Design of Acid Fracturing Treatment With Double Fluid System

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xun Wang ◽  
Yun Xu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fluid System ◽  
Acid Fracturing

Acid Fracturing HT/HP Gas Wells Using a Novel Surfactant Based Fluid System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Saad Al-Driweesh ◽  
Ghaithan A. Al-Muntasheri ◽  
Richard Marcinew ◽  
John Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Wells ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Acid Fracturing

A New Acid Fracturing Fluid System for High Temperature Deep Well Carbonate Reservoir

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shengjiang Lian ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Xianyou Yang ◽  
Fujian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Acid Fracturing ◽  
Deep Well

The Evaluation and Introduction of Novel Acid-Based Crosslinked Gel for HPHT Acid Fracturing Applications in Carbonate Formations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Fahad Almulhem ◽  
Ataur Malik ◽  
Mustafa Ghazwi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Acid Fracturing ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Carbonate Formations

Abstract Acid Fracturing has been one of the most effective stimulation technique applied in the carbonate formations to enhance oil and gas production. The traditional approach to stimulate the carbonate reservoir has been to pump crosslinked gel and acid blends such as plain 28% HCL, emulsified acid (EA) and in-situ gelled acid at fracture rates in order to maximize stimulated reservoir volume with desired conductivity. With the common challenges encountered in fracturing carbonate formations, including high leak-off and fast acid reaction rates, the conventional practice of acid fracturing involves complex pumping schemes of pad, acid and viscous diverter fluid cycles to achieve fracture length and conductivity targets. A new generation of Acid-Based Crosslinked (ABC) fluid system has been deployed to stimulate high temperature carbonate formations in three separate field trials aiming to provide rock-breaking viscosity, acid retardation and effective leak-off control. The ABC fluid system has been progressively introduced, initially starting as diverter / leak off control cycles of pad and acid stages. Later it was used as main acid-based fluid system for enhancing live acid penetration, diverting and reducing leakoff as well as keeping the rock open during hydraulic fracturing operation. Unlike in-situ crosslinked acid based system that uses acid reaction by products to start crosslinking process, the ABC fluid system uses a unique crosslinker/breaker combination independent of acid reaction. The system is prepared with 20% hydrochloric acid and an acrylamide polymer along with zirconium metal for delayed crosslinking in unspent acid. The ABC fluid system is aimed to reduced three fluid requirements to one by eliminating the need for an intricate pumping schedule that otherwise would include: a non-acid fracturing pad stage to breakdown the formation and generate the targeted fracture geometry; a retarded emulsified acid system to achieve deep penetrating, differently etched fractures, and a self-diverting agent to minimize fluid leak-off. This paper describes all efforts behind the introduction of this novel Acid-Based Crossliked fluid system in different field trials. Details of the fluid design optimization are included to illustrate how a single system can replace the need for multiple fluids. The ABC fluid was formulated to meet challenging bottom-hole formation conditions that resulted in encouraging post treatment well performance.

Preparation and Laboratory Evaluation of a New Type of Cross-Linking Agent for Acid Fracturing Fluid System

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 995-1000
Author(s):  
Xiang Bo Wei ◽  
Xiao Rui Li ◽  
Xiao Jia Xue ◽  
Li Ding
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Acid Fracturing ◽  
Shearing Resistance ◽  
New Type

A type of zirconium-organic cross-linking agent with excellent temperature resistance and delaying performance was prepared for acid fracturing fluid system. The factors influencing on the synthetic process of the zirconium-organic cross-linking agent were investigated and the optimum condition was obtained: 5% zirconium oxychloride, 20% ligands, reaction temperature 50~55°C, reaction time 4.0~5.0h. Then the best technology for zirconium-organic cross-linking agent and the laboratory evaluation for the acid fracturing fluid system were studied. The results showed that using the cross-linking agent can obviously improve the temperature resistance, delaying performance and the shearing resistance of the acid fracturing fluid system. Meanwhile, the zirconium-organic cross-linking agent had excellent gelout performance and sand-carrying performance, which can satisfy the fracturing operation requirement for the reservoirs below 100°C.

Liquid Crystal Trimers Incorporating Saturated Isosteres of Benzene and Exhibiting Modulated Nematic Phases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Al-Janabi ◽  
Richard Mandle
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Molecular Shape ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Structural Requirement ◽  
Disubstituted Benzene ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Bend Angles

<p>The nematic twist-bend (N<sub>TB</sub>) liquid crystal phase possesses a local helical structure with a pitch length of a few nanometres and is the first example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a fluid system. All known examples of the N­<sub>TB­</sub> phase occur in materials whose constituent mesogenic units are aromatic hydrocarbons. It is not clear if this is due to synthetic convenience or a <i>bona fide</i> structural requirement for a material to exhibit this phase of matter. In this work we demonstrate that materials consisting largely of saturated hydrocarbons could also give rise to this mesophase. Furthermore, replacement of 1,4-disubstituted benzene with <i>trans</i> 1,4-cyclohexane or even 1,4-cubane does not especially alter the transition temperatures of the resulting material nor does it appear to impact upon the heliconical tilt angle, suggesting the local structure of the phase is unperturbed. Calculating the probability distribution of bend angles reveals that the choice of isosteric group has little impact on the overall molecular shape, demonstrating the shape-driven nature of the N<sub>TB</sub> phase. </p>

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