Revolutionizing Offshore Production by InLine Separation Technology

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Fantoft ◽  
Mohamed Reda Akdim ◽  
Rene Mikkelsen ◽  
Tarig Abdalla ◽  
Remko Westra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Technology ◽  
Offshore Production

Separation of Biologically Active Compounds by Membrane Operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Renbi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Pressure Driven

Background: Bioactive compounds from various natural sources have been attracting more and more attention, owing to their broad diversity of functionalities and availabilities. However, many of the bioactive compounds often exist at an extremely low concentration in a mixture so that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts for their practical usage. Thus, effective fractionation or separation technologies are essential for the screening and production of the bioactive compound products. The applicatons of conventional processes such as extraction, distillation and lyophilisation, etc. may be tedious, have high energy consumption or cause denature or degradation of the bioactive compounds. Membrane separation processes operate at ambient temperature, without the need for heating and therefore with less energy consumption. The “cold” separation technology also prevents the possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. The separation process is mainly physical and both fractions (permeate and retentate) of the membrane processes may be recovered. Thus, using membrane separation technology is a promising approach to concentrate and separate bioactive compounds. Methods: A comprehensive survey of membrane operations used for the separation of bioactive compounds is conducted. The available and established membrane separation processes are introduced and reviewed. Results: The most frequently used membrane processes are the pressure driven ones, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). They are applied either individually as a single sieve or in combination as an integrated membrane array to meet the different requirements in the separation of bioactive compounds. Other new membrane processes with multiple functions have also been developed and employed for the separation or fractionation of bioactive compounds. The hybrid electrodialysis (ED)-UF membrane process, for example has been used to provide a solution for the separation of biomolecules with similar molecular weights but different surface electrical properties. In contrast, the affinity membrane technology is shown to have the advantages of increasing the separation efficiency at low operational pressures through selectively adsorbing bioactive compounds during the filtration process. Conclusion: Individual membranes or membrane arrays are effectively used to separate bioactive compounds or achieve multiple fractionation of them with different molecule weights or sizes. Pressure driven membrane processes are highly efficient and widely used. Membrane fouling, especially irreversible organic and biological fouling, is the inevitable problem. Multifunctional membranes and affinity membranes provide the possibility of effectively separating bioactive compounds that are similar in sizes but different in other physical and chemical properties. Surface modification methods are of great potential to increase membrane separation efficiency as well as reduce the problem of membrane fouling. Developing membranes and optimizing the operational parameters specifically for the applications of separation of various bioactive compounds should be taken as an important part of ongoing or future membrane research in this field.

scholarly journals A Diode-MMC AC/DC Hub for Connecting Offshore Wind Farm and Offshore Production Platform

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3759
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Lie Xu ◽  
Guangchen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
System Control ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
In Series ◽  
Dc Voltage Control

A diode rectifier-modular multilevel converter AC/DC hub (DR-MMC Hub) is proposed to integrate offshore wind power to the onshore DC network and offshore production platforms (e.g., oil/gas and hydrogen production plants) with different DC voltage levels. The DR and MMCs are connected in parallel at the offshore AC collection network to integrate offshore wind power, and in series at the DC terminals of the offshore production platform and the onshore DC network. Compared with conventional parallel-connected DR-MMC HVDC systems, the proposed DR-MMC hub reduces the required MMC converter rating, leading to lower investment cost and power loss. System control of the DR-MMC AC/DC hub is designed based on the operation requirements of the offshore production platform, considering different control modes (power control or DC voltage control). System behaviors and requirements during AC and DC faults are investigated, and hybrid MMCs with half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules (HBSMs and FBSMs) are used for safe operation during DC faults. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC validate the operation of the DR-MMC hub.

Reliability Analysis of Offshore Production Facilities Under Arctic Conditions Using Reliability Data From Other Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Barabadi
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Reliability Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
The Arctic Region ◽  
Production Facilities

The development of offshore energy resources involves highly complex and extensive technological processes. Reliability evaluation of offshore production facilities provides essential information in the design and operation phase. Historical reliability data play an important role in reliability analysis, and as such data reflect the effect of influencing factors that production facilities have experienced during their life cycle. Due to there being less offshore activity in the Arctic region compared with other areas, there is a lack of data and little experience available regarding operational equipment. In contrast to the Arctic region, oil and gas companies have a lot of experience and information related to the design and operation of offshore production facilities in the other parts of the world. Using this type of data and information, collected from similar systems but under different operational conditions, in design processes for the Arctic region may lead to incorrect design. This may increase health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risk or operating and maintenance costs. This paper develops a methodology for the application of the accelerated failure time model (AFT) to predict the reliability of equipment to be used in the Arctic region based on the available data. In the methodology used here, the available data is assumed to reflect the behavior of the equipment under low stress conditions, and using the AFT models the reliability of equipment in the Arctic environment, which represents high stress, is predicted. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate how the methodology can be applied in a real case.

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