Benthic Impacts Resulting from the Discharge of Drill Cuttings and Adhering Synthetic Based Drilling Fluid in Deepwater

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian James Balcom ◽  
Bruce Donnell Graham ◽  
Alan D. Hart ◽  
Glenn P. Bestall
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Benthic Impacts

Inhibiting Calcium Chloride Heavy Brines to be Used as Drilling Fluids: Hurdles Encountered in Treatment, Application, Corrosion Mitigation, Solubility, and Foaming Tendencies for Drilling Sites in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenuka M. Ariyaratna ◽  
Nihal U. Obeyesekere ◽  
Tharindu S. Jayaneththi ◽  
Jonathan J. Wylde
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Completion Fluids

Abstract A need for more economic drilling fluids has been addressed by repurposing heavy brines typically used as completion fluids. Heavy brine corrosion inhibitors have been designed for stagnant systems. Drilling fluids are subjected to both heavy agitation and aeration through recirculation systems and atmospheric exposure during the various stages of the drilling process. This paper documents the development of heavy brine corrosion inhibitors to meet these additional drilling fluid requirements. Multiple system scenarios were presented requiring a methodical evaluation of corrosion inhibitor specifications while still maintaining performance. Due to the high density of heavy brine, traditional methods of controlling foaming were not feasible or effective. Additional product characteristics had to be modified to allow for the open mud pits where employees would be working, higher temperatures, contamination from drill cuttings, and product efficacy reduction due to absorption from solids. The product should not have any odor, should have a high flash point, and mitigate corrosion in the presence of drill cuttings, oxygen, and sour gases. Significant laboratory development and testing were done in order to develop corrosion inhibitors for use in heavy brines based on system conditions associated with completion fluids. The application of heavy brine as a drilling fluid posed new challenges involving foam control, solubility, product stability, odor control, and efficacy when mixed with drill cuttings. The key to heavy brine corrosion inhibitor efficacy is solubility in a supersaturated system. The solvent packages developed to be utilized in such environments were highly sensitive and optimized for stagnant and sealed systems. Laboratory testing was conducted utilizing rotating cylinder electrode tests with drill cuttings added to the test fluid. Product components that were found to have strong odors or low flash points were removed or replaced. Extensive foaming evaluations of multiple components helped identify problematic chemistries. Standard defoamers failed to control foaming but the combination of a unique solvent system helped to minimize foaming. The evaluations were able to minimize foaming and yield a low odor product that was suitable for open mud pits and high temperatures without compromising product efficacy. The methodology developed to transition heavy brine corrosion inhibitors from well completion applications to drilling fluid applications proved to be more complex than initially considered. This paper documents the philosophy of this transitioning and the hurdles that were overcome to ensure the final product met the unique system guidelines. The novel use of heavy brines as drilling fluids has created a need for novel chemistries to inhibit corrosion in a new application.

scholarly journals Cuttings Transport In Horizontal And Highly Deviated Wellbores

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Piroozian ◽  
Issham Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Positive Effect

