scholarly journals Mycoplasma pathogenicity for humans and animals: an effort of complete genome sequencing and gene family analysis of Mycoplasma synoviae

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385
Author(s):  
Xu Jing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Mycoplasma Iowae

Like humans, chickens can become sick from bacterial infections. Mycoplasma is a very small, slow-growing bacterium. There are multiple types of Mycoplasma that affect different animals, humans, and even plants and insects. In the current study, the whole genome of Mycoplasma synoviae was sequenced through the joint sequencing method of the third-generation PacBio and second-generation Illumina of the high-throughput sequencing platform, and the complete genome map of the Mycoplasma synoviae was successfully obtained. SMRT sequencing and assembly of whole genome: Canu v1.5/ WTDBG v2.2 software was used for preliminary assembly of filtered subreads. Pilon V1.22 software was used to further correct the assembled genome with high-quality second-generation data, and the genome with higher accuracy was finally obtained. Sequencing results showed that the Mycoplasma was composed of a 0.83Mb chromosome with a G+C percentage of 28.42%. Bioinformatics was used to predict the encoding protein genes, and it was found that Mycoplasma synoviae genome encoded a total of 1415 ORF open reading frames, including 1.73% of the repeats, 7 ribosomal RNAs, 34 transport RNAs, 4 non-coding RNAs and 12 pseudogenes. Mycoplasma synoviae genomes also contain 2 CRISPR, 1 gene island and 2 prophages. Using multiple strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma iowae and Mycoplasma anatis as reference genomes, we constructed phylogenetic trees of 12 species of Mycoplasma. The genetic and taxonomic status of Mycoplasma synoviae strains were evaluated. The results showed that the sequencing strains of Mycoplasma synoviae and the model strain Mycoplasma synoviae WVU1853 were closely clustered together, suggesting the genetic relationship was relatively close and the sequencing strains were relatively conservative, and represent that they share the same genetic origin.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Species of Stable Defined Moderately Diverse Mouse Microbiota 2: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Uchimura ◽  
Madeleine Wyss ◽  
Sandrine Brugiroux ◽  
Julien P. Limenitakis ◽  
Bärbel Stecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Pacbio Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Germ Free

We report here the complete genome sequences of 12 bacterial species of stable defined moderately diverse mouse microbiota 2 (sDMDMm2) used to colonize germ-free mice with defined microbes. Whole-genome sequencing of these species was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform yielding circularized genome sequences of all 12 species.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of GII.9 Norovirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
Danlei Liu ◽  
Zilei Zhang ◽  
Peng Tian ◽  
Qingping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Viral Sequence ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract Norovirus is recognized as one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. Genotype GII.9 was first detected in Norfolk, USA in 1997. However, the complete genome sequence of this genotype was not established yet. In this study, a complete genome sequence of a GII.9[P7] norovirus, marked as SCD1878, from a patient was established using a high-throughput sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. The complete genome sequence of SCD1878_GII.9P7 was 7544 nucleotides (nts) in length with a 3’ poly (A) tail, including three open reading frames. Homology analysis indicated that SCD1878_GII.9P7 shares 92.1%-92.3% identity with GII.P7 (AB258331 and AB039777) and 96.7%-97.4% identity with GII.9 (AY038599 and DQ379715) sequences. The results suggested that SCD1878 is a member of GII.P7 for P genotypes and GII.9 for genotypes. The viral sequence filled the gap in the whole genome level of the GII.9 genotype.

The identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Yueqi ◽  
Zhou Ying ◽  
Lu Jing ◽  
Guo Hongxiong ◽  
Chen Jianshuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Full Length Genome ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC are the two major HIV-1 virus strains circulating in China. The proportion of dominant subtypes (CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC) among MSM in Jiangsu province was over 80%. A large number of URFs have been found in China in recently years. Objective: This study aimed to report on novel HIV-1 recombinants. Method: We constructed Phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood (ML) method with 1000 bootstrap replicates in IQ-TREE 1.6.8 software and determined recombination break points using SimPlot 3.5.1. Results: We identified a novel, second-generation HIV-1 recombinant (JS020202) between CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. The analysis of near full-length genome (NFLG) showed there were at least 8 breakpoints inner virus, which differed from any previously identified CRF and URF around the world. Conclusion: Novel diverse CRF01_AE/07_BC suggested the complexity trends of HIV-1 genetics. The emergency situation of diverse recombinant strains should be monitored continuously.

