The Importance of Scale Inhibitor Analysis in Scale Management - A State of the Art Overview to Provide Cost Effective Scale Control from Simple to Complex Production Scenarios

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Heath ◽  
Gill Ross ◽  
Gordon Graham ◽  
Kirsty MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Analysis ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Scale Management

scholarly journals Scale control at production wells of Gazpromneft Vostok LLC: Results of field tests and technical and economic assessment of the use of encapsulated inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
S. Z. Dzhanelidze ◽  
V. V. Zhuravlev ◽  
A. Yu. Zhukov ◽  
R. R. Khusainov ◽  
A. S. Boev
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Equipment Application ◽  
Scale Control

At the oil production wells of Gazpromneft Vostok LLC, with the problem of scale formation, there was made an assessment of the possibility of using an encapsulated scale inhibitor. According to the test results, it’s found that the reagent provides effective protection of production wells from salt deposits. There are noted such a positive aspects of this inhibitory protection technology as the absence of corrosive effects on downhole equipment, the possibility of quick organization of well protection, not using metering equipment, independence from the infrastructure and the convenience of loading capsules during workover. A comparative analysis with the classical inhibitor protection with liquid scale inhibitors has been carried out. It is shown that with a water flow rate of up to 38 m3 / day, the use of encapsulated reagents is more cost effective. The limitations of the application of the technology are noted – the difficulty in carrying out additional loading of the reagent into the well without lifting the downhole equipment, application in horizontal and directional wells.

IN MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Thom E Lobe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Outpatient Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Minimal Access ◽  
Access Surgery

The pediatrician must be cognizant of the extensive applications of endoscopic surgery in the pediatric patient. The ability to provide either outpatient surgery or short-stay surgery appears to be cost-effective and appropriate state-of-the-art medical care. As the array of surgical instruments continues to evolve, new and innovative endoscopic procedures will become increasingly available.

scholarly journals Using plants to remediate or manage metal-polluted soils: an overview on the current state of phytotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e58283
Author(s):  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Caroline Miranda Biondi ◽  
Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Tropics

Soil contamination by metals threatens both the environment and human health and hence requires remedial actions. The conventional approach of removing polluted soils and replacing them with clean soils (excavation) is very costly for low-value sites and not feasible on a large scale. In this scenario, phytoremediation emerged as a promising cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology to render metals less bioavailable (phytostabilization) or clean up metal-polluted soils (phytoextraction). Phytostabilization has demonstrable successes in mining sites and brownfields. On the other hand, phytoextraction still has few examples of successful applications. Either by using hyperaccumulating plants or high biomass plants induced to accumulate metals through chelator addition to the soil, major phytoextraction bottlenecks remain, mainly the extended time frame to remediation and lack of revenue from the land during the process. Due to these drawbacks, phytomanagement has been proposed to provide economic, environmental, and social benefits until the contaminated site returns to productive usage. Here, we review the evolution, promises, and limitations of these phytotechnologies. Despite the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations, there have been significant advances in understanding phytotechnologies' main constraints. Further investigation on new plant species, especially in the tropics, and soil amendments can potentially provide the basis to transform phytoextraction into an operational metal clean-up technology in the future. However, at the current state of the art, phytotechnology is moving the focus from remediation technologies to pollution attenuation and palliative cares.

scholarly journals A ruthenium-based catalyst on carbon electrodes for electrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Biswanath Das ◽  
Ahibur Rahaman ◽  
Andrey Shatskiy ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Catalyst ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Electrochemical water splitting constitutes one of the most promising strategies for converting water into hydrogen-based fuels, and this technology is predicted to play a key role in our transition towards a carbon-neutral energy economy. To enable the design of cost-effective electrolysis cells based on this technology, new and more efficient anodes with augmented water splitting activity and stability will be required. Herein, we report an active molecular Ru-based catalyst for electrochemically-driven water oxidation and two simple methods for preparing anodes by attaching this catalyst onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The anodes modified with the molecular catalyst were characterized by a broad toolbox of microscopy and spectroscope techniques, and interestingly no RuO2 formation was detected during electrocatalysis over 4 h. These results demonstrate that the herein presented strategy can be used to prepare anodes that rival the performance of state-of-the-art metal oxide anodes.

scholarly journals INTERACTIVE CADASTRAL BOUNDARY DELINEATION FROM UAV DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-2 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Crommelinck ◽  
B. Höfle ◽  
M. N. Koeva ◽  
M. Y. Yang ◽  
G. Vosselman
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Local Boundary ◽  
Manual Delineation ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Cadastral Surveying ◽  
Least Cost Paths

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are evolving as an alternative tool to acquire land tenure data. UAVs can capture geospatial data at high quality and resolution in a cost-effective, transparent and flexible manner, from which visible land parcel boundaries, i.e., cadastral boundaries are delineable. This delineation is to no extent automated, even though physical objects automatically retrievable through image analysis methods mark a large portion of cadastral boundaries. This study proposes (i) a methodology that automatically extracts and processes candidate cadastral boundary features from UAV data, and (ii) a procedure for a subsequent interactive delineation. Part (i) consists of two state-of-the-art computer vision methods, namely gPb contour detection and SLIC superpixels, as well as a classification part assigning costs to each outline according to local boundary knowledge. Part (ii) allows a user-guided delineation by calculating least-cost paths along previously extracted and weighted lines. The approach is tested on visible road outlines in two UAV datasets from Germany. Results show that all roads can be delineated comprehensively. Compared to manual delineation, the number of clicks per 100 m is reduced by up to 86 %, while obtaining a similar localization quality. The approach shows promising results to reduce the effort of manual delineation that is currently employed for indirect (cadastral) surveying.

