scholarly journals Household risk factors associated to infestation of Triatoma dimidiata, the Chagas disease vector in Central Region of Veracruz, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A Sandoval-Ruiz ◽  
Roger Guevara ◽  
Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The State ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Light Weight Aggregate

 Objective. To evaluate risk factors facilitating the coloniza­tion of dwellings by Triatoma dimidiata in the central region of the state of Veracruz. Materials and methods. We applied socioeconomic questionnaires and entomologic surveys in three localities (Chavarrillo, Soyacuautla and Arroyo Agrio) in central Veracruz involving 115 households. Results. We found that the main risk factors were the predominance of unplastered walls and particularly those made of light weight aggregate concrete blocks and wood. At Chavarrillo, houses usually have unplastered walls, whereas in Soyocuautla walls are commonly manufactured with wood. In Arroyo Agrio, the phenomenon was seasonal, and bugs were commonly found in the dry season, particularly in relatively new houses, less than 20 years old. Conclusions. These results help to improve the surveillance capacity for this vector and the control strategies to reduce the transmission of Chagas disease in the state of Veracruz and other sites where this species is present.

scholarly journals Risk factors for intradomiciliary infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiatain Jutiapa, Guatemala

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S83-S92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Maria Bustamante ◽  
Carlota Monroy ◽  
Sandy Pineda ◽  
Antonieta Rodas ◽  
Xochitl Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Seventeen variables were evaluated as possible risk factors for the intradomiciliary infestation with Triatoma dimidiata in 644 houses in Jutiapa, Guatemala. During 2004 the houses were assessed for vector presence and evaluated for hygiene, cluttering, material comfort, construction conditions and number of inhabitants, among other factors. Chi-square analysis detected significant associations between vector presence and eight variables related to domestic sanitary and construction conditions. Log-linear models showed that regardless of the age of the house, the odds of vector presence were 4.3 and 10 times lower in houses with a good socioeconomic status compared with poor and very poor houses respectively. Log-linear models also pointed to a greater chance of vector presence when walls lacked plastering (3.85 times) or walls had low quality-incomplete plastering (4.56 times), compared with walls that were completely plastered. Control strategies against T. dimidiata should include the introduction of better-quality but inexpensive plastering formulations and better sanitation practices should also be promoted among the population. Such control strategies should not only reduce or eliminate infestation, but also prevent vector reinfestation.

scholarly journals Adherencia al tratamiento terapéutico en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas del Estado de Morelos.

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Arce-Vega ◽  
Angélica Ángeles-Llerenas ◽  
Alejandro Villegas-Trejo ◽  
Celso Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
School Level ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adherence Assessment ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Introduction.  Chagas disease is endemic in the state of Morelos. The available medication is benznidazole, however adherence to treatment is generally not monitored by medical personnel to verify the accomplishment.Objective. To evaluate the adherence to therapeutic treatment and the risk factors associated with its compliance and the registry of adverse effects in patients with Chagas disease in the state of Morelos.Material and Methods. Follow-up study in 20 chronic asymptomatic patients. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky-Green structured test, a questionnaire was applied to record the risk factors related to adherence to treatment, home visits were made to the cases, and personalized interviews were conducted in 8 cases to obtain information on positive and negative factors associated with treatment.Results. Sixty five percent of patients were adherent to treatment and 35% were non-adherent due to non-compliance behaviors. Seven cases (35%) had some type of adverse reaction to the drug that did not warrant treatment discontinuation, except for two cases that had severe reactions. Statistical analysis of the variables in adherent and non-adherent cases showed no statistical association between adherence and variables of socioeconomic level, school level, access to medical service, marital status, age and sex.Conclusions.  Adherence assessment in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Chagas' disease in the state of Morelos provided information to follow up on treatment compliance and record of adverse effects. Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es endémica en el estado de Morelos.  El medicamento disponible es el benznidazol, sin embargo generalmente la adherencia al tratamiento no es vigilado por el personal médico para verificar su cumplimiento.Objetivo. Evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento terapéutico y los factores de riesgo asociados con su cumplimiento y el registro de efectos adversos en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas del estado de Morelos.Material y Métodos. Estudio de seguimiento en 20 pacientes asintomáticos. La adherencia se evaluó mediante la aplicación del cuestionario estructurado de Morisky-Green, se aplicó un cuestionario para registrar los factores de riesgo relacionados con el apego al tratamiento, se hicieron visitas domiciliarias y se hicieron entrevistas personalizadas a 8 casos para obtener información sobre factores positivos y negativos asociados al tratamiento.Resultados. El 65% de los pacientes fueron adherentes al tratamiento y 35% fueron no adherentes debido a conductas de incumplimiento. Siete casos (35%) presentaron algún tipo de reacción adversa al medicamento que no ameritó la suspensión del tratamiento, excepto dos casos que tuvieron reacciones severas. El análisis estadístico de las variables en los casos adherentes y no adherentes no mostró asociación estadística entre la adherencia y las variables de nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad, acceso al servico médico, estado civil, edad y sexo. Conclusiones. La evaluacion de la adherencia en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de enfermedad de Chagas del estado de Morelos, aportó información para dar seguimiento al cumplimiento del tratamiento y registrar los efectos adversos. 

