Self-Adaptive Depth of Cut Control Technology: A Path-Breaking Approach to Address Torsional Dysfunction and Securing Drilling Performance Gain in Challenging Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Well

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashabikash Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Ralph Serrano ◽  
Brisk Martin ◽  
Jonathan Landry
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Self Adaptive

Pushing the Limits in Offshore Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hugo Vizcarra Marin ◽  
Alex Ngan ◽  
Roberto Pineda ◽  
Juan Carlos Gomez ◽  
Jose Antonio Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Engineering

Abstract Given the increased demands on the production of hydrocarbons and cost-effectiveness for the Operator's development wells, the industry is challenged to continually explore new technology and methodology to improve drilling performance and operational efficiency. In this paper, two recent case histories showcase the technology, drilling engineering, and real-time optimization that resulted in record drilling times. The wells are located on shallow water in the Gulf of Mexico, with numerous drilling challenges, which typically resulted in significant Non-Productive Time (NPT). Through close collaboration with the Operator, early planning with a clear understanding of offset wells challenges, well plan that minimize drilling in the Upper Cretaceous "Brecha" Formation were formulated. The well plan was also designed to reduce the risk of stuck pipe while meeting the requirements to penetrate the geological targets laterally to increase the area of contact in the reservoir section. This project encapsulates the successful application of the latest Push-the-Bit Rotary Steerable System (RSS) with borehole enlargement technology through a proven drilling engineering process to optimize the drilling bottomhole assembly, bit selection, drilling parameters, and real-time monitoring & optimization The records drilling times in the two case histories can be replicated and further improved. A list of lessons learned and recommendations for the future wells are discussed. These include the well trajectory planning, directional drilling BHA optimization, directional control plan, drilling parameters to optimize hole cleaning, and downhole shocks & vibrations management during drilling and underreaming operation to increase the drilling performance ultimately. Also, it includes a proposed drilling blueprint to continually push the limit of incremental drilling performance through the use of RSS with hydraulics drilling reamers through the Jurassic-age formations in shallow waters, Gulf of Mexico.

Enhancing Reamer Drilling Performance in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Wells

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-356
Author(s):  
Cesar Soares ◽  
Miguel Armenta ◽  
Neilkunal Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Drilling Performance

SEM Observations on Wear Mechanism of TiN–Coated HSS Twist Drills When Drilling Mild Steel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Talib ◽  
S. Saad ◽  
M. R. M. Toff ◽  
A. H. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Twist Drill ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Twist Drills

Dalam kajian ini, haus mekanikal Keluli Laju Tinggi (KLT) telah dikaji dengan menjalankan ujian prestasi gerudi ke atas bahan kerja diperbuat daripada keluli lembut. Salutan TiN ke atas HSS twist drills diperolehi dengan menggunakan kaedah bertindak balas frekuensi radio pemercitan magnetron yang mana dibangunkan secara dalaman. Ujian prestasi gerudi dijalankan pada kelajuan pusingan 1,600 psm, kadar suapan 20 mm/minit dengan kedalaman penggerudian 25 mm. Perubahan morfologi permukaan haus diperhatikan dengan menggunakan kaedah Kemikroskopan Imbasan Elektron (KEI). Keputusan morfologi menunjukkan mekanisme rekatan dan haba beroperasi semasa proses penggerudian. Kertas kerja ini juga akan membincangkan secara mendalam proses penjanaan mekanisme haus rekatan dan haba semasa penggerudian gerudi piuhan ke atas plat keluli lembut. Keputusan ujian prestasi gerudi menunjukkan salutan TiN terendap ke atas KLT gerudi piuhan telah meningkatkan umur gerudi melebihi dua kali ganda jika dibandingkan dengan gerudi yang tidak bersalut. Kata kunci: Gerudi KLT, KEI, mekanisme haus, rekatan, haba In this study, High Speed Steel (HSS) twist drills were investigated for mechanical wear by performing drilling test on the work piece of mild steel plate. TiN coatings onto the HSS twist drills were achieved by employing reactive radio frequency (r.f) magnetron sputtering technique, which was developed in–house. The drilling performance tests were set at a rotation speed of 1,600 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and depth of cut of 25 mm. The morphological changes of the wear surface were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results of morphological examination showed that the failure mechanisms in operation during drilling were found to be adhesive and thermal wear mechanism. This paper will also discuss explicitly the processes of adhesive and thermal wear mechanism generated during drilling of twist drill on mild steel plate. Results of drilling performance test showed that the TiN coating deposited on the HSS twist drill had improved drill life by more than 2 times as compared with uncoated drill. Key words: HSS drill, SEM, wear mechanism, adhesive, thermal

