Does Unit-Slope Beyond Maximum Producing Time Always Represent BDF in RTA?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Hasan ◽  
L. Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Unit Slope

scholarly journals Photosensitivity of the Frog Iris

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Barr ◽  
Mathew Alpern
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Membrane Polarization ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Slope Line ◽  
Short Times

The absorption of quanta by rhodopsin leads to the contraction of frog iris muscle. The contractions reach a maximum after about 8 sec. in the light. When the light is turned off the irises relax exponentially with a half-time of about 6 sec. Membrane polarization is not necessary for the response but calcium movement and membrane permeability changes probably are. The response is not mediated by acetylcholine or epinephrine. The curves of log It vs. log t for constant response amplitude bend progressively upward away from a unit slope line at short times as larger response criteria are used because (a) light influences tension development over longer times and (b) the higher intensity, shorter duration flashes are less effective.

The Rate of Ionization of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ethanolic Dimethyl Sulfoxide

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Albagli ◽  
J. R. Jones ◽  
Ross Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Ionization Rates

The rates of detritiation of triphenlymethane, 9-phenylxanthene, fluorene, 9-ethylfluorene, 9-phenylfiuorene, and 2,3-benzofluorene have been measured in ethanolic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing sodium ethoxide. When the logarithm of the ionization rate is plotted against the logarithm of the ionization rate of DMSO a straight line of near-to-unit slope is obtained in each case. There are significant differences, however, between relative ionization rates and equilibrium acidities.

Dissociation constants of host–guest complexes of alkyl-bearing compounds with β-cyclodextrin and "hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin"

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald S. Tee ◽  
Timothy A. Gadosy ◽  
Javier B. Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
A Chain

Dissociation constants (Kd) of host–guest complexes formed from β-cyclodextrin or "hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin" (β-CD and Hp-β-CD) and several types of aliphatic guests (alcohols, alkanesulfonate ions, alkylamines, and α-amino acids), with up to eight carbons in a chain, are reported. These constants were determined by inhibition kinetics and by a spectrofluorometric displacement method based on competition with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate ion as a fluorescent probe. The value of Kd for a particular amine is close to that for the corresponding alcohol. For linear alkyl derivatives, there are strong correlations between pKd (= −log Kd) and the chain length of the guest, with slopes around 0.5, complementing trends that were noted earlier. Furthermore, the strengths of binding of various aliphatic derivatives to β-CD and to Hp-β-CD are close, with Kd values for the two CDs usually being within a factor of 2 of each other. Overall, for the binding of over 50 alkyl-bearing derivatives, there is a good correlation of pKd for Hp-β-CD with that for β-CD, with unit slope. These observations imply that the binding of simple aliphatic guests to Hp-β-CD is not greatly influenced by the modification of the hydroxyl groups on the primary side of the β-CD cavity but this may not be true for longer aliphatic derivatives (>C8) or for aromatics that penetrate farther into the CD cavity. Key words: cyclodextrins, host–guest complexes, dissociation constants.

Mechanistic Information on the Aquations of Complexes of the Pentaamminecobalt(III) Series from Kinetic Studies at High Pressures

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
pp. 2739-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Jones ◽  
L. R. Carey ◽  
T. W. Swaddle
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
First Order ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

The logarithm of the pseudo-first-order rate coefficient k for the aquation of Co(NH3)5X(3–n)+ can be represented by a quadratic equation in the pressure P, or, better, by[Formula: see text]where P is in kbar, [Formula: see text] is the volume of activation at P = 0, and x is the increase in the number of water molecules solvating the complex as it goes to the transition state. For [Formula: see text]Cl−, Br−,[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at 25° [Formula: see text] and ionic strength I = 0.1 M LiClO4/HClO4, [Formula: see text] −10.6, −9.2, −6.3, and +16.8 cm3 mol−1, and x = 8.0, 4.1, 3.9, 1.9, and −4.2; for Xn− = NCS−, the mean ΔV* from P = 0.001 to 2.5 kbar at 88° is −4 cm3 mol−1. Detailed consideration of these data, especially their correlation with the molar volume of reaction by a straight line of unit slope for [Formula: see text] Cl−, Br−, NO3−, and H2O, provides strong evidence for a dissociative interchange mechanism. For [Formula: see text] the separating entity is probably HN3 rather than [Formula: see text] For Xn− = NCS−, aquation is incomplete, at practical complex concentrations; at 88.0°, 1 bar, and I = 0.1 M LiClO4/HClO4, k = 3.3 × 10−6 s−1 and the stability constant of Co(NH3)5NCS2+ is 490 M−1.

Soil zinc and its uptake by plants. II. Soil chemistry in relation to prediction of availability

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
KG Tiller ◽  
JL Honeysett ◽  
Vries MPC De
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
High Q ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
Soil Zinc

Representatives of nine soil groups were extracted with reagents that have been used to predict zinc deficiency. The amounts of soil zinc removed were discussed in terms of specific and non-specific bonding in relation to the reagent used. The desorption of natural zinc was also described in terms of the quantity/intensity (Q/I) relation and an equilibrium zinc concentration (ZnQ) at natural pH. The ZnQ values varied from 1 to 4 �gI. for the alkaline soils and 8-190 pg/l. for the acidic soils. The Q/I ratio was derived by radioisotopic and chemical isotherm procedures. Log Q/I (I = total soluble zinc) approximated closely a linear relation of unit slope with pH. This was ascnbed to a common reation of zinc with all soils by specific sorption dominated by ZnOHA ions such that Q/I� = constant where I' = (ZnOH+aq). Deviations from this relation are discussed. The relations between soil and plant (clover and wheat) variables were studied by simple and multiple regression analysis. Single values of intensity variables, and, to a lesser extent, Q/I variables, correlated well with plant data but not the quantity variables. The improved correlations of Q variables when combined with Q/I variables accorded with published work. The problem of predicting zinc availability on alkaline soils which are dominated by very high Q/I values, is discussed.

