A Model for Extending the Heptanes plus Fraction for Trinidad Gas Condensates

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mayrhoo ◽  
R. Hosein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Plus Fraction

Methods of Stabilization of Gas Condensates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Single Phase State

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production at gas condensate fields. When transporting gas through pipelines, the following gas quality conditions should be met:i.During transportation, gases should not cause corrosion of pipelines, fittings, instruments, etc.ii.The quality of the gas must ensure its transportation in a single-phase state i.e., liquid hydrocarbons, gas condensates and hydrates should not form in the pipelines.In order for gas condensates to meet the above-mentioned quality conditions during storage or transportation, they must be stabilized. Gas condensate stabilization is the process of “boiling off” light hydrocarbons from the condensate that would otherwise increase the vapor pressure when conditions are fluctuating.

Chromogenic Peptide Substrate Assays for Plasma Inhibitors of Plasma Kallikrein: Identification of the Major Inhibitors

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Gallimore ◽  
E. Amundsen ◽  
M. Larsbraaten ◽  
K. Lyngaas ◽  
E. Fareid
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Plasma Kallikrein ◽  
Peptide Substrate ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Plus Fraction ◽  
Time Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

Plasma inhibitors of plasma kallikrein(KK) were studied using chromogenic peptide substrate assays. Both “immediate” and “time-dependent” inhibition was detected. Sephadex G-150 gel filtration revealed that fractions containing α2-macroglobulin (α2 M), C1 - esterase inhibitor (CIINH) and a low molecular weight component(KKI3) gave “immediate” inhibition. When fractions were tested for “total” inhibition (incubation of enzyme plus fraction for 300 seconds at 37°C) CIINH was found to be the major inhibitor. Both the α2M and KKI3-containing fractions exhibited more inhibition than in the “immediate” inhibition assay. Studies with purified preparations of CIINH and α2 M indicated that these are the two most important plasma inhibitors of KK. Preparations of α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), antithrombin III (ATIII) and α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) produced insignificant inhibition. When “total” KK inhibition in plasma samples from 20 healthy subjects was compared with plasma concentrations of CIINH, α2M and α1AT (immunochemical assays) a very good correlation (r=0.81) was found between percentage inhibition and CIINH concentration. Correlation values for the other antiproteases were α2M r=0.36 and α1AT r=0.19.

scholarly journals AF4-UV-MALS-ICP-MS/MS, spICP-MS, and STEM-EDX for the Characterization of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Gas Condensates from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ruhland ◽  
Kenneth Nwoko ◽  
Magali Perez ◽  
Jörg Feldmann ◽  
Eva M. Krupp
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Icp Ms

Improvement of the Expanded Fluid Viscosity Model for Crude Oils: Effects of the Plus-Fraction Characterization Method and Density

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1624-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. Regueira ◽  
Verônica J. Pereira ◽  
Gloria M. N. Costa ◽  
Silvio A. B. Vieira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Model ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Plus Fraction

Are Vapor-Like Fluids Viable Ore Fluids for Cu-Au-Mo Porphyry Ore Formation?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Hurtig ◽  
Artas A. Migdisov ◽  
Anthony E. Williams-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Metal Solubility ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Intermediate Density ◽  
Metallic Species ◽  
Metal Ratios

Abstract Ore formation in porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) systems involves the exsolution of metal-bearing fluids from magmas and the transport of the metals in magmatic-hydrothermal plumes that are subject to pressure fluctuations. Deposition of ore minerals occurs as a result of cooling and decompression of the hydrothermal fluids in partly overlapping ore shells. In this study, we address the role of vapor-like fluids in porphyry ore formation through numerical simulations of metal transport using the Gibbs energy minimization software, GEM-Selektor. The thermodynamic properties of the hydrated gaseous metallic species necessary for modeling metal solubility in fluids of moderate density (100–300 kg/m3) were derived from the results of experiments that investigated the solubility of metals in aqueous HCl- and H2S-bearing vapors. Metal transport and precipitation were simulated numerically as a function of temperature, pressure, and fluid composition (S, Cl, and redox). The simulated metal concentrations and ratios are compared to those observed in vapor-like and intermediate-density fluid inclusions from porphyry ore deposits, as well as gas condensates from active volcanoes. The thermodynamically predicted solubility of Cu, Au, Ag, and Mo decreases during isothermal decompression. At elevated pressure, the simulated metal solubility is similar to the metal content measured in vapor-like and intermediate-density fluid inclusions from porphyry deposits (at ~200–1,800 bar). At ambient pressure, the metal solubility approaches the metal content measured in gas condensates from active volcanoes (at ~1 bar), which is several orders of magnitude lower than that in the high-pressure environment. During isochoric cooling, the simulated solubility of Cu, Ag, and Mo decreases, whereas that of Au reaches a maximum between 35 ppb and 2.6 ppm depending on fluid density and composition. Similar observations are made from a compilation of vapor-like and intermediate-density fluid inclusion data showing that Cu, Ag, and Mo contents decrease with decreasing P and T. Increasing the Cl concentration of the simulated fluid promotes the solubility of Cu, Ag, and Au chloride species. Molybdenum solubility is highest under oxidizing conditions and low S content, and gold solubility is elevated at intermediate redox conditions and elevated S content. The S content of the vapor-like fluid strongly affects metal ratios. Thus, there is a decrease in the Cu/Au ratio as the S content increases from 0.1 to 1 wt %, whereas the opposite is the case for the Mo/Ag ratio; at S contents of >1 wt %, the Mo/Ag ratio also decreases. In summary, thermodynamic calculations based on experiments involving gaseous metallic species predict that vapor-like fluids may transport and efficiently precipitate metals in concentrations sufficient to form porphyry ore deposits. Finally, the fluid composition and pressure-temperature evolution paths of vapor-like and intermediate-density fluids have a strong effect on metal solubility in porphyry systems and potentially exert an important control on their metal ratios and zoning.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Kingston ◽  
A Mort ◽  
C Deblonde ◽  
O H Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Montney Formation

The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir that is of great economic importance to Canada, however production is often dogged by the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic and corrosive gas. Mapping H2S distribution across the Montney basin in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is fundamental to understanding the processes responsible for its occurrence. We derive a Montney-specific dataset of well gas and water geochemistry from the publically available archives of the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) and British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (BCOGC) conducting quality assurance and control procedure before spatial interpolation. Empirical Bayesian Kriging is used to interpolate H2S across the whole Montney basin resulting in maps of H2S from hydrocarbon gas, condensates, and water; along with maps of sulfate and chloride ions in water. These interpolations illustrate the heterogeneous distribution of H2S across the basin with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie area along with several other isolated regions. Maps of H2S in gas, condensates, and water exhibit similar trends in H2S concentrations, which with future research may help elucidate the origin of H2S in the Montney.

Optimal distribution function determination for plus fraction splitting

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 2752-2764
Author(s):  
Sajjad Foroughi ◽  
Davood Khoozan ◽  
Saeid Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Optimal Distribution ◽  
Plus Fraction

Evaluation of mass transfer coefficient for gas condensates in porous systems: Experimental and modeling

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 115507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei ◽  
Reza Azin ◽  
Shahriar Osfouri ◽  
Sohrab Zendehboudi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Gas Condensates
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