Mathematical Model of the Diamond-Bit Drilling Process and Its Practical Application

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata B. Ziaja ◽  
Stefan Miska
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Diamond Bit

Abstract With several limiting assumptions, a mathematical model of the diamond-bit drilling, process has been developed. The model represented by an instantaneous rate-of-penetration equation takes into account the reduction in penetration rate during drilling resulting from bit wear. The model has been tested both under laboratory and under field conditions. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental results has shown reasonable agreement. A method for estimating rock properties also has been established. Using this method, we can find the so-called index of rock strength and the index of rock abrasiveness. Introduction Several published studies concerned with diamond-bit drilling report on rock properties and drillability. drilling fluid additives, diamond wear, and drilling performance theories. Among the factors, that affect diamond-bit drilling performance, the type of formation to be drilled is of utmost importance since it significantly affects the type of bit, the drilling practices. and subsequently the rate of penetration and the drilling cost. The nature of the formation is also one of the main factors in planning deep wells, fracture jobs, mud and cement technologies, etc. For rock properties evaluation as well as for selection of proper drilling practices, several descriptions of the diamond-bit drilling process have been developed. The relevant literature is extensive and is not reviewed in this paper. The objective of this paper is to describe the diamondbit drilling model for surface-set diamond core bits and its application to determining the index of formation strength and the index of formation abrasiveness. The main difference between our model and the models known in literature is that we consider the effect of friction between the diamond cutting surfaces and the rock. A decrease in penetration rate is observed if the drilling parameters, are constant and if the formation is macroscopohomogeneous. Drilling Model The drilling model for a surface-set diamond core bit is subjected to the following limiting assumptions.Rock behavior during cutting with a single diamond may be approximated by a rigid Coulomb plastic material.The active surface of the bit is flat, and diamonds are spherical with diameter. d.The cross-sectional area of the chip formed by a single diamond is equal to the diamond cutting surface and can be established by geometry.During drilling, the neighboring diamonds work together to make a uniform depth of cut (Fig. 1).A number of diamonds forming one equivalent blade have to provide it uniform depth of cut from the inner to the outer diameter of the diamond core bit. so the bit is modeled to be a combination of several equivalent blades (Fig. 2).The diamond distribution technique provides uniform radial coverage that results in equally loaded cutting diamonds.Individual cutting diamonds perform some work that results from the friction between the rock and the diamond.Bit wear is assumed to be gradual while drilling is in progress. Under the preceding assumptions we may state that the drilling rate of the surface-set diamond core bit is a function only of weight on bit (WOB), rotary speed, average density of the diamonds on the bit's active surface, diamond size, core-bit diameters, rock properties, and degree of diamond dullness. The effects of flow rate, differential pressure, hydraulic lift, drilling fluid properties. and drillstring dynamics are ignored. According to Peterson, the penetration rate of the diamond bit, after some modifications, can be described by the following simplified equation. (1) This equation does not include the effect of diamond wear and hence pertains to unworn bits or to when bit dullness is negligible. SPEJ P. 911^

Baseline Development of Rock Anisotropy Investigation Utilizing Empirical Relationships Between Oriented Physical and Mechanical Measurements and Drilling Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam N. Abugharara ◽  
Abourawi M. Alwaar ◽  
Stephen D. Butt ◽  
Charles A. Hurich
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Anisotropic Rock ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Mechanical Measurements ◽  
Rock Anisotropy

This paper describes a baseline investigation to confirm the isotropy of rocks material through physical and mechanical measurements followed by oriented drilling. This baseline is intended to evaluate drilling experiments in anisotropic rock materials to determine the significance of the anisotropy on drilling performance. The conducted tests include oriented measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities (Vp and Vs, respectively), density, Elastic Moduli, Point Load Strength Index (PLI), Indirect Tensile (IT) strength, and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS). The oriented laboratory drilling experiments were conducted under various pump flow rates and several weights on bit (WOB). In this work, an isotropic rock like material (RLM) was developed using Portland cement and fine-grained aggregate. The tested RLM specimens were of medium strength of ∼50 MPa. The RLM samples were cored in different orientations and then, tested and drilled according to these orientations. (e.g. 0°, 45° and 90°, representing horizontal, diagonal and vertical directions, respectively). Two main sets of lab tests were performed including pre-drilling and drilling tests. For the pre-drilling lab experiments, two main sets of tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of samples (as outlined above) including PLI, IT, UCS, Vp, Vs, density and corresponding isotropic Dynamic Elastic Moduli. For the drilling tests, a vertical lab scale drilling rig was used with a 35 mm dual-cutter Polycrystalline Diamond Compact “PDC” bit. The drilling parameters involved were flow rates, nominal rotary speed of 300 rpm, and various WOB under atmospheric pressure. The relationships between the drilling data were analyzed including drilling rate of penetration (ROP), depth of cut (DOC), and corresponding effective WOB. The results of all mechanical, physical and drilling measurements and tests show consistent values indicating the isotropy of the tested rock material. This consistency verifies that the drilling tests are free of bias associated with drilling orientation.