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

scholarly journals High-precision and cost-efficient sequencing for real-time COVID-19 surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Yong Park ◽  
Gina Faraci ◽  
Pamela M. Ward ◽  
Jane F. Emerson ◽  
Ha Youn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
High Precision ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractCOVID-19 global cases have climbed to more than 33 million, with over a million total deaths, as of September, 2020. Real-time massive SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is key to tracking chains of transmission and estimating the origin of disease outbreaks. Yet no methods have simultaneously achieved high precision, simple workflow, and low cost. We developed a high-precision, cost-efficient SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing platform for COVID-19 genomic surveillance, CorvGenSurv (Coronavirus Genomic Surveillance). CorvGenSurv directly amplified viral RNA from COVID-19 patients’ Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab specimens and sequenced the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome in three segments by long-read, high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing of the whole genome in three segments significantly reduced sequencing data waste, thereby preventing dropouts in genome coverage. We validated the precision of our pipeline by both control genomic RNA sequencing and Sanger sequencing. We produced near full-length whole genome sequences from individuals who were COVID-19 test positive during April to June 2020 in Los Angeles County, California, USA. These sequences were highly diverse in the G clade with nine novel amino acid mutations including NSP12-M755I and ORF8-V117F. With its readily adaptable design, CorvGenSurv grants wide access to genomic surveillance, permitting immediate public health response to sudden threats.

scholarly journals Estimating sequencing error rates using families

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Paskov ◽  
Jae-Yoon Jung ◽  
Brianna Chrisman ◽  
Nate T. Stockham ◽  
Peter Washington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Variant Calling ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Sequencing Error ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Whole Exome

Abstract Background As next-generation sequencing technologies make their way into the clinic, knowledge of their error rates is essential if they are to be used to guide patient care. However, sequencing platforms and variant-calling pipelines are continuously evolving, making it difficult to accurately quantify error rates for the particular combination of assay and software parameters used on each sample. Family data provide a unique opportunity for estimating sequencing error rates since it allows us to observe a fraction of sequencing errors as Mendelian errors in the family, which we can then use to produce genome-wide error estimates for each sample. Results We introduce a method that uses Mendelian errors in sequencing data to make highly granular per-sample estimates of precision and recall for any set of variant calls, regardless of sequencing platform or calling methodology. We validate the accuracy of our estimates using monozygotic twins, and we use a set of monozygotic quadruplets to show that our predictions closely match the consensus method. We demonstrate our method’s versatility by estimating sequencing error rates for whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and microarray datasets, and we highlight its sensitivity by quantifying performance increases between different versions of the GATK variant-calling pipeline. We then use our method to demonstrate that: 1) Sequencing error rates between samples in the same dataset can vary by over an order of magnitude. 2) Variant calling performance decreases substantially in low-complexity regions of the genome. 3) Variant calling performance in whole exome sequencing data decreases with distance from the nearest target region. 4) Variant calls from lymphoblastoid cell lines can be as accurate as those from whole blood. 5) Whole-genome sequencing can attain microarray-level precision and recall at disease-associated SNV sites. Conclusion Genotype datasets from families are powerful resources that can be used to make fine-grained estimates of sequencing error for any sequencing platform and variant-calling methodology.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter skirrowii Type Strain LMG 6621

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Miller ◽  
Emma Yee
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Veterinary Importance

Arcobacter skirrowii is a species of veterinary importance, originally recovered from the feces, aborted fetuses, and preputial fluids of livestock. We present here the whole-genome sequence of the A. skirrowii type strain LMG 6621 (= 449/80T = CCUG 10374T), isolated in the United Kingdom from a lamb diarrheal fecal sample.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica Strain BM-Y, Isolated from the Pancreas of a Zebra in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Lingwei Zhu ◽  
Fuyou Hua ◽  
Xue Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
First Time

Here, a complete genome sequence of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica strain BM-Y is presented. The whole genome is 2.18-Mb and contains a bla VEB-1 gene cassette which endows it with resistance to ceftazidime, ampicillin, tetracycline, etc. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) type W. chitiniclastica strain has been found.

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