The world first TAML Level 3 tri-lateral with Sand Control application for Saudi Aramco

Â Saudi Aramco is the largest oil production company in the entire world. It supplies almost almost 1/10th of the oil in the world. The economy of Saudi Arabia is highly dependent on the production of oil.Aramco got attacked by a virusÂ named Shamoon on 15th August 2012. It was one of the most disrupting cyber-attack that was carried out against the business. Shamoon had spread from the network of the company and it wiped out the hard drives of the computers. The virus infected almost thirty thousand of workstations during the mid of August .The paper will discus the impact of the cyber attack on the oil production on Saudi Aramco. In addition, the analysis and the mechanisms that the attackers used to launch the virus. This research explains how Saudi Aramco recovered form the cyber attack.Â

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Impact of Cyber Attack on Saudi Aramco

10.54216/jcim.070102 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

Mohammed. I I.alghamdi ◽

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Oil Production ◽

Cyber Attack ◽

Security Measures ◽

Hard Drives ◽

The World ◽

Saudi Aramco ◽

History Of

Saudi Aramco is the world’s leading oil producer based in Saudi Arabia. Around 1/10th of oil is exported from this organization to the world. Oil production is the major source of revenue for Saudi Arabia and its economy relies completely on it. The Shamoon virus attacked Saudi Aramco in August 2012. The country receives over 80% to 90% of total revenues from the exports of oil and contributes over 40% of the GDP [8]. Shamoon spread from the company's network and removed all of the hard drives. The company was limited only to office workstations and the software was not affected by the virus, due to which all technical operations could have been affected. It was the most disastrous cyber attack in the history of Saudi Arabia. Around 30,000 workstations had been infected by the virus. This paper also discusses the effects of Ransomware which recently attacked Aramco. Apart from that, we will also discuss some suggestions and security measures to prevent those attacks.

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Saudi Arabia in the World Oil Market

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-9-98-107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 98-107

Author(s):

S. Zhukov ◽

I. Kopytin ◽

O. Reznikova

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Large Scale ◽

Technological Development ◽

World Order ◽

Production Costs ◽

Historical Period ◽

Oil Market ◽

The Us ◽

The World ◽

Saudi Aramco

The goal of the article is to analyze the role of Saudi Arabia in the world oil market and in the world economy for a long historical period. It is shown that strategically behavior of Saudi Arabia always was and continues to be subordinated to ensuring the stable supply of oil into the world oil market. Under the Saudi Arabia leadership OPEC aims at pursuing an economically rational and responsible policy, supporting the balance of the demand for oil and its supply thus allow¬ing to avoid deep and lasting oil price decline. Until the very recently an important factor impacting the formulation of Saudi oil policy was maintaining of strategic interaction with the US. The restructuring of the world oil market driven by the shale revolution and nearing peak of global demand for oil have created new challenges for Saudi Arabia oil strategy. The OPEC+ situational agreement enacted since 2017 by OPEC and non-OPEC countries to voluntary reduce levels of oil production temporarily allows to keep a supply – demand balance in the world oil market preventing from substantial drop in oil prices. At the same time the agreement opens opportunities for competitors, first of all American producers of tight oil, to maintain and expand export niches. Shale revolution created a situation when oil interests of the US and Saudi Arabia came into open conflict. For political and strategic considerations, a price war in order to crowd American oil producers with their relatively high production costs out of the market is not a feasible option for the Kingdom. Attempts to transform the state oil company Saudi Aramco into a mega supermajor utilizing on the global economic and financial potential have failed as the leading international banks and corporations avoided the company’s IPO. The failure of Saudi Aramco partial privatization is a signal of a false start of a company to open the Saudi economy to large-scale in-flow of foreign investment. Paradoxically the long-term perspectives of Saudi Arabia crucially depend on how effectively it will use in the coming 10–20 years oil export earnings for diversification of national economy outside the oil sector. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).