Employing Space-Based Hyperspectral Imagery for Pipeline Leak Prevention, Detection and Compliance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Peter Weaver ◽  
Dan Katz ◽  
Tushar Prabahakar ◽  
Katie A. Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hyperspectral Imagery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Detection ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Vapor Emissions

Abstract We are now living in what has been described as the Experience Era, where lines between the digital and physical are increasingly blurred. As such, we are just beginning to see how customized access to space will improve asset stewardship in ways that are still evolving, as customization of on-orbit technology pushes the bounds of how we receive and process information. Specific to oil and gas operators, one technology being launched by microsatellite, hyperspectral imagery (HSI), is poised to enable unparalleled daily global pipeline leak prevention, detection and speciation, intrusion and change detection capabilities. This will replace conventional DOT pipeline patrol for compliance while contributing to our understanding of vapor emissions as regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. This paper discusses both the evolving space marketplace and the state of the art for HSI, including current examples of hyperspectral findings regarding pipeline and terminal leaks. Successful deployment of HSI will drive a decrease in the number and magnitude of pipeline leaks using persistent, global, high-resolution data collection, rapid and reliable analysis, and immediate reporting of actionable information. For decades, satellite HSI technology has offered a promise of remote hydrocarbon detection and other features of interest. It is only now becoming scalable, accessible to, and cost-effective for the pipeline industry, and thus a reality for cost-effective pipeline stewardship.

The Role of Electrolyte’s Organic Additives in Zinc-Air Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Pourzolfaghar ◽  
Soraya Hosseini ◽  
Marziyeh Alinejad
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Zinc Air Batteries

Addition of the organic additives to the electrolyte is one of the state-of-the-art and cost-effective solutions to develop an appropriate rechargeable ZABs able to be promoted towards commercial application. In this mini review, some of the most important organic additives have been reviewed and their functions in the zinc air batteries have been investigated.

Pre-Production Deployed Scale Inhibition Treatments in Deep-Water, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.. Patterson ◽  
W.. Williams ◽  
M.. Jordan ◽  
R.. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Scale Control

Abstract The injection of seawater into oil-bearing reservoirs in order to maintain reservoir pressure and improve secondary recovery is a well-established, mature operation. Moreover, the degree of risk posed by deposition of mineral scales (carbonate/sulphate) to the injection and production wells during such operations has been much studied. The current deep-water subsea developments offshore West Africa and Brazil have brought into sharp focus the need to manage scale in an effective way. In a deepwater West African field the relatively small number of high-cost, highly productive wells, coupled with a high barium sulphate scaling tendency upon breakthrough of injection seawater meant not only was effective scale management critical to achieve high hydrocarbon recovery, but even wells at low water cuts have proven to be at sufficient risk to require early squeeze application. To provide effective scale control in these wells at low water cuts, phosphonate-based inhibitors were applied as part of the acid perforation wash and overflush stages prior to frac packing operations. The deployment of this inhibitor proved effective in controlling barium sulphate scale formation during initial water production eliminating the need to scale squeeze the wells at low water cuts (<10% BS&W). To increase the volumes of scale inhibitor being deployed in the pre-production treatments and so extend the treatment lifetimes scale inhibitor was also added to the frac gel used to carry the frac sand. This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical for application in frac fluids in terms of rheology, retention/release, formation damage and presents the chemical returns profile from the 5 wells treated (some treatments lasting > 300 days) along with monitoring methods utilized to confirm scale control in the wells treated. Many similar fields are currently being developed in the Campos basin, Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa, and this paper is a good example of best-practice sharing from another oil basin.

Squeezing Sub-Sea Wells Co-Mingled in the Same Flowline on the Norne Field

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Heath ◽  
Olav Martin Selle ◽  
Elisbeth Storås ◽  
Bjørn Juliussen ◽  
Alan Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Line ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Inhibitor Analysis ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Line Sample

Abstract An essential part of any scale squeeze management strategy for any oilfield is the capability to accurately and precisely determine the residual scale inhibitor concentration in the produced fluids. These data in combination with ion analysis and well productivity index are essential to determine the lifetime efficiency of scale squeeze treatments. For sub-sea wells comingled in the same flowline this presents a significant challenge due to mixed brine composition in the flowline and the requirements to analyse multiple families of scale squeeze inhibitors in the same sample without interference from the continuously injected wellhead/topside scale inhibitors and any other production chemicals that maybe applied. In recent years the use of environmentally acceptable polymeric scale squeeze inhibitors has increased. The accurate and precise analysis of polymers has proved to be difficult and a toolbox of advanced scale inhibitor analysis techniques has therefore been developed to improve scale management capability in sub-sea fields.1 This technology is based upon a range of novel analysis techniques, including Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS), which have demonstrated the feasibility to detect multiple families of scale inhibitors at low levels with improved confidence along with the potential for squeezing wells co-mingled at the same flowline with different scale inhibitors. This was not considered possible before and recent refinements have been targeted towards the specific challenges on the Norne field, where it was required to detect three different polymeric scale squeeze inhibitors in the same flow line sample in the presence of the continuously applied wellhead and topside polymeric scale inhibitor. This paper presents brief details of the progress made with new analysis techniques and highlights the application benefits of the implementation of these novel scale inhibitor analysis techniques in the Norne field. Data will be presented from a proof of concept study for squeezing three sub-sea wells co-mingled in the same flowline with three different polymeric scale squeeze inhibitors, namely, a phosphorus containing polyamine, a phosphorus tagged quaternary amine terpolymer and a phosphorus tagged sulphonated copolymer all in the presence of the wellhead/topside sulphonate/carboxylate copolymer. The implications of different detection limits for the three different polymers on the individual well treatment lifetimes and re-squeeze frequency will also be discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document