The Role of Thermal Analysis Techniques in the In-Situ Combustion Process

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal N. Jha ◽  
Bela Verkoczy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

Automation of an In-Situ Combustion Tube and Study of the Effect of Clay on the In-Situ Combustion Process

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shapour Vossoughi ◽  
G. Paul Willhite ◽  
William P. Kritikos ◽  
Ibrahim M. Guvenir ◽  
Youssef El Shoubary
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Tube ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Adiabatic Conditions ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

Abstract A fully automated in-situ combustion apparatus supported by a minicomputer was designed, constructed, and tested.Results obtained from four adiabatic dry combustion runs to investigate the effect on clay on crude oil combustion are reported. Sand mixtures of varying clay (kaolinite) content were saturated with crude oil and water. The fourth run was performed with amorphous silica powder in the sand mixture for comparison with clay results.We concluded that the large surface area of the clays was a major contributor to the fuel deposition process. However, different oxygen utilization efficiencies obtained from both types of sand mixtures indicated that mechanisms controlling the combustion reaction also depended on the composition of the porous matrix.A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to obtain kinetic data on the effects of kaolinite type clay on crude oil combustion. The addition of kaolinite clay or silica powder changed the shape of the crude oil TGA/DSC thermograms significantly, but sand had no effect. The major effect on DSC thermograms was a shifting of the large amount of heat produced from a higher to lower temperature range. Reduction of activation energy caused by the addition of kaolinite clay to the crude oil indicates both catalytic and surface area effects on combustion/cracking reactions. Introduction In-situ combustion is a thermal recovery process in which a portion of the crude oil is coked and burned in situ to recover the remaining oil. Design of the process involves experimental evaluation of process variables in laboratory experiments. Variables sought experimentally for the design of the process are usually fuel availability, air requirement, oxygen utilization efficiency, combustion peak temperature, combustion front velocity, effect of porous matrix, and kinetic parameters. Four methods have been used to obtain design data for in-situ combustion projects. These include (1) adiabatic in-situ combustion tube runs, (2) isothermal reactors, (3) flood pot tests, and (4) thermal analysis techniques.This paper describes an investigation of the effect of clay on in-situ combustion involving results from adiabatic combustion tube runs and thermal analysis methods. Part 1 describes the minicomputer-based insitu combustion system developed as part of the research program. Part 2 demonstrates application of the system to study the effect of clays on the in-situ combustion process. Combustion tube runs described in Part 2 are supplemented with thermal analysis methods to evaluate the effect of clay on in-situ combustion of a Kansas crude oil. Part 1-Development of an Automated In-Situ Combustion Tube Adiabatic tube runs have been the most commonly used approach for studying in-situ combustion. Since heat loss is small to nil in thick reservoirs, in-situ combustion is assumed to occur under adiabatic conditions. Adiabatic conditions in tube runs can be achieved either by insulating the tube or by reducing the temperature gradient between the sandpack and the environment surrounding the tube, or both. To attain adiabatic conditions in a partially or noninsulated tube, the temperature of the surroundings must be raised to that of the sandpack as the combustion front moves along the tube. Heater bands with proportional heat loads controlled by individual controllers are used. This requires a large number of controllers to control the temperature of the outside SPEJ P. 493^

Contribution of thermal analysis and kinetics of Siberian and Tatarstan regions crude oils for in situ combustion process

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Varfolomeev ◽  
Ruslan N. Nagrimanov ◽  
Andrey V. Galukhin ◽  
Alexey V. Vakhin ◽  
Boris N. Solomonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
In Situ Combustion ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Crystal structure and in situ decomposition of Eu(BH4)2 and Sm(BH4)2

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Humphries ◽  
Morten B. Ley ◽  
Christoph Frommen ◽  
Keelie T. Munroe ◽  
Torben R. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
In Situ Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

Synthesis of halide free RE(BH4)2 (RE = Eu, Sm) complexes are detailed. Their crystal structures have been determined and thermal decomposition pathways studied by in situ SR-PXD and thermal analysis techniques.

