–responsive preformed particle gel (CR–PPG) were evaluated in a water/supercritical–CO2 (scCO2) environment in high–pressure vessels. Continuous scCO2 injection and CR–PPG treatment were conducted in fractured sandstone cores, to probe their plugging performance to scCO2 flow in a high–permeability–contrast system. The volumetric swelling ratio (VSR) of the CR–PPG increased by approximately two times in the presence of scCO2, compared with a sample under similar conditions in the absence of scCO2. The CR–PPG swelling ratio decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Under the same conditions, the temperature did not have an apparent effect on the swelling ratio after 31 days of swelling. In coreflooding experiments, the placed CR–PPG resisted a considerable pressure up to 617.0 psi before breakthrough. After a shut–in process, CO2–breakthrough pressure was detected at 437.2 psi. It is observed that the shut–in process improved the plugging performance of CR–PPG to CO2 as revealed by the increase in the residual resistance factor. Controlling the shut–in time was found to be effective in augmenting the increase in the residual resistance factor, by increasing the VSR of placed CR–PPG. Resistance of CR–PPG to some real field challenges, including a high pressure gradient and long–term exposure to CO2, was also reported for field–applicability concerns.

Adaptability Evaluation of Conformance Control Agents in Low Permeability Reservoirs with Fractures

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Zhao ◽  
Shu Jun Cao ◽  
Ji Rui Hou
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Particle Type ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Fracture Width ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

Several conformance control agents, including preformed particle gel, emulsion microspheres, continuous chromium gel and underground starch graft copolymer gel were evaluated. The properties such as gelation time and gel strength of gel, and expansion of particles and microspheres were tested at high temperature. Also, the injection pressure, plugging strength and resistance factor were measured using the artificial low permeability cores with fractures. It was shown that, for particle type conformance control agents, the particle size should be adaptable with the fracture width. Also, for continuous chromium gel, the added polymer concentration higher, the viscosity is higher, with higher plugging strength. The plugging and strength should be coordinated. The starch graft copolymer gel is easy to be injected into formation and has good plugging property. The results show that underground starch graft gel is more suitable for conformance control in low permeability formation with fractures.

scholarly journals Enhanced oil recovery ability of branched preformed particle gel in heterogeneous reservoirs

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yu ◽  
Qian Sang ◽  
Mingzhe Dong
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Reservoir Heterogeneity ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel ◽  
Profile Control

Reservoir heterogeneity is the main cause of high water production and low oil recovery in oilfields. Extreme heterogeneity results in a serious fingering phenomenon of the displacing fluid in high permeability channels. To enhance total oil recovery, the selective plugging of high permeability zones and the resulting improvement of sweep efficiency of the displacing fluids in low permeability areas are important. Recently, a Branched Preformed Particle Gel (B-PPG) was developed to improve reservoir heterogeneity and enhance oil recovery. In this work, conformance control performance and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) ability of B-PPG in heterogeneous reservoirs were systematically investigated, using heterogeneous dual sandpack flooding experiments. The results show that B-PPG can effectively plug the high permeability sandpacks and cause displacing fluid to divert to the low permeability sandpacks. The water injection profile could be significantly improved by B-PPG treatment. B-PPG exhibits good performance in profile control when the high/low permeability ratio of the heterogeneous dual sandpacks is less than 7 and the injected B-PPG slug size is between 0.25 and 1.0 PV. The oil recovery increment enhanced by B-PPG after initial water flooding increases with the increase in temperature, sandpack heterogeneity and injected B-PPG slug size, and it decreases slightly with the increase of simulated formation brine salinity. Choosing an appropriate B-PPG concentration is important for B-PPG treatments in oilfield applications. B-PPG is an efficient flow diversion agent, it can significantly increase sweep efficiency of displacing fluid in low permeability areas, which is beneficial to enhanced oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs.

Preformed Particle Gel for Conformance Control: Factors Affecting Its Properties and Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojun Bai ◽  
Liangxiong Li ◽  
Yuzhang Liu ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Zhongguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformance Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preformed Particle Gel ◽  
Control Factors
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