Microseismic Feedback Enhanced Real-Time Diversion Evaluation in Mancos Shale, Piceance Basin Completions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Scott ◽  
J. H. Cape ◽  
K. D. Mahrer ◽  
N. Li ◽  
A. R. Childers
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Piceance Basin ◽  
Mancos Shale

Insights into productivity drivers for the Niobrara-equivalent horizontal play in the Piceance Basin, Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-354
Author(s):  
Jason Eleson ◽  
Chip Oakes ◽  
Graham McClave
Keyword(s):  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Piceance Basin ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Child Effects ◽  
Mancos Shale ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Future Potential

Limited horizontal drilling has occurred within the Niobrara-equivalent section of the Mancos Shale in the Piceance Basin, and the results from individual wells are highly variable. Prior studies have suggested that thermal maturity and completion techniques were the primary drivers for the observed production trends, but further analysis of well results indicates there are more variables at play. This study leveraged a comprehensive data set from the Piceance Basin, including core analyses, pressure data, and drilling and completion methods to provide additional context for the production results. From this analysis, several key trends were identified. North/south variations in thermal maturity were confirmed, as well as additional trends were identified revealing later exhumation south of the Rangely fault system resulted in significant depressurization, particularly in the western Piceance Basin. The semi-regional depressurization was the result of decrease in overburden pressures that allowed vertical migration of hydrocarbons out of the Mancos Shale. In addition to the semi-regional depressurization, there were more local depressurization events that resulted from faulting in areas such as the Orchard Unit in the southern Piceance Basin where thrust faults allowed hydrocarbons to migrate vertically into overlying formations. Northwest to southeast production trends are present in the southern Piceance Basin and are interpreted to reflect structurally undeformed areas based on high formation pressures and better producing horizontal wells. Parent-child effects have been observed locally and are linked to lower initial production rates and faster decline rates. The northern Piceance Basin exhibits higher reservoir pressure in the liquids window than was observed to the south due to the relatively low degree of exhumation and/or faulting in areas where horizontal Niobrara wells were drilled. Horizontal well results in the northern Piceance Basin have been mixed, largely due to inefficient completion strategies. By comparing the northern Piceance Basin wells with similar horizontal Niobrara wells in the Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming, it is concluded that drilling into the over-pressured liquids rim and utilizing slickwater frac fluid with friction reducer and 100 mesh sand will yield improved economic results over those obtained so far in the Piceance Basin. Though relatively few laterals have been drilled in the Piceance Basin Niobrara play, the basin has great future potential.

Characteristics of a Campanian delta deposit controlled by alternating river floods and tides: the Loyd Sandstone, Rangely Anticline, Colorado, U.S.A.

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Flaig ◽  
Stephen T. Hasiotis ◽  
Timothy J. Prather ◽  
Darrin Burton
Keyword(s):  
Trace Fossil ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Piceance Basin ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Mancos Shale ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Normal Regression ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACT The Campanian Loyd Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale (Loyd) along the Rangely Anticline, Piceance Basin, Colorado, contains a series of multi-meter-thick, heterolithic, coarsening-upward successions (CUSs) with internal clinoforms comprising low-angle-dipping (< 5°), parallel-laminated sandstone beds interbedded with bioturbated flaser-wavy-lenticular bedded sandstone and siltstone. Loyd clinoforms are delta foresets composed of prodelta and delta-front deposits, including mouthbars. Many CUSs exhibit scours filled with bioturbated sandstone, or interbedded bioturbated sandstone and siltstone or mudstone representing aggradational fill of subaqueous terminal distributary channels or the migration of mouthbars into channel scours. Mud drapes on sedimentary structures and mud rip-up clasts are extremely common. A high-abundance, high-diversity, trace-fossil assemblage includes vertical, 1–4-m-deep Ophiomorpha that may penetrate multiple bedsets of parallel-laminated sandstones and highly bioturbated finer-grained interbeds. Bioturbation increases sandstone content in finer-grained interbeds, and provides sandy conduits that increase connectivity between beds. Although parallel-laminated sandstones volumetrically dominate Loyd delta clinoforms, they likely represent relatively short-term freshwater and sediment input during river flooding that produced delta-front turbidity currents. Interbedded finer-grained beds, mud-draped sedimentary structures, and the high-abundance, high-diversity trace-fossil assemblages record longer amounts of time during reduced fluvial discharge, tidal reworking of sediments, and intense bioturbation under marine salinities. Controls on the internal characteristics of the Loyd delta deposits include: 1) a high sediment influx into a relatively shallow marine basin protected from wave action during normal regression; 2) relatively short-duration, episodic freshwater and sediment discharge from distributaries that reduced salinities, deposited sand as turbidity currents, and promoted delta-front channelization; and 3) longer-duration periods of reduced discharge with deposition of finer-grained sediment, tidal reworking, and bioturbation of sediments under higher salinities. These controls combined to produce the heterolithic, highly bioturbated, river-flood delivered, and tidally modified clinoforms of the Loyd that differ from deposits typically considered to be classic examples of fluvial-flood-dominated or extensively tidally modified deltas.