Prediction of In-Situ Combustion Process Variables By Use of TGA/DSC Techniques and the Effect of Sand-Grain Specific Surface Area on the Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 656-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shapour Vossoughi ◽  
Gordon W. Bartlett ◽  
Paul G. Willhite
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
In Situ Combustion

Prediction of In-Situ Combustion Prediction of In-Situ Combustion Process Variables By Use of Process Variables By Use of TGA/DSC Techniques and the Effect of Sand-Grain Specific Surface Area on the Process Abstract This paper describes a new technique to predict the parameters that govern the performance of the in-situ combustion process. This prediction is accomplished by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the crude-oil combustion. The effect of surface area on the in-situ combustion-tube runs was also investigated. The crude oil studied was from Iola field, Allen County, KS. This oil has a gravity of 19.8 API [0.94 g/cm3] and a viscosity of 222 cp [0.222 Pa-s] at 100.4 F [38 C] and 98 cp [0.098 Pa-s] at 129.2 F [54 C]. Pa-s] at 100.4 F [38 C] and 98 cp [0.098 Pa-s] at 129.2 F [54 C]. At a bulk density of the combustion-tube pack of 104.26 lbm/cu ft [1.67 g/cm3], the minimum crude-oil content to support an adiabatic combustion process was estimated to be 7.1 wt%. This translates into 34.4% oil saturation for the sandpack of 37% porosity and the crude-oil gravity of 19.8 API [0.94 g/cm3]. However, the combustion front, in a sandpack of 70 mesh (specific surface area of 76 cm2/g [7.6 m2/kg]) with an oil content even greater than the required minimum oil content predicted by the present approach, did not sustain itself. Additional tube runs were performed with finer sand grains having specific surface areas of 317, 1,120 and 3,332 cm2/g [31.7, 112, and 333.2 m2/kg]. A strong, sustained combustion front was observed only in the last run-i.e., the greatest specific surface area. TGA was applied to the samples taken at 1- to 2-in. [2.54-to 5.08-cm] intervals ahead of the front to study crude-oil distribution. In the case of unsuccessful runs, the amount of the crude oil ahead of the front decreased to a level that sufficient fuel could not be laid down to sustain the front. In the self-sustained run with the greatest surface area, crude-oil content immediately ahead of the front was even higher than the original sand/oil mixture. Therefore, a minimum surface area is required to provide conditions for sufficient fuel to be laid down by the coking process. process. This finding is believed to be important in revealing the mechanism responsible for the lack of self-sustained combustion in sandpacks or porous rocks with low specific surface area. It also reveals the porous rocks with low specific surface area. It also reveals the importance of the specific surface area available to the crude oil for determining whether a self-sustained combustion could be achieved. Introduction In-situ combustion is a complex process that involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a multiphase environment coupled with chemical reactions of crude-oil combustion. Many studies on the thermal and fluid dynamics of the in-situ combustion process have been conducted, but little has been done to study chemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms involved in underground combustion. In a recent study, Fassihi et al. showed that the combustion of crude oil in porous media follows several consecutive reactions. They identified three groups of reactions (low-, middle-, and high-temperature reactions), and argued that the first was heterogeneous (gas/liquid), the second, homogeneous (gas phase), and the third, heterogeneous (gas/solid phase). They produced a model based on Weijdema's kinetic equation in which a simple reaction is assumed for each group of crude-oil reactions and Arrhenius-type dependency of the rate constant on temperature. This model, however, allowed only the prediction of crude-oil combustion parameters under very stringent and controlled conditions. The oxidative behavior of crude oils under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and atmosphere may also be studied by thermal analysis. Most researchers took a qualitative approach and used thermal analysis techniques to study the thermo-oxidative behavior of crudes with specific reference to the temperatures at which each oxidation reaction occurs. Weckowska and Bogdanow, however, took a different approach to thermal analysis by investigating the thermal decomposition kinetics of the vacuum-distillation residue of crude oil. They used the kinetic model of Zsako to describe mathematically the kinetics of thermal decomposition of a Romashkino crude-oil residue. SPEJ p. 656

Crystal/Glass Phase Change in KSb5S8Studied through Thermal Analysis Techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1932-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chrissafis ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
K. M. Paraskevopoulos ◽  
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Crystal Glass ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

scholarly journals Characterization of poled and non-poled β-PVDF films using thermal analysis techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 424 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sencadas ◽  
S. Lanceros-Méndez ◽  
J.F. Mano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

Can We Trust on the Thermal Analysis of Metal Organic Powders for thin film preparation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Farjas ◽  
Daniel Sanchez-Rodriguez ◽  
Hichem Eloussifi ◽  
Raul Cruz Hidalgo ◽  
Pere Roura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Heat And Mass Transport ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thin Film Preparation ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Precursors ◽  
Film Preparation ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

ABSTRACTThermal analysis techniques are routinely applied to characterize the thermal behavior of metal organic precursors used for oxide film preparation. Since the mass of films is very low, researchers do their thermal analyses on powders and consider that the results are representative of films. We will show here that, in general, this assumption is not true. Several examples involving precursors of YBa2Cu3O7-x (Ba and Y trifluoroacetates and Ba propionate) will serve to appreciate that films can behave very differently than powders due to their enhanced heat and mass transport paths. Ultimately, we will demonstrate that, in some cases, relying on powders thermal analysis may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document