How to Evaluate the Effect of Mud Cake on Cement Bond Quality of Second Interface?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Yong ◽  
Cui Mao Rong ◽  
Guo Yang ◽  
Shi Qing ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Bond Quality ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Cement Bond Quality

Solidifying Mud Cake to Improve Cementing Quality of Shale Gas Well: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Ju Huang ◽  
Su Zhang ◽  
Xinzhong Hu ◽  
Hangxiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Gas Bearing

The purpose of this study is to improve the cementing quality of shale gas well by mud cake solidification, as well as to provide the better annular isolation for its hydraulic fracturing development. Based on the self-established experimental method and API RP 10, the effects of mud cake solidifiers on the shear strength at cement-interlayer interface (SSCFI) were evaluated. After curing for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, SSCFI was remarkably improved by 629.03%, 222.37%, 241.43% and 273.33%, respectively, compared with the original technology. Moreover, the compatibility among the mud cake solidifier, cement slurry, drilling fluid and prepad fluid meets the safety requirements for cementing operation. An application example in a shale gas well (Yuanye HF-1) was also presented. The high quality ratio of cementing quality is 93.49% of the whole well section, while the unqualified ratio of adjacent well (Yuanba 9) is 84.46%. Moreover, the cementing quality of six gas-bearing reservoirs is high. This paper also discussed the mechanism of mud cake solidification. The reactions among H3AlO42- and H3SiO4- from alkali-dissolved reaction, Na+ and H3SiO4- in the mud cake solidifiers, and Ca2+ and OH- from cement slurry form the natrolite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with different silicate-calcium ratio. Based on these, SSCFI and cementing quality were improved.

Cement Conundrum: Valuable Lessons Learned for Sustaining Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Najmi Farhan binti Zulkipli
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Cement Integrity ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Cement Bond Quality

Abstract Addressing wellbore integrity through cement evaluation has been an evergreen topic which frequently catches major operators by surprise due to premature water or gas breakthrough causing low production attainability from the wells. Managing idle well strings arising from integrity issues is also a challenge throughout the production period. The remedial solutions to these issues do not come conveniently and require high cost during late life well intervention which often erodes the well economic limit. A critical element of wellbore barrier which is cement integrity evaluation is proposed to be uplifted and given a new perspective to define success criteria for producer wells to achieve certain reserves addition and production recovery. This paper will highlight integrated factors affecting cement bond quality, impact to well production, potential remedies for poor cement bond observed leveraging on the enhanced workflow and new technology and way forward to proactively prevent the unwanted circumstances in the first opportunity taken. A set of recommendations and prioritization criteria for future cement improvement will be also highlighted. Several case specific wells logged with variable cement bond evaluation tools are re-assessed and deep-dived to trace the root causes for unsatisfactory cement bond quality observed which include reservoir characteristics, understanding anomalies during drilling and cementing operation, identifying cement recipe used, log processing parameters applied and observing best practices during cementing operation to improve the quality. New and emerging cement evaluation technology inclusive of radioactive-based logging to meet specific well objectives will be also briefly discussed in terms of differences and technical deliverables. Looking at each spectrum, results show that there are several interdependent factors contributing to poor cement bond quality observed. Accurate understanding of formation behavior, designing fit-for-purpose cement recipe and adequate planning for cementing operation on well-by-well basis are among the top- notch approaches to be applied for an acceptable cement bond quality and placement. Statistics show that 27% to 64% of production attainability is achieved by wells with good cement quality within the first 3 months of production and this increases to 85% to 98% up until 7 months of production period, while only 12% production attainability achieved for those wells with adverse cement quality issue. In another well, water cut as high as 47% since the first day of production is observed which keeps increasing up to 40% thereafter. In a nutshell, cement evaluation exercise shall not be treated as vacuum, instead it requires an integrated foundation and close collaboration to materialize the desired outcomes. Arresting the issue with the right approach in the first place will be the enabler for optimum well performance and productivity to exceed the recovery target.

Experimental investigation of 0.6 in. diameter strand lifting loops

PCI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Sandip Chhetri ◽  
Rachel A. Chicchi ◽  
Andrew E. N. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Bond Stress ◽  
Pullout Capacity ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Pullout Failure

Very little experimental data have been published relating to the pullout capacity of prestressing strand lifting loops. To address this gap in knowledge, 13 pullout tests were conducted on strand lifting loops with 0.6 in. (15.24 mm) diameter, 270 ksi (1860 MPa) strand. Straight and bent orientations were tested for single loops at different embedment depths. Loops were embedded in 12 in. (304.8 mm) wide and 44 in. (1117.6 mm) deep concrete blocks and subjected to monotonic, static loading until failure. Marginal bond quality of the strand (18.2 kip [81 kN]), Mohs hardness (3.6), and concrete strength (3000 psi [20.7 MPa]) resulted in an average bond stress value of 400 psi (2758 kPa) at failure. Most tests exhibited pullout failure modes and adequate ductility. Three loops tested at 32 in. (812.8 mm) embedment with 6 in. (152.4 mm), 90-degree bends experienced brittle side-face blowout failures. These failures were due to inclination of the lifting, which led to a reduced edge distance. A safe uniform bond stress of 199 psi (1372 kPa) is recommended for 0.6 in. diameter strand.

Bond Quality of Laminated Wood Made from Surian (Toona sinensis Roem) and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Mulya Alamsyah ◽  
Ihak Sumardi ◽  
Sutrisno . ◽  
Atmawi Darwis ◽  
Yoyo Suhaya
Keyword(s):  
Bond Quality ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Toona Sinensis

Effect of double-layer application on bond quality of adhesive systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fujiwara ◽  
Toshiki Takamizawa ◽  
Wayne W. Barkmeier ◽  
Akimasa Tsujimoto ◽  
Arisa Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Bond Quality

Multi-Resolution Analysis of the Acousto-Ultrasonic Testing Signal for Composite Material Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Bin Jing ◽  
Chunan Ai ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filtering ◽  
Characteristic Frequency ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Multi Resolution Analysis ◽  
Material Detection ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Testing Signal ◽  
Stress Wave Factor

The AU technique is employed in this paper to test the specimen which is made up of composite shell and adiabatic layer; the noise in the tested signal is reduced by adaptive filtering; Multi-resolution analysis of the signal is achieved by wavelet transform. By comparing the ratio of the energy of signal in different frequency zones to the total energy, the characteristic frequency zone of the signal is gained. The characteristic frequency zone of the signal from specimen is evaluated by energy integral Stress Wave Factor (SWF). Flaws are found effectively, and the size of flaw can be evaluated qualitatively. The validity of AU test for bond quality of the structure is approved in the experiments.

scholarly journals Application of stress based NDT methods for concrete repair bond quality control

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garbacz
Keyword(s):  
Stress Waves ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Repair Material ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Substrate Roughness ◽  
Concrete Repair ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Field Assessment

Abstract Adhesion in repair systems is one of the most important factors affecting their durability. Elaboration of a reliable nondestructive test method to perform an adhesion mapping is one of the most important tasks. A majority of NDT methods applicable for the assessment of concrete structures are based on the propagation of various types of stress waves. In this paper, the influence of the repair material type (polymer-cement or polymer) and quality of the concrete substrate (roughness, microcracking, not cleaned surface) upon propagation of stress waves in a repair system was studied in view of developing a reliable NDT procedure for the field assessment of bond quality in concrete repairs.

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