Study of the Influence of Shale Anisotropy Orientation on Directional Drilling Performance in Shale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam N. Abugharara ◽  
Charles A. Hurich ◽  
John Molgaard ◽  
Stephen D. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Mechanical Measurements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Weight On Bit ◽  
Shale Anisotropy

The influence of shale anisotropy orientation on shale drilling performance has been studied using a new laboratory procedure. This procedure includes drilling and testing three sets of shale samples in different orientations from a single rock sample. Shale samples of different types were collected from outcrops located at Conception Bay South (CBS) in Newfoundland, Canada. For predrilling tests, oriented physical and mechanical measurements on each type of shale were conducted on the same rocks that will be drilled later. For drilling tests, three sets of tests were conducted. Each set was in a different orientation, corresponding to those in the physical and mechanical measurements. Each set was conducted under the same drilling parameters of pressure, flow rate (FR), and weight on bit (WOB) using a fully instrumented laboratory scale drilling rig. Two different types of drill bits were used, including a 35 mm dual cutter PDC bit and a 25.4 mm diamond coring bit. The drilling data was analyzed by constructing relationships between drilling rate of penetration (ROP) versus orientation (i.e. 0°, 45°, or 90°). The analysis also included relationships between WOB and bit cutter Depth of Cut (DOC), Revolution Per Minute (RPM), and Torque (TRQ). All the above relations were evaluated as a function of shale bedding orientation. This evaluation can assist in understanding the influence of shale anisotropy on oriented drilling. Details of the conducted tests and results are reported.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Shale Anisotropy Orientation on the Main Drilling Parameters Influencing Oriented Drilling Performance in Shale

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Abugharara ◽  
Bashir Mohamed ◽  
C. Hurich ◽  
J. Molgaard ◽  
S. D. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Bedding Plane ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Weight On Bit ◽  
Shale Anisotropy

The influence of shale anisotropy and orientation on shale drilling performance was studied with an instrumented laboratory drilling rig with a 38.1-mm dual-cutter polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, operating at a nominally fixed rotational speed with a constant rate of flow of drilling fluid—water. However, the rate of rotation (rpm) was affected by the weight on bit (WOB), as was the torque (TRQ) produced. The WOB also affected the depth of cut (DOC). All these variables, WOB, rpm, TRQ, and DOC, were monitored dynamically, for example, rpm with a resolution of one-third of a revolution (samples at time intervals of 0.07 s.) The shale studied was from Newfoundland and was compared with similar tests on granite, also from a local site. Similar tests were also conducted on the concrete made with fine aggregate, used as “rock-like material” (RLM). The shale samples were embedded (laterally confined) in the concrete while drilled in directions perpendicular, parallel, and at 45 deg orientations to bedding planes. Cores were produced from all three materials in several directions for the determination of oriented physical properties derived from ultrasonic testing and oriented unconfined compressive strength (OUCS). In the case of shale, directions were set relative to the bedding. In this study, both primary (or compression) velocity Vp and shear ultrasonic velocity Vs were found to vary with orientation on the local shale samples cored parallel to bedding planes, while Vp and Vs varied, but only slightly, with orientation in tests on granite and RLM. The OUCS data for shale, published elsewhere, support the OUCS theory of this work. The OUCS is high perpendicular and parallel to shale bedding, and is low oblique to shale bedding. Correlations were found between the test parameters determined from the drilling tests on local shale. As expected, ROP, DOC, and TRQ increase with increasing WOB, while there are inverse relationships between ROP, DOC, and TRQ with rpm on the other hand. All these parameters vary with orientation to the bedding plane.