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Checklist and comments on the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from the Indian subcontinent

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4457 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽

ANAMIKA SHARMA ◽

ANANTANARAYANAN RAMAN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Type Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

New Genus ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Species Level ◽

New Combinations ◽

The World ◽

Level 3

A checklist comprising information on taxonomy, distribution and host plants is provided for 161 species of jumping plant-lice from the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) based on published records and museum material. In addition there are 15 species recorded in the literature which are identified to genus only. Museum material provides eight new country and two new state (within India) records. The taxonomy is updated and following nomenclatorial acts are proposed: new genus (1), new generic synonymies (2), designation of type species (1), new species synonymies (5), replacement names for primary homonyms at species level (3), new status of subspecies (3), new combinations (23). Toonapsylla Burckhardt, gen. nov. is described for Psylla cedrelae (Kieffer, 1905). The new genus belongs to Mastigimatinae (Calophyidae) and is probably closest related to Bharatiana and Mastigimas, both associated with Cedrela and Toona (Meliaceae). The new genus is diagnosed and a key is provided for the world genera of Mastigimatinae. The Neoptropical genus Allophorina Hodkinson is transferred here from Mastigimatinae (Calophyidae) to Psyllinae (Psyllidae).

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The COVID-19 era: the view from Nigeria

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa297 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

O O Oleribe ◽

P Oskouipour ◽

O Nwanyanwu ◽

S D Taylor-Robinson

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

National Laboratory ◽

International Health ◽

Laboratory System ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Health Authorities ◽

The World ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Level 3 ◽

Antiviral Medications

Abstract If we were told that one day the entire world would take its guidance for managing a health crisis from empirical thought, nobody would have believed it. However, with the December 2019 arrival of COVID-19 in China, the world subsequently went into a frenzied state that resulted in the widespread adoption of untested strategies or potential cures; circumstantial evidence provided without randomized control trials (RCTs) was published rapidly and widely considered the gold standard in medical research and therapeutics. Nigeria and much of the rest of the world blindly adopted treatments like chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and various prevention strategies, often without monitoring the efficacy of these treatment and social control strategies. COVID-19 provided Nigeria a critical opportunity to create or strengthen its national laboratory system by building up its Level 3 laboratories in all parts of the country with the capability to perform PCR tests and viral isolation. There was also an opportunity to establish hospitals in every region of a sufficient standard to reduce the numbers of Nigerians travelling abroad to seek medical treatment; to invest in building capacity to develop antiviral medications and vaccines in Nigeria, and to ensure better international health policies. Rather, Nigerian leaders, government and health managers decided (like most other nations of the world) to shut down the society using isolationist policies that were not necessarily tailored to local needs. Despite adopting these methods, COVID-19 cases continued to skyrocket in Nigeria. In the future, before adopting such broad sweeping policies, there should be local tailoring to assess their effectiveness in different communities. Given that the country has much experience in controlling Lassa and Marburg Fever outbreaks, Nigeria should lead by developing new strategies, new protocols and new local guidelines, based on validated and reproducible studies to ensure that the public health authorities are not caught unaware by any new outbreaks of emerging or remerging diseases.

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Foot Skin Ischemic Necrosis following Heel Prick in a Newborn

Case Reports in Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2013/912876 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esad Koklu ◽

Erdal Avni Ariguloglu ◽

Selmin Koklu

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Iodine Solution ◽

Ischemic Necrosis ◽

First Case ◽

The World ◽

Level 3 ◽

Heel Prick ◽

Povidone Iodine Solution

There are only a few reports on side effects after heel prick in neonates although heel prick has been performed all over the world for many years. The medicine staff had obtained only a drop of blood by pricking the baby’s heel using a lancet without compressing the heel or foot to measure his blood glucose level 3 hours after birth. However he developed a severe and hemorrhagic skin reaction on his entire left foot, beginning 30 minutes after obtaining the drop of blood by pricking the baby’s heel using a lancet. The lesion, which was treated with topical mupirocin and povidone-iodine solution daily, slowly decreased in size and had almost fully resolved within 3 weeks. He was healthy and 9 months old at the time of writing this paper. We herein report a case of foot skin ischemic necrosis following heel prick in a newborn. To our knowledge this patient is the first case of foot skin ischemic necrosis due to heel prick in newborns.

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