scholarly journals Secure key distribution with salr using wireless sensor network The major factors that lift the competence of Service Oriented Wireless Sensor Networks are Congestion control and transferring data securely. It is desirable to alter the routing and security outlines adaptively in order to retort effectually to the swiftly fluctuating Network State. Adding complexities to the routing and security schemes increases end to end delay which is not acceptable in service oriented wireless sensor networks. In this project, an innovative proposal of Secure Adaptive Load Balancing Routing (SALR) protocol using data communication has been proposed. SALR adopt the multipath assortment based on Node Strength is done at every hop to decide the most secure and least congested route. The system envisages the unsurpassed direction instead of running the congestion detection and security schemes repeatedly. Simulation results of Delivery Loss Ratio and Packet Delivery Ratio shows that security performance is better than reported protocols and performance of routing path in better results

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Congestion Detection ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Major Factors

Relaibility in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-246
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Shilpi Harnal ◽  
Neha Miglani ◽  
Savita Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
And Performance

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have gained importance as well as diverted attention of many researchers, domain experts to a great extent in recent past. The devices used for UWSN deployment are resource-constrained like storage issue, low processing speed, as well are vulnerable to a wide class of security threats and malicious attacks, which affect reliable communication. For reliable data delivery, a system should include packet delivery ratio, battery life, delays incurred, and energy consumption, etc. Numerous reliability models for underwater networks have been designed to incorporate the parameters and performance metrics in optimized manner. The chapter deals with focusing on such models and their efficiency in terms of battery life, packet loss, error handling mechanism, and network delays. Further, it is also explained how and why the error-controlled schemes should be designed and implemented in order to incorporate reliable data delivery in limited resources-constraints of UWSN along with the consideration of efficiency and performance concerns.

scholarly journals Sink-Type-Dependent Data-Gathering Frameworks in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2829
Author(s):  
Rezoan Ahmed Nazib ◽  
Sangman Moh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Sinks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quality Of Service Parameters

Owing to automation trends, research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become prevalent. In addition to static sinks, ground and aerial mobile sinks have become popular for data gathering because of the implementation of WSNs in hard-to-reach or infrastructure-less areas. Consequently, several data-gathering mechanisms in WSNs have been investigated, and the sink type plays a major role in energy consumption and other quality of service parameters, such as packet delivery ratio, delay, and throughput. However, the data-gathering schemes based on different sink types in WSNs have not been investigated previously. This paper reviews such data-gathering frameworks based on three different types of sinks (i.e., static, ground mobile, and aerial mobile sinks), analyzing the data-gathering frameworks both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, we examine the frameworks by discussing their working principles, advantages, and limitations, followed by a qualitative comparative study based on their main ideas, optimization criteria, and performance evaluation parameters. Next, we present a simulation-based quantitative comparison of three representative data-gathering schemes, one from each category. Simulation results are shown in terms of energy efficiency, number of dead nodes, number of exchanged control packets, and packet drop ratio. Finally, lessons learned from the investigation and recommendations made are summarized.

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) Performance Evaluation in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Extensitive Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Good Performer ◽  
Wide Range

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) is proposed as a novel routing protocol designed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). FTRP offers fault tolerance reliability for packet exchange and support for dynamic network changes. The key concept used is the use of node logical clustering. The protocol delegates the routing ownership to the cluster heads where fault tolerance functionality is implemented. FTRP utilizes cluster head nodes along with cluster head groups to store packets in transient. In addition, FTRP utilizes broadcast, which reduces the message overhead as compared to classical flooding mechanisms. FTRP manipulates Time to Live values for the various routing messages to control message broadcast. FTRP utilizes jitter in messages transmission to reduce the effect of synchronized node states, which in turn reduces collisions. FTRP performance has been extensively through simulations against Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State (OLSR) routing protocols. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Aggregate Throughput and End-to-End delay (E-2-E) had been used as performance metrics. In terms of PDR and aggregate throughput, it is found that FTRP is an excellent performer in all mobility scenarios whether the network is sparse or dense. In stationary scenarios, FTRP performed well in sparse network; however, in dense network FTRP’s performance had degraded yet in an acceptable range. This degradation is attributed to synchronized nodes states. Reliably delivering a message comes to a cost, as in terms of E-2-E. results show that FTRP is considered a good performer in all mobility scenarios where the network is sparse. In sparse stationary scenario, FTRP is considered good performer, however in dense stationary scenarios FTRP’s E-2-E is not acceptable. There are times when receiving a network message is more important than other costs such as energy or delay. That makes FTRP suitable for wide range of WSNs applications, such as military applications by monitoring soldiers’ biological data and supplies while in battlefield and battle damage assessment. FTRP can also be used in health applications in addition to wide range of geo-fencing, environmental monitoring, resource monitoring, production lines monitoring, agriculture and animals tracking. FTRP should be avoided in dense stationary deployments such as, but not limited to, scenarios where high application response is critical and life endangering such as biohazards detection or within intensive care units.

