Pressure-Dependent Induced Fracture Complexity or Natural Fracture Contribution Evaluation in Unconventional Reservoirs: How to Assure Their Long-Term Benefit

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Fracture Complexity ◽  
Term Benefit

Hydraulic Fracturing Design Developments Towards Improved Effectiveness in North Kuwait Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamzam Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Abrar Mohammed Alostad ◽  
Liu Pei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Matrix Acidizing ◽  
Field Development

Abstract The North Kuwait Jurassic Gas (NKJG) reservoirs pose productivity challenges due to their geological heterogeneity, complex tectonic settings, high stress anisotropy, high pore pressure, and high bottom-hole temperature. Additionally, high natural fracture intensity in clustered areas play an important role in the wells hydrocarbon deliverability. These challenges are significant in field development starting from well design and stimulation up to production stages. The Gas Field Development Group (GFDG) are introducing for the first time in Kuwait new completion designs at high fracturing intensity; open-hole Multi Stage Completions (MSC), 4.5" Monobores and hybrid completions along with customized and efficient stimulation methods. This development strategy designed to overcome reservoir difficulties and enhance the well performance during initial testing and long-term production phases. At early stages of production, most of the wells were stimulated with simple matrix acidizing jobs and this method was sufficient to reach commercial production in conventional reservoirs. However, the reservoir depletion trend has negatively affected stimulation effectiveness and the wells performance in the recent years; hence, short and long-term solutions introduced to manage the sub-hydrostatic reservoir pressure. Our current focus is on the short-term stimulation solutions as they are relatively easier to apply compared to the long-term solutions that require additional resources, which are not available in the country. As a result, the stimulation methods, specifically the hydraulic fracturing treatments, increased production dramatically compared to previous years and it applied across North Kuwait Fields in conventional and unconventional reservoirs to reach the production targets of 2020-2021. The hydraulic fracturing treatment designs improved during the 2020-2021 fiscal year. The number of operations tripled compared to before and alternative chemical treatments with new fracturing designs implemented. In addition, these treatments executed across different well completions and reservoir properties. The objectives behind each fracturing treatment were different; for example: discovering new areas, re-stimulating under-performing wells, fracturing unconventional reservoirs, etc. Some promising wells did not flow as per expectation after matrix acidizing treatments despite the logs showing good reservoir quality similar to offset wells with good production. After re-stimulating with acid fracturing, the wells performed much better and one of them set a benchmark as the best producer amongst the offset wells. This paper evaluates the gaps in developing NKJG reservoirs, including fracturing treatments and highlights of the pros/cons for each operation, which in future supports the improvement of stimulation job designs. Moreover, it reveals the future requirements that control the operation success and how to reduce the well cleaning time post-fracturing in the event of low reservoir pressure. Finally, it describes how the outcome of the analyses directly assists reaching the production targets; since NKJG's production mainly depends on stimulation techniques.

751 Long-term benefit of a hospital based heart failure programme: downgrading the risk of class IV patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
E RYAN ◽  
C OLOUGHLIN ◽  
M LEDWIDGE ◽  
B TRAVERS ◽  
M RYDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Term Benefit ◽  
Class Iv

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Antithymocyte Globulin — A Five Year Follow-Up

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Kastrukoff ◽  
D.R. McLean ◽  
T.A. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Antithymocyte Globulin ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Term Benefit

SUMMARY:Multiple sclerosis patients treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) were re-evaluated after five years. No long term benefit was found. Notably, the group of patients with an elevated gamma globulin to total protein ration in their C.S.F. and who did particularly well after treatment with ATG also failed to show any long term benefit. Few long term detrimental effects of ATG immunosuppression were identified. The implications of the results are discussed as they relate to the use of immunosuppression in multiple sclerosis.

Tainted Love: The Trials and Tribulations of a Career in Animal Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan O’Sullivan ◽  
Yvette Watt ◽  
Fiona Probyn-Rapsey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Term Benefit

AbstractDeveloping an academic career can be exciting, rewarding and stimulating. It can also be challenging, disheartening, and highly insecure. Results from a survey of Animal Studies (AS) scholars identifies reasons why pursuing a career in AS might generate additional challenges, over and above those experienced by academics generally. For example, 44 percent of respondents stated that in their view, undertaking research in AS “creates challenges for an academic career.” This is compared to just 16 percent who thought that it is an advantage. Yet despite the challenges, there is much that is positive about AS. Participants described being in “dialogue with clever colleagues,” viewed their work as “totally engaging,” and reported feeling “morally useful.” This in turn affords AS scholars an authenticity that may be of long-term benefit in the competitive and constantly transforming world of higher education.

scholarly journals Long-term benefit of 1-year amiodarone treatment for persistent complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction.

Circulation ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Pfisterer ◽  
W Kiowski ◽  
H Brunner ◽  
D Burckhardt ◽  
F Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Amiodarone Treatment ◽  
Term Benefit
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