The Development Of A Highly-Integrated Offshore Oil And Gas Production System In The North Sea

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Holding
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Production System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

scholarly journals Methane emissions from oil and gas platforms in the North Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 9787-9796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart N. Riddick ◽  
Denise L. Mauzerall ◽  
Michael Celia ◽  
Neil R. P. Harris ◽  
Grant Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract. Since 1850 the concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, has more than doubled. Recent studies suggest that emission inventories may be missing sources and underestimating emissions. To investigate whether offshore oil and gas platforms leak CH4 during normal operation, we measured CH4 mole fractions around eight oil and gas production platforms in the North Sea which were neither flaring gas nor offloading oil. We use the measurements from summer 2017, along with meteorological data, in a Gaussian plume model to estimate CH4 emissions from each platform. We find CH4 mole fractions of between 11 and 370 ppb above background concentrations downwind of the platforms measured, corresponding to a median CH4 emission of 6.8 g CH4 s−1 for each platform, with a range of 2.9 to 22.3 g CH4 s−1. When matched to production records, during our measurements individual platforms lost between 0.04 % and 1.4 % of gas produced with a median loss of 0.23 %. When the measured platforms are considered collectively (i.e. the sum of platforms' emission fluxes weighted by the sum of the platforms' production), we estimate the CH4 loss to be 0.19 % of gas production. These estimates are substantially higher than the emissions most recently reported to the National Atmospheric Emission Inventory (NAEI) for total CH4 loss from United Kingdom platforms in the North Sea. The NAEI reports CH4 losses from the offshore oil and gas platforms we measured to be 0.13 % of gas production, with most of their emissions coming from gas flaring and offshore oil loading, neither of which was taking place at the time of our measurements. All oil and gas platforms we observed were found to leak CH4 during normal operation, and much of this leakage has not been included in UK emission inventories. Further research is required to accurately determine total CH4 leakage from all offshore oil and gas operations and to properly include the leakage in national and international emission inventories.

INSPECTION FREQUENCY OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR DEGRADING FLOWLINES ON AN OFFSHORE PLATFORM

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAURABH KUMAR ◽  
RAJIV DANDOTIYA ◽  
RAJESH KUMAR ◽  
UDAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Frequency Optimization ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Many offshore oil and gas installations in the North Sea are approaching the end of their designed lifetimes. Technological improvements and higher oil prices have developed favorable conditions for more oil recovery from these existing installations. However, in most cases, an extended oil production period does not justify investment in new installations. Therefore cost-effective maintenance of the existing platform infrastructure is becoming very important. In this paper, an inspection frequency optimization model has been developed which can be used effectively by the inspection and maintenance personnel in the industry to estimate the number of inspections/optimum preventive maintenance time required for a degrading component at any age or interval in its lifecycle at a minimum total maintenance cost. The model can help in planning inspections and maintenance intervals for different components of the platform infrastructure. The model has been validated by a case study performed on flowlines installed on the top side of an offshore oil and gas platform in the North Sea. Reliability analysis has been carried out to arrive at the best inspection frequency for the flowline segments under study.

The Composition of Produced Water from Shell Operated Oil and Gas Production in the North Sea

1992 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. W. M. Jacobs ◽  
R. O. H. Grant ◽  
J. Kwant ◽  
J. M. Marquenie ◽  
E. Mentzer
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Measuring methane emissions from oil and gas platforms in the North Sea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart N. Riddick ◽  
Denise L. Mauzerall ◽  
Michael Celia ◽  
Neil R. P. Harris ◽  
Grant Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. Recent studies suggest oil and natural gas production facilities in North America may be underestimating methane (CH4) emissions during extraction. This, coupled with unusually high CH4 mole fractions observed at coastal sites during onshore winds in the UK, suggests CH4 emissions from oil and gas extraction activities in the North Sea could be higher than previously reported. To investigate if these coastal CH4 enhancements could have come from oil and gas production platforms, we use near-source measurement techniques to estimate CH4 emissions from eight oil and gas production platforms in the North Sea. We estimate the mean CH4 emission from the eight platforms to be 10.1 g CH4 s−1, with a range of 1.1 to 25.0 g CH4 s−1. When matched to production records, individual platforms lose between 0.01 % and 1.58 % of gas production with an average loss of 0.61 % of gas production. However, when the measured platforms are considered collectively, i.e. when the total measured emission is compared to total production of the platforms measured, the CH4 loss is estimated at 0.27 % of gas production. These calculated ranges are at least double the most recently reported loss rates for these platforms, which are currently estimated at 0.13 % of gas production. In fact, the vast majority of reported emissions are due to gas flaring and offshore oil loading, neither of which was taking place at the time of these measurements. If emissions measured here resulted from leakage during normal operation, they represent significant additional emissions (at least 0.27 % of production) above previous estimates of CH4 leakage from off-shore oil and gas production platforms. These emissions are not explicitly included in UK emission inventories. Further research to determine CH4 leakage from all operations occurring at off-shore oil and gas platforms, and how to include them in national emission inventories, is needed.

A survey of inputs to the North Sea resulting from oil and gas developments

1987 ◽  
Vol 316 (1181) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

The annual input of petroleum hydrocarbons to the North Sea has recently been estimated to be between 100 and 170 kt and is derived from a variety of sources. Although there is uncertainty about the size of inputs from some sources, there is general agreement that the atmosphere, rivers and land run-off (including coastal sewage), and coastal oil industry activities combined with shipping, remain sources of major inputs. However, the size of annual inputs from the offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities has recently increased to about 20 kt and these activities now form one of the major sources of petroleum hydrocarbons to the North Sea. This increase is almost entirely due to the use of oil-based drill-muds and the consequent discharge of drill cuttings contaminated with residual mud. At present, experience in the United Kingdom has shown that this input of fresh, unweathered oil rapidly enters otherwise uncontaminated offshore sediments, producing strictly local effects around the point-source discharges. The nature and composition of this input differs from the majority of the inputs to coastal waters and sediments, and from the diffuse atmospheric input to offshore waters. Of the 140 kt of materials other than oil discharged annually to the North Sea from oil and gas developments in the United Kingdom, 98-99% arise from drilling operations, but the vast majority of inputs from this source are biologically inert or derivatives of natural products. Surveys indicate that, of the remaining materials, less than 50 t of the more toxic products (i.e. those with a 96 h LC 50 to Crangon crangon of less than 1 part/10 6 ) are discharged into United Kingdom waters annually. The largely uncontaminated offshore North Sea waters and sediments remain little affected by offshore oil and gas developments, but if these activities enter already contaminated estuarine and coastal waters, the contamination and effects from this source will be harder to distinguish.

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