Some Recent Results in Quiescent Prominence Spectrometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Donald A. Landman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Small Target ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Quiescent Prominence

This paper describes some recent results of our quiescent prominence spectrometry program at the Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala. The observations were made with the 25 cm coronagraph/coudé spectrograph system using a silicon vidicon detector. This detector consists of 500 contiguous channels covering approximately 6 or 80 Å, depending on the grating used. The instrument is interfaced to the Observatory’s PDP 11/45 computer system, and has the important advantages of wide spectral response, linearity and signal-averaging with real-time display. Its principal drawback is the relatively small target size. For the present work, the aperture was about 3″ × 5″. Absolute intensity calibrations were made by measuring quiet regions near sun center.

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

An Interactive Minicomputer Program for the Indexing and Simulation of Electron Diffraction Patterns

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
R.P. Goehner ◽  
W.T. Hatfield ◽  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Computer programs are now available in various laboratories for the indexing and simulation of transmission electron diffraction patterns. Although these programs address themselves to the solution of various aspects of the indexing and simulation process, the ultimate goal is to perform real time diffraction pattern analysis directly off of the imaging screen of the transmission electron microscope. The program to be described in this paper represents one step prior to real time analysis. It involves the combination of two programs, described in an earlier paper(l), into a single program for use on an interactive basis with a minicomputer. In our case, the minicomputer is an INTERDATA 70 equipped with a Tektronix 4010-1 graphical display terminal and hard copy unit.A simplified flow diagram of the combined program, written in Fortran IV, is shown in Figure 1. It consists of two programs INDEX and TEDP which index and simulate electron diffraction patterns respectively. The user has the option of choosing either the indexing or simulating aspects of the combined program.

Microstructural investigation of surface roughness in MBE-grown AlAs

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
R. Rajesh ◽  
R. Droopad ◽  
C. H. Kuo ◽  
R. W. Carpenter ◽  
G. N. Maracas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Effusion Cell ◽  
Surface Oxide Layer ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
And Control

Knowledge of material pseudodielectric functions at MBE growth temperatures is essential for achieving in-situ, real time growth control. This allows us to accurately monitor and control thicknesses of the layers during growth. Undesired effusion cell temperature fluctuations during growth can thus be compensated for in real-time by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The accuracy in determining pseudodielectric functions is increased if one does not require applying a structure model to correct for the presence of an unknown surface layer such as a native oxide. Performing these measurements in an MBE reactor on as-grown material gives us this advantage. Thus, a simple three phase model (vacuum/thin film/substrate) can be used to obtain thin film data without uncertainties arising from a surface oxide layer of unknown composition and temperature dependence.In this study, we obtain the pseudodielectric functions of MBE-grown AlAs from growth temperature (650°C) to room temperature (30°C). The profile of the wavelength-dependent function from the ellipsometry data indicated a rough surface after growth of 0.5 μm of AlAs at a substrate temperature of 600°C, which is typical for MBE-growth of GaAs.

Real-time observation of vortex lattices in a superconductor

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1050-1051
Author(s):  
K. Harada ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
J.E. Bonevich ◽  
M. Igarashi ◽  
S. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flux Line ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Vortex Lattices ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Magnetic Flux Lines ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Thin Superconductor ◽  
Real Time Observation

Previous observations of magnetic flux-lines (vortex lattices) in superconductors, such as the field distribution of a flux-line, and flux-line dynamics activated by heat and current, have employed the high spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity of electron holography. And recently, the 2-D static distribution of vortices was also observed by this technique. However, real-time observations of the vortex lattice, in spite of scientific and technological interest, have not been possible due to experimental difficulties. Here, we report the real-time observation of vortex lattices in a thin superconductor, by means of Lorentz microscopy using a 300 kV field emission electron microscope. This technique allows us to observe the dynamic motion of individual vortices and record the events on a VTR system.The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig. 1. A Nb thin film for transmission observation was prepared by chemical etching. The grain size of the film was increased by annealing, and single crystals were observed with a thickness of 50∼90 nm.

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