Dual Lateral Open Hole Coiled Tubing Acid Stimulation in Deep HPHT Sour Gas Producer Wells - Field Experience and Lessons Learned from Ghawar Field.

Author(s):  
Mustafa R. Alzaid ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Ghazal ◽  
Saad Al-Driweesh ◽  
Fadel Al-Ghurairi ◽  
Jose Vielma ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hamid ◽  
Nahr M. Abulhamayel ◽  
Danish Ahmed ◽  
Zahaezuani Rafiq Hamidon

Abstract This study focuses on horizontal wells completed with pre-perforated liners installed in open holes, and which produce under sub-hydrostatic conditions. During workover operations, loss circulation materials (LCM) are routinely pumped, thus requiring coiled tubing (CT) cleanout interventions to enable well production afterwards. The sub-hydrostatic nature of the reservoir makes it challenging to maintain optimum bottomhole pressure (BHP) and have the ideal downhole conditions, without significant losses and with sufficient annular velocities, for an effective cleanout. During CT cleanout operations, the LCM plugging the formation may falsely create a perception that the well is able to sustain a column of fluid. However, as the LCM is cleaned out and the wellbore starts communicating with the reservoir, sudden fluid losses may occur, causing solids in the annulus to fall and leading to a stuck pipe scenario. Constant control of the balanced downhole conditions is therefore critical in such operations—yet frequently overlooked during job design. The use of real-time downhole pressure sensors thus not only ensure effective cleanout but also act as a stuck pipe prevention measure. Based on job executions in similar wells, several lessons learned were compiled. The ability to maintain optimum downhole conditions by adjusting liquid and nitrogen rates during cleanout has proven to be key to a successful cleanout. Additionally, in one of the wells where CT did get stuck, the team was able to prevent debris from falling, thus addressing the root cause, and facilitating the implementation of an effective contingency plan to get the pipe free. The need for live downhole monitoring is even more important when operating in the pre-perforated liner sections that are exposed to the open hole. Common designs calculate annular velocities based on the internal diameter of the liner, but in reality, the much bigger openhole diameter shall be taken into consideration, which result in much lower values of annular velocities in reality. Additionally, selection of the right bottomhole assembly (BHA) is critical for the overall system performance. In the presented case, the motor and mill configuration was observed to be more effective compared to a high-pressure rotary jetting tool. However, as the motor and mill combination creates significant vibrations while operating, it becomes critical to use a ruggedized version of the live downhole CT acquisition system to ensure maximum reliability. The observations compiled throughout operations enabled the development of best practices. Risks involved in a cleanout operation are often underestimated, especially in a well with a depleted reservoir. As more reservoirs face depletion in mature fields globally, the ability to clearly understand the downhole dynamics during such operations makes the difference between a successful job and a catastrophic failure.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modhesh Al-Dossary ◽  
Saad Al-Driweesh ◽  
Abdulaziz Mutlag Al-Sagr ◽  
Simeon Bolarinwa ◽  
Muhammad Haekal ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modhesh Al-Dossary ◽  
Saad Al-Driweesh ◽  
Abdulaziz Mutlag Al-Sagr ◽  
Simeon Bolarinwa ◽  
Muhammad Haekal ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ebrahimi ◽  
P. J. Schermer ◽  
W. Jelinek ◽  
D. Pommier ◽  
S. Pfeil ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie S. Duthie ◽  
Hussain A. Saiood ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Anizi ◽  
Norman B. Moore ◽  
Carol Correia