PFC-2D Numerical Study of the Influence of Passive Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling Tool (pVARD) on Drilling Performance Enhancement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abourawi Alwaar ◽  
Abdelsalam N. Abugharara ◽  
Stephen D. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Particle Flow Code ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rotary Drilling ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Drilling Performance

The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of the implementing the downhole Passive Vibration Assisting Rotary Drilling (pVARD) Tool on enhancing drilling performance using a numerical study utilizing a Particle Flow Code (PFC-2D). The work is comprised of a numerical study of a simulation using the PFC-2D on an experimental work described in ARMA 15-492 (Rana et al, 2015). The numerical study was performed to validate the experimental work following the steps, procedure, and conditions performed in the laboratory work. The numerical study of the laboratory work involves not only the evaluation of drilling rate of penetration (ROP), but it also includes the Depth of Cut (DOC) of the bit cutters and the Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE). This numerical work also includes comparison study of drilling performance under various configurations of the pVARD tool, which represents a controlled downhole vibration against the rigid drilling configuration that represents the conventional rotary drilling. The pVARD configurations involves pVARD low spring compliance, medium spring compliance, and high spring compliance. The drilling output parameters of DOC, MSE, and ROP are then studied and analyzed in all pVARD and non-pVARD configurations. Likewise of the experimental work, the result of the numerical simulation approves the experimental work and it indicates the positive effect of utilizing the downhole pVARD on improving ROP. The drilling performance enhancement is also supported by the DOC and the MSE result.

Analysis of Surface Set Diamond Bit Performance

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Rowley ◽  
F.C. Appl
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Rock Formation ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Diamond Bit

Abstract With, the assumption of perfect cleaning, a theory of the drilling performance of surface set diamond bits has been developed. The analysis is based on the previously developed theory of the cutting action of a single diamond, in which it was assumed that rock behavior during cutting may be approximated by that of a rigid-plastic, Coulomb material. With specified drilling conditions and rock formation, expressions for bit torque and bit weight are obtained in terms of bit penetration rate. Expressions also are obtained for the depths of cut of the diamonds. Note that depth of cut and diamond cutting force vary considerably over the cutting surface of the bit. Theoretical results are compared with experimental results for full hole bits and core bits. The agreement is reasonable. Introduction A theoretical analysis of single diamond cutting action on rock has been presented. Equations were established for the stress distribution on the cutting surface of the diamond, for the normal and the tangential cutting forces, and for the chip volume removed by the diamond. These relations were obtained by assuming that the principal, mode of material removal is by "ploughing", and that the rock formation may be approximated by a rigid-plastic, Coulomb material. It is pertinent to consider the drilling performance of a surface set diamond bit, since the over-all performance is determined by the total effect of the individual diamonds on the cutting surface of the bit. A complete analysis of surface set diamond bit performance should take into account the interaction performance should take into account the interaction of the drilling fluid with the mechanics of the cutting action. All material loosened by the diamonds must be carried away by the drilling fluid as it flows between the cutting face of the bit and the rock being cut. The geometry of the clearance between bit and rock is dependent on the diamond catting action as well as the bit geometry. Still there are many factors related to chip generation and removal. that are not understood, and hence, a complete analysis of bit performance including bit hydraulics effects has not been attempted. The present study relates primarily to the mechanics of cutting. It will be assumed that all of the material removed by the diamonds is immediately flushed away by the drilling fluid. The performance of a diamond bit will be determined for conditions of "perfect cleaning". Theoretical results for penetration rate will, therefore, correspond to the upper limit insofar as cleaning is concerned. Using the previous theory of cutting action, one important step remains in order to determine diamond bit performance. The depth of cut of the diamonds must be determined in terms of bit geometry and drilling rate. Most bits have a relatively large number of diamonds spaced rather closely, together. Various spacing patterns are used. However, irregularities in diamond shape and variation due to manufacturing procedures result in deviations that are as large or procedures result in deviations that are as large or larger than the average depth of cut of the individual diamonds. On a new bit it is probable that there are some diamonds that do not cut at all. It seems impractical to attempt to determine the depth of cut of each individual diamond. Statistical treatment of the depth of cut is perhaps the most desirable. Since there is a large number of cutting points, it has been assumed that the performance of the bit as a whole does not depend significantly on the exact nature of the variation in depth of cut and spacing at each radius. We assumed that at any given radius on the bit cutting surface, the diamonds are either randomly spaced or uniformly spaced and that the diamonds along the circumference at any given radius share the work equally. Also, we assume that the drilling conditions and the rock formation remain constant and that steady-state conditions prevail. SPEJ P. 501

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