Lencongan dari laluan tegak menyebabkan rincisan gerudi berkumpul pada bahagian bawah lubang telaga sehingga terbentuknya lapisan rincisan. Akibatnya, berlaku beberapa permasalahan operasi ketika berlangsungnya penggerudian. Daya seret dan kilas yang melampau, kesukaran yang dialami ketika penyorongan rentetan selongsong ke dalam lubang telaga, kesukaran untuk memperoleh operasi penyimenan yang baik, dan lekatan mekanikal paip gerudi adalah antara beberapa contoh lazim yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan terbabit. Sehubungan itu, pemahaman yang baik tentang parameter utama operasi yang mempengaruhi pembersihan lubang telaga adalah penting. Artikel ini mengetengahkan keputusan daripada kajian makmal yang telah dilaksanakan untuk menilai keberkesanan tiga jenis bendalir gerudi dalam menyingkir rincisan gerudi. Kajian makmal melibatkan penggunaan gelung legap aliran sepanjang 17 kaki dengan diameter 2 inci sebagai bahagian ujian. Bagi setiap uji kaji, prestasi pengangkutan rincisan (CTP - Cuttings Transport Performance) ditentukan menerusi pengukuran berat. Keputusan uji kaji dianalisis untuk memperoleh kesan menyeluruh ketiga-tiga parameter operasi, iaitu kelikatan bendalir gerudi, halaju bendalir, dan kecondongan lubang telaga. Kajian terkini membuktikan bahawa penggunaan bendalir gerudi berkelikatan tinggi berupaya meningkatkan CTP jika regim aliran adalah gelora. Walau bagaimanapun, peningkatan kelikatan dalam regim aliran peralihan atau laminar masing-masing mengurangkan CTP secara beransur atau mendadak. Kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan sudut kecondongan dari 60° ke 90° memberikan kesan yang positif terhadap CTP. Parameter operasi yang memberikan kesan yang ketara dalam kajian ini ialah halaju aliran, dengan peningkatan kecil yang dialami oleh halaju aliran berjaya memberikan kesan positif yang nyata dalam pembersihan lubang telaga. Kata kunci: Kecekapan penyingkiran rincisan; prestasi pengangkutan rincisan; rincisan gerudi; bendalir gerudi; pembersihan lubang telaga Deviation from vertical path makes drill cuttings to accumulate on the lower side of the wellbore that induces the formation of cuttings bed. Subsequently, relative problems occur while drilling. Excessive torque and drag, difficulties in running casing in hole and accomplishing good cementing jobs and mechanical pipe sticking are few of the classical examples of such problems. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential parameters on hole cleaning seems to be essential. This paper presents results of an experimental study that was carried out to evaluate cuttings removal efficiency of three types of drilling fluid. Experiments were conducted using a 17 feet long opaque flow loop of 2 inch diameter as test section. For each test, the amount of cuttings transport performance (CTP) was determined from weight measurements. Three operating parameters were considered, namely drilling fluid viscosity, fluid velocity, and hole inclination. It showed that the use of high-viscosity drilling fluid improved CTP if the flow regime was turbulent. However, increasing viscosity when flow regime was transient or laminar flow lessened CTP gradually or sharply respectively. It was also revealed that an incremental increase in hole inclination from 60° to 90° has a positive effect on CTP. The most influential parameter in this study was fluid velocity in which a small raise of fluid velocity resulted in a substantial positive effect on hole cleaning. Key words: Cuttings removal efficiency; cuttings transport performance; drill cuttings; drilling fluid; hole cleaning

Influence of Rock Chemical Composition in Microwave Heating and Decontamination of Drill Cuttings

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Petri Jr. ◽  
Jéssika Marina dos Santos ◽  
Arley Silva Rossi ◽  
Marina Seixas Pereira ◽  
Claudio Roberto Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Gas Drilling

Drill cuttings generated by oil and gas drilling process are incorporated into the drilling fluid to ensure an efficient drilling and solids removal. The drilling rigs have a separation system accountable for separating drill cuttings and drilling fluids. Microwave drying is a new technology of separation that has been studied as an alternative to the currently drill cuttings dryer used. The results obtained in preliminary studies showed that this microwave drying is sensitive to different oxides presents into the rock. Thus, this study aimed to describe the microwave heating kinetics of some rocks in order to verify the interaction of oxides with electromagnetic waves. For this, the oxide contents of the rocks were determined by X-ray Fluorescence and different rocks were heated in a microwave heating unit. The results showed that the relationship between the temperature and heating time is exponential and depends on the rock oxide contents. It was found that the iron oxides may be unstable at microwave and rocks with high levels of magnesium oxides and sulfates tend to be good absorbers of microwave. Rocks containing high levels of calcium, silicon, titanium, barium and chloride (NaCl) are not good absorbers of microwave. It was also noted that faster solid heating, lesser the efficiency of microwave drying.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CUTTINGS SIZE ON MUD RHEOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Ranges

Effective hole-cleaning is vital for a successful drilling operation and has significant effect on optimizing factors such as penetration rate, bit optimization and well stability. Efficient transportation of drilling cuttings are dependent on factors such as fluid properties and rheology, cuttings size and shape, fluid velocity, cuttings concentration, cuttings transport velocity and rate of penetration. This experimental work examined the effects of cutting sizes on drilling fluid rheology. To achieve this, two fresh samples of mud were prepared and the rheological properties were analyzed at different temperature ranges representing the operating conditions of most Niger Delta wells. A mesh analysis was carried on dried fresh drill cuttings from the Anieze North Field and dried cuttings taken from the laboratory and two samples were selected at ASTM#40 and #18. 10 % of these cuttings samples were added to each mud sample and the rheological properties were measured at similar temperature ranges as the original mud samples. The results gotten shows that at the various temperature ranges, mud contamination with smaller drill cuttings size (ASTM #40=400um) showed a better performance than the larger particles. The mud rheological properties (viscosity, yield point, YP, plastic viscosity, PV and density) measured at different temperatures showed a remarkable non-linear behavior as shown in the results. KEY WORDS: Cuttings Size, Drill Cuttings, Mud Contamination, Mud Rheology, Temperature

scholarly journals USING MICROWAVE TECHNIQUE TO TREAT CONTAMINATED DRILL CUTTINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2D) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Microwave Technique ◽  
Two Samples