Abstract Successful reservoir surveillance and production monitoring is a key component for effectively managing any field production strategy. For production logging in openhole horizontal extended reach wells (ERWs), the challenges are formidable and extensive; logging these extreme lengths in a cased hole would be difficult enough, but are considerably exaggerated in the openhole condition. A coiled tubing (CT) logging run in open hole must also contend with increased frictional forces, high dogleg severity, a quicker onset of helical buckling and early lockup. The challenge to effectively log these ERWs is further complicated by constraints in the completion where electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are installed including a 2.4" bypass section. Although hydraulically powered coiled tubing tractors already existed, a slim CT tractor with real-time logging capabilities was not available in the market. In partnership with a specialist CT tractor manufacturer, a slim logging CT tractor was designed and built to meet the exceptional demands to pull the CT to target depth. The tractor is 100% hydraulically powered, with no electrical power allowing for uninterrupted logging during tractoring. The tractor is powered by the differential pressure from the bore of the CT to the wellbore, and is operated by a pre-set pump rate from surface. Developed to improve the low coverage in open hole ERW logging jobs, the tractor underwent extensive factory testing before being deployed to the field. The tractor was rigged up on location with the production logging tool and ran in hole. Once the coil tubing locked up, the tractor was activated and pulled the coil to cover over 90% of the open hole section delivering a pulling force of up to 3,200 lb. Real-time production logging was conducted simultaneously with the tractor activated, flowing and shut-in passes were completed to successfully capture the zonal inflow profile. Real-time logging with the tractor is logistically efficient and allows instantaneous decision making to repeat passes for improved data quality. The new slim logging tractor is the world's slimmest most compact, and the first of its kind CT tractor that enables production logging operations in horizontal extended reach open hole wells. The ability to successfully log these extended reach wells cannot be understated, reservoir simulations and management decisions can only as good as the quality of data available. Some of the advantages of drilling extended reach wells such as increased reservoir contact, reduced footprint and less wells drilled will be lost if sufficient reservoir surveillance cannot be achieved. To maximize the benefits of ERWs, creative solutions and innovative designs must continually be developed to push the boundaries further.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng Wei Jong ◽  
Yee Tzen Yong ◽  
Yusri Azizan ◽  
Richard Hampson ◽  
Rudzaifi Adizamri Hj Abd Rani ◽  
...  

Abstract Production decline caused by sand ingress was observed on 2 offshore oil wells in Brunei waters. Both wells were completed with a sub-horizontal openhole gravel pack and were subsequently shut in as the produced sand would likely cause damage to the surface facilities. In an offshore environment with limited workspace, crane capacity and wells with low reservoir pressures, it was decided to intervene the wells using a catenary coiled tubing (CT) vessel. The intervention required was to clean out the sand build up in the wells and install thru-tubing (TT) sand screens along the entire gravel packed screen section. Nitrified clean out was necessary due to low reservoir pressures while using a specialized jetting nozzle to optimize turbulence and lift along the deviated section. In addition, a knockout pot was utilized to filter and accommodate the large quantity of sand returned. The long sections of screens required could not be accommodated inside the PCE stack resulting in the need for the operation to be conducted as an open hole deployment using nippleless plug and fluid weight as well control barrier. A portable modular crane was also installed to assist the deployment of long screen sections prior to RIH with CT. Further challenges that needed to be addressed were the emergency measures. As the operation was to be conducted using the catenary system, the requirement for an emergency disconnect between the vessel and platform during the long cleanout operations and open hole deployment needed to be considered as a necessary contingency. Additional shear seal BOPs, and emergency deployment bars were also prepared to ensure that the operation could be conducted safely and successfully.


2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Gerardo Vallejo ◽  
Aciel Olivares ◽  
Pablo Crespo Hdez ◽  
Eduardo R. Roman ◽  
Claudio Rogerio Tigre Maia ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Dikshit ◽  
Amrendra Kumar ◽  
Glenn Woiceshyn