QoS Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Omkar Singh ◽  
Vinay Rishiwal
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End

Background & Objective: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of huge number of tiny senor nodes. WSN collects environmental data and sends to the base station through multi-hop wireless communication. QoS is the salient aspect in wireless sensor networks that satisfies end-to-end QoS requirement on different parameters such as energy, network lifetime, packets delivery ratio and delay. Among them Energy consumption is the most important and challenging factor in WSN, since the senor nodes are made by battery reserved that tends towards life time of sensor networks. Methods: In this work an Improve-Energy Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Hierarchy (I-EAMMH) QoS based routing approach has been proposed and evaluated that reduces energy consumption and delivers data packets within time by selecting optimum cost path among discovered routes which extends network life time. Results and Conclusion: Simulation has been done in MATLAB on varying number of rounds 400- 2000 to checked the performance of proposed approach. I-EAMMH is compared with existing routing protocols namely EAMMH and LEACH and performs better in terms of end-to-end-delay, packet delivery ratio, as well as reduces the energy consumption 13%-19% and prolongs network lifetime 9%- 14%.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Approach for Adaptable Middleware Evolution in WSN Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Walter Tiberti ◽  
Dajana Cassioli ◽  
Antinisca Di Marco ◽  
Luigi Pomante ◽  
Marco Santic
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Model Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hardware Platforms

Advances in technology call for a parallel evolution in the software. New techniques are needed to support this dynamism, to track and guide its evolution process. This applies especially in the field of embedded systems, and certainly in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where hardware platforms and software environments change very quickly. Commonly, operating systems play a key role in the development process of any application. The most used operating system in WSNs is TinyOS, currently at its TinyOS 2.1.2 version. The evolution from TinyOS 1.x and TinyOS 2.x made the applications developed on TinyOS 1.x obsolete. In other words, these applications are not compatible out-of-the-box with TinyOS 2.x and require a porting action. In this paper, we discuss on the porting of embedded system (i.e., Wireless Sensor Networks) applications in response to operating systems’ evolution. In particular, using a model-based approach, we report the porting we did of Agilla, a Mobile-Agent Middleware (MAMW) for WSNs, on TinyOS 2.x, which we refer to as Agilla 2. We also provide a comparative analysis about the characteristics of Agilla 2 versus Agilla. The proposed Agilla 2 is compatible with TinyOS 2.x, has full capabilities and provides new features, as shown by the maintainability and performance measurement presented in this paper. An additional valuable result is the architectural modeling of Agilla and Agilla 2, missing before, which extends its documentation and improves its maintainability.

scholarly journals Congestion Detection Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study with Testbed Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Kafi ◽  
Djamel Djenouri ◽  
Jalel Ben Othman ◽  
Abdelraouf Ouadjaout ◽  
Nadjib Badache
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Detection ◽  
Testbed Experiments ◽  
Detection Strategies

An Improved Congestion Control Mechanism Based on Mobile Agent for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
Congestion Control Mechanism

An improved congestion control mechanism based on mobile agent for wireless sensor networks is proposed, which includes node-level congestion and link-level congestion control. The formers congestion information is collected and distributed by mobile agents (MA). When mobile agent travels through the networks, it can select a less-loaded neighbor node as its next hop and update the routing table according to the nodes congestion status. Minimum package of node outgoing traffic was preferentially transmitted in the link-level congestion. Simulation result shows that proposed mechanism attains high delivery ratio and throughput with reduced delay when compared with the existing technique.

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