Drilling waste is a vital and persistent problem found in the petroleum industry which is mainly related to drilling and oil production. When drilling fluids ruminants are discharged on the ground, human health is affected by the toxic of oil contamination and the chemicals of liquid fraction ruin organisms functional and contaminate the groundwater as a result of seeping. A microwave technique was used to treat the remain drill cuttings resulting from drilling fluid. Whereas amounts of drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila oilfields, prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from the southern Rumaila oilfields with Specific gravity of 0.882 and the other crude oil from the eastern Baghdad oilfield of Specific gravity 0.924. The concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% ​​and 15% w/w in mass was chosen to be the pollution percentage. Samples were treated in the microwave with different power applied of 180, 540, and 900 watt and a time period of 50 minutes is divided into 5 parts for analysis 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 min. the purpose of this study was trying to reach the zero-discharge concept treatment or near. It was found that the results of 22 sample reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples of 180-watt power applied and oil contamination of 15% w/w in mass they reached about 1.5-1% w/w in mass. The results show a great declination in oil contamination even with highest pollution with lower power applied.

scholarly journals Using on-stream X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine the chemical composition of drill cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Lakhtionov ◽  
Ivan S. Chumakov ◽  
Sergey G. Filinkov ◽  
Dmitry M. Chukin ◽  
Evgeny  N. Ishmetyev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Main Components

Background. The authors investigate the problems arising from the lack of information on the chemical composition of the drilled rocks during the construction of a well. Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the possibilities and efficient application of the streaming XRF method for determining the elemental composition of unwashed drill cuttings. The contribution of the paper lies in the lack of experience in the world practice of using streaming XRF analyzers. Materials and methods. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the possibility to use the streaming XRF method for analyzing the chemical composition of drill cuttings for the development of the oil industry. At the same time, the application of the proposed method is justified. The basis of this study are the results of the application of the streaming XRF method using the CON-X 02 streaming spectrometer for analyzing the chemical composition of drill cuttings not washed from drilling mud. This project has been implemented according the technological project between Gazpromneft — NNGGF LLC in cooperation with Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University and Gazpromneft — STC LLC. Result. The article presents the results of determined main elements of the composition of drill cuttings. The authors have carried out the analysis of changes in the intensity of the characteristic lines of the main components from the sampling depth. Simultaneously, the authors show the possibilities to derive correlation curves for various elements characteristic of certain rocks in the geological section of a particular field. Moreover, the study reveals the identification and characteristics of geochemical signs of specific target layers. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, authors may conclude that to obtain the correct results on the intensity of spectral lines of various chemical elements during streaming XRF analysis, there is no need to flush the cuttings from the drilling fluid. Finally, it is possible to qualitatively control the main elements of the composition of the drill cuttings.

scholarly journals Drag Coefficients of Irregularly Shaped Particles in Newtonian Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7517
Author(s):  
Owolabi Akanni ◽  
Chunkai Fu ◽  
Boyun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Drag Coefficients ◽  
Irregular Particle ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Particle Shapes

An accurate prediction of the settling velocities of drill cuttings is essential in effectively designing, running, and optimizing drilling operations. If there is no reliable process for modelling the drag coefficient, the settling velocity cannot be obtained. In most current literature, particles are assumed to be spherical, which can be easily modelled. However, this assumption may lead to inaccurate results for other irregular particle shapes. This paper studies the transport behavior of irregular particles by modelling these shapes as variants of a bow shape, with a numerical simulation approach for their drag coefficients. The drilling fluid around the particle is water (Newtonian). The drag coefficients of the non-spherical particle (grouped into three sub-shapes) were modelled. In addition, the inlet velocity of the fluid is varied to show the effects on the shape drag coefficients. The results of the simulations were compared to experimental results carried out by other researchers. It was observed that as the particles became less streamlined, their drag coefficient increased. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of fluid properties on the drag coefficient. The results were consistent and logical. The results showed that Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis provided a reliable estimation of the drag coefficient, which can help optimize the transport of drill cuttings during drilling operations.

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