Summary Interest is high in a method to reliably run single-trip completions without involving complex/expensive technologies (Robertson et al. 2019). The reward for such a design would be reduced rig time, safety risks, and completion costs. As described herein, a unique pressure-activated sliding side door (PSSD) valve was developed and field tested to open without intervention after completion is circulated to total depth (TD) and a liner hanger and openhole isolation packers are set. A field-provensliding-sleeve door (SSD) valve that required shifting via a shifting tool run on coiled tubing, slickline (SL), or wireline was upgraded to open automatically after relieving tubing pressure once packers (and/or a liner hanger) are set. This PSSD technology, which is integrable to almost any type of sand control screen, is equipped with a backup contingency should the primary mechanism fail to open. Once opened, the installed PSSDs can be shifted mechanically with unlimited frequency. The two- or three-position valve can be integrated with inflow control devices (ICDs) (includes autonomous ICDs/autonomous inflow control valves) and allows mechanical shifting at any time after installation to close, stimulate or adjust ICD settings. After a computer-aided design stage to achieve all the operational/mechanical requirements, prototypes were built and tested, followed by field installations. The design stage provided some challenges even though the pressure-activation feature was being added to a mature/proven SSD technology. Prototype testing in a full-scale vertical test well proved valuable because it revealed failure modes that could not have appeared in the smaller-scale laboratory test facilities. Lessons learned from the first field trial helped improve onsite handling procedures. The production logging tool run on first installation confirmed the PSSDs with ICDs opened as designed. The second field installation involved a different size and configuration, in which PSSDs with ICDs performed as designed. The unique two- or three-position PSSD accommodates any type of sand control or debris screen and any type of ICD for production/injection. The PSSD allows the flexibility to change ICD size easily at the wellsite. Therefore, this technology can be used in carbonate as well as sandstone wells. Wells that normally could not justify the expense of existing single-trip completion technologies can now benefit from the cost savings of single-trip completions, including ones that require ICD and stimulation options.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony MacLeod

ABSTRACT Objective A case story from ME will be presented covering an extreme extended reach, offshore well. Any increase to operating efficiency can save time and increase production. In this case story two SSD's were opened in a single run on e-line, an outstanding achievement due to the ID restrictions and extended reach of the well. The paper will discuss the planning, the operation, the achievements and the lessons learned. Methods, Procedures, Process This well was recently worked over, retrieval and new installation of upper and lower completion. Due to the well going on total losses during the workover, a closed system was deployed to enable the operator to set the hydraulic packers. The packer is utilized for isolation between two zones, with each zone having two SSD's in which one SSD per zone was required to be opened to allow access to the formation. From day one of planning the primary solution for this intervention was an electric over hydraulic toolstring made up of five tools, a 218 electric release device, 218 CCL for correlation, a 218 tractor for conveyance, a 218 stroker for the mechanical manipulation and a 218 key to address the shifting profile in the SSD (toolstring). A slimhole toolstring was required due to the packer ID of 2.81" The operator was using the service provider for other interventions on this workover campaign and decided to challenge them with opening two SSD's in one run while not shifting the adjacent SSD's. The challenging underlying economics of the industry today has created a powerful driver for operators to find more efficient, cost effective and safer intervention methodologies. The operation covered in this case provided just such improvements to the client: by utilizing electric line intervention tools the operator negated the requirement for a large footprint coiled tubing intervention. Results, Observations, Conclusions A System Integration Test (SIT) was completed onshore prior to mobilization, where multiple shifts were successfully executed on a 90° deviated pipe using a single set of shifting key pads. Test results were then repeated offshore, completing two interventions in a single run. The SSD's were successfully opened at ~12,000 ft MDRT and ~8,000 ft MDRT, respectively while leaving the two adjacent SSD's in the closed position. Results, client objective was 100% achieved using only electric line, enabling the client to move forward with similar well designs having the confidence that a safe, reliable electric line solution is locally available. Additional results include reduced HSE risks as the e-line approach eliminated the use of a heavier CTU. Further contributing to the HSE benefits on this operation, only 6 persons were needed on site and no heavy lifts were required. The paper will also cover some lessons learned as debris in the profile and tubing caused some challenges. Novel/Additive Information This operation shows how the industry is constantly trying to improve on existing methods in order to be more efficient, safe and cost effective.


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