THE ANALYSIS OF HERITABLE VARIATION FOR THREE AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN A 6-VARIETY DIALLEL OF GRAIN SORGHUM, SORGHUM VULGARE PERS.

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
E. G. Heyne ◽  
J. H. Chung ◽  
Y. O. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Unit Slope

Analysis of a six-variety diallel indicates that both general and specific combining ability were important for anthesis time and that specific combining ability seems more important for grain yield. Significant interactions were observed between general combining ability and locations for yield, anthesis time, and protein content while significant interaction between specific combining ability and locations was observed for protein content only.For grain yield, overdominance was indicated by the (H1/D)½ ratio; at least four groups of genes were involved in controlling yield. Heritability estimate was slow. For anthesis time, a partial dominance was indicated. Approximately three groups of genes controlled anthesis; heritability estimate was high. For protein content, a partial dominance was noted. Two groups of genes were estimated for control of protein content; heritability estimate was intermediate.The regression coefficients for the three characters were less than 1, but only that for protein content was significantly so. The deviation of the regression line from unit slope may indicate the ptesence of either epistasis or correlated gene distribution or both in the materials tested.

scholarly journals Long-Term Variability of Quasi-Stellar Objects, and Their Distribution in the Hubble Diagram

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
John E. Beckman ◽  
Mark R. Kidger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Hubble Diagram ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Quasi Stellar Objects ◽  
Best Fit

A stochastic model for the energy source of QSO's is used to fit the light curves of 43 objects taken from long-period photometry (minimum duration of observations, 8 years per object). The model fits are encouraging enough to allow us to derive absolute luminosities for individual QSO's and to re-plot the Hubble Diagram with the values thus computed. We find a significantly improved fit to the expected unit slope in the plot of log z against 1/5(mB - MB), and a best fit value of qo = 0.1 (±0.4).

A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE PART VII: ISLES OF EDEN

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 2839-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEON O. CHUA ◽  
JUNBIAO GUAN ◽  
VALERY I. SBITNEV ◽  
JINWOOK SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Science Part

This paper continues our quest to develop a rigorous analytical theory of 1-D cellular automata via a nonlinear dynamics perspective. The 18 yet uncharacterized local rules are henceforth partitioned into ten complex Bernoulliστ-shift rules and eight hyper Bernoulliστ-shift rules, the latter including such famous rules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. All exhibit a bizarre composite wave dynamics with arbitrarily large Bernoulli velocity σ and Bernoulli return time τ as the length L → ∞. Basin tree diagrams of all ten complex Bernoulli στ-shift rules are exhibited for lengths L = 3, 4, …, 8. Superficial as it may seem, these basin tree diagrams suggest general qualitative properties which have since been proved to be true in general. Two such properties form the main results of this paper; namely, [Formula: see text] Explicit global state transition formulas are given for local rules [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Such formulas led to the rigorous proof of several surprising periodicity constraints for rule [Formula: see text], and to the discovery of a new global, quasi-equivalence class, defined via an alternating transformation. In particular, local rules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]are globally quasi-equivalent where corresponding space-time patterns can be derived from each other by simply complementing every other row. Another important result of this paper is the discovery of a scale-free phenomenon exhibited by the local rules [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, the period "T" of all attractors of rules [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as of all isles of Eden of rules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], increases linearly with unit slope, in logarithmic scale, with the length L.

International Historical Evidence on Money Growth and Inflation: The Role of High Inflation Episodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Fratianni ◽  
Marco Gallegati ◽  
Federico Giri
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Quantity Theory ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract How long is the long run in the relationship between money growth and inflation? How important are high inflation episodes for the unit slope finding in the quantity theory of money? To answer these questions, we study the relationship between excess money growth and inflation over time and across frequencies using annual data from 1870 to 2013 for 16 developed countries. Wavelet-based exploratory analysis shows the existence of a close stable relationship between excess money growth and inflation only over long time horizons, i.e. periods greater than 16–24 years, with money growth mostly leading. When we investigate the sensitivity of the unit slope finding to inflation episodes using a “time-frequency-based” panel data approach, we find that low-frequency regression coefficients estimated over variable-length subsamples are largely affected by high inflation episodes occurring in the 1910s, the 1940s, and the 1970s. Taken together, our results suggest that inflationary upsurges affect regression coefficients, but not the closeness of the long-run relationship. This reconciles the validity of the quantity theory of money with the current disinterest of monetary policymaking in money growth.

Protonation of conjugated carbonyl groups in sulfuric acid solutions. III. α,β-Unsaturated ketosteroids

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2538-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Zalewski ◽  
G. E. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Acidity Function ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ◽  
Unit Slope ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Protonation of 20 α,β-unsaturated ketosteroids by sulfuric acid was studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Plots of log [B]/[BH+] from spectral data against the amide acidity function, HA, gave straight lines with unit slope. The pKBH+ values thus obtained show the same additive effects of substituents as that reported previously for simple α,β-unsaturated alicyclic ketones.

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