Determination of Intrinsic Dip and Azimuth From LWD Azimuthal-Propagation Resistivity Measurements in Anisotropic Formations

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.. Fang ◽  
A.. Merchant ◽  
E.. Hart ◽  
A.. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Effects ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Resistivity Anisotropy ◽  
Main Components

Summary With the use of both azimuthal-propagation-resistivity (APR) and main- and cross-component data, the resistivity anisotropy and its dip and azimuth angles of a massive formation (anisotropic shale or laminated sand) can be determined. The accuracy of the determined parameters depends on the amount of available data. The minimum amount of data required is two frequency main components and real and quadrature cross components. The boundary effects will distort the solution eventually; however, the anisotropy-enhanced processing will minimize the effects to extend the algorithm to a certain distance away from a boundary.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

Determination of Bioactive Components of 60°С Volatiles from Cinnamomum camphora Branches by TD-GC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 852-856
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Dang Quan Zhang ◽  
Qi Mei Liu ◽  
Kuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Industrial Materials ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Main Components

The chemical components of helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora were studied by TD-GC/MS. The analytical result by 60°С-based TD-GC/MS showed that 55 peaks were obtained from the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora and 53 chemical compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (15.4328%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (14.881%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (12.694%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (9.832%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3- pentenyl)-, (1S-exo)- (6.143%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- (5.365%), Bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (4.527%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a- hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- (4.129%), 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1- (1-methylethyl)- (2.965%), Borneol (2.627%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate, (1S-endo)- (2.586%), Copaene (2.534%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (Z)- (1.612%), (-)-Isosativene (1.121%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of the Activation Energy of Polar Firn by D.C. Resistivity Measurements

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hochstein ◽  
G. F. Risk
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range

The activation energy ϵe1 of polar firn samples determined by D.C. resistivity measurements is a function of temperature and density. In the temperature range −2° C. to −10° C. ϵe1 decreases with decreasing temperature reaching a nearly constant value for temperatures colder than −10°C.; in the temperature range −10°C. to −21°C. ϵe1 was found to decrease with increasing density and to lie between 0.7 eV. and 0.4 eV.

Inspection and Determination of a Vehicle Arson Case According to Diesel Fuel and Gasoline

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 751-755
Author(s):  
Li Li Yu ◽  
Shu Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Combustion Residue ◽  
Material Evidence

From a vehicle arson case, it briefly introduced the basic situation and investigation of fire, particularly discussed the inspection process of samples, even compared some main components with suspected criminal tool at length. The results showed that it was deteced gasoline composition in extracted material evidence of vehicle combustion residue,but the vehicle were diesel fuel car. Then it analysed in detail the difference of gasoline, diesel oil and mixture of gasoline and diesel oil on composition. Their composition characteristics were both have aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dimethylbenzene series, trimethylbenzene series, tetramethylbenzeneseries, methylindane, naphthalene series, But alkane composition and distribution was not the same, as diesel contained C11-C20 linear paraffin and branched paraffin which obviously normal distribution, even the content of alkanes was significantly higher than aromatic hydrocarbon.but gasoline was different , not only the alkane characteristics is not obvious, but also aromatic hydrocarbons high content; While the content of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbon were similar in mixture. By comparing the plastic drum left on scene with inspected samples, their gasoline characteristics were the same, Thus we can determine the plastic drum was criminal tool of setting fire, it could provide powerful evidence to solve cases for fire investigators and criminal investigators.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Waste Leaves from Chinese Hackberry by GC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 930-934
Author(s):  
Gong Xiu He ◽  
Dang Quan Zhang ◽  
Qi Mei Liu ◽  
Kuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
History Of ◽  
Celtis Sinensis ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Main Components

Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis) tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. However, researches on Chinese Hackberry were mostly focused on the biomass analyses and utilizations of its wood, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting waste Chinese Hackberry leaves. Therefore, the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves were analyzed by method of GC/MS in order to identify top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Chinese Hackberry tree. The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves by GC/MS analysis were identified 10 components (106 peaks) as: Sesquirosefuran (48.57%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (20.01 %), Hexatriacontane (8.67%), Octadecane (8.60%), 1-Eicosanol Pregn-4-en-3-one, 20-hydroxy-, (20R)- (4.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (3.63%), 1,3-Diphenyl-(4H)1,2,4-triazoline- (1.92%), Tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecane-1-carboxylic acid (1.69%), Eucalyptol (1.60%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of spicery, biomedicines, and biofuel.

scholarly journals Determination of the Activation Energy of Polar Firn by D.C. Resistivity Measurements

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hochstein ◽  
G. F. Risk
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range

The activation energyϵe1of polar firn samples determined by D.C. resistivity measurements is a function of temperature and density. In the temperature range −2° C. to −10° C.ϵe1decreases with decreasing temperature reaching a nearly constant value for temperatures colder than −10°C.; in the temperature range −10°C. to −21°C.ϵe1was found to decrease with increasing density and to lie between 0.7 eV. and 0.4 eV.

Calculation of the X-ray powder reflection profiles of very small needle-like crystals. II. Quantitative results on eskisehir sepiolite fibers

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yücel ◽  
M. Rautureau ◽  
D. Tchoubar ◽  
C. Tchoubar
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Boundary Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydration State ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Small Needle

A calculation method for the X-ray profiles from small, needle-like crystallites [Yücel, Rautureau, Tchoubar & Tchoubar (1980). J. Appl. Cryst. 13, 370–374] is applied to natural Eskisehir sepiolite mineral. By analysing the hk0 reflections, quantitative results are given on the average cross-sectional dimensions, their distribution, preferred directions of growth, lattice parameters, hydration state, and imperfections. Practical methods for the determination of the zeolitic water content and the importance of boundary effects are proposed.

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