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽  
Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

Rabies Ecology in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir ◽  
Yakubu Joel Atuman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Implication ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Dog Owners

Despite availability of safer and cost-effective treatments and vaccines, rabies is still considered among the most fatal viral zoonotic disease worldwide. The epidemiology of rabies is directly associated with the ecology of the reservoirs which needs better understanding to underpin appropriate control measures. There are only few reported attempts made towards understanding the ecology of dog and rabies cases in Nigeria. Although dogs are tolerated and kept in Bauchi State, the risk factors associated with dog ownership in the state, remain to be studied. This study is aimed at determining the risk factors associated with dog ownership in Bauchi state and to evaluate the degree with which the presence or absence of the identified factors can increase or decrease risk of rabies cases in the state. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst dog owners across the state. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of rabies occurrence in households across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors where P-value was set at 0.05. A total of 80 questionnaires were completed and received from the respondents. The calculated RR, revealed that the practice of extensive system of management increases the risk of canine rabies amongst dogs of the state by 80% and knowledge of dog owners about canine rabies reduces the risk of canine rabies by 27%. This study confirmed that dogs are owned and tolerated but poorly managed under extensive management system in Bauchi state with increasing risks of rabies spread due to low vaccination coverage and lack of practical application of knowledge on the dangers of rabies amongst the populace. The public health implication of this situation and the need for concerted efforts for sustainable control of rabies in the state is discussed

scholarly journals Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel A.M. Rossi ◽  
Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽  
Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽  
Emílio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽  
Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raizza Barros Sousa Silva ◽  
Maurina Lima Porto ◽  
Werona de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Heitor Cândido de Souza ◽  
Nedja Fernanda dos Santos Pinto Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
The State ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Factors Associated

Prevalence and risk factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in ovine in the State of Alagoas, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Wilton Pinheiro ◽  
Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ◽  
Andréa Alice da Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Bento Faria ◽  
Luis Fernando Pita Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The State ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Risk factors for domestic infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata in Chiquimula, Guatemala

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. I. Weeks ◽  
C. Cordón-Rosales ◽  
C. Davies ◽  
S. Gezan ◽  
M. Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Level ◽  
House Infestation

AbstractIn Guatemala prior to control initiatives, the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, were Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata. This study conducted in 2006 in the department of Chiquimula recorded a high level of T. dimidiata infestation and an absence of R. prolixus in all surveyed communities. In Guatemala, the presence of T. dimidiata as domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic populations results in control difficulties as houses are re-infested from the surrounding environment. Entomological surveys, the current method used to select houses in need of control efforts, are labour intensive and time consuming. A time- and cost-effective way to prioritize houses for evaluation and subsequent treatment is the stratification of houses based on the risk of triatomine infestation. In the present study, 17 anthropogenic risk factors were evaluated for associations with house infestation of T. dimidiata including: wall, floor and roof type. There was an increased likelihood of domestic infestation with T. dimidiata associated with the presence of dirt floors (18/29; OR 8.075, 95% CI 2.13–30.6), uncoated bajareque walls (12/17; OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.35–17.1) and triatomine-like faeces on walls (16/26; OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.19–12.7). These factors could be used to target control of T. dimidiata to communities with an increased risk of being infested.

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