scholarly journals Cartographies on COVID-19 and functional divisions of the territory: an analysis on the evolution of the pandemic based on Basic Health Areas (BHA) in Castile and Leon (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Andrés López ◽  
Daniel Herrero Luque ◽  
Marta Martínez Arnaiz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
The Face

In the face of the confusion and uncertainty that COVID-19 has caused over the last year, Geography has proven to be a useful aid in the interpretation of the spatial dynamics that explain the transmission of the virus. Applied cartography and GIS analysis of epidemiological data have been consolidated as essential tools for interpreting the health crisis. This paper explores the usefulness of maps for the study of the evolution of the pandemic in Castile and Leon, one of the Spanish regions with the highest levels of infection and mortality. Based on the statistical variables of sick and dead people at the scale of the Basic Health Area (BHA), a first analytical approach is carried out by means of a sequence of dynamic maps during the first wave. Afterwards, a systematic study is carried out using thematic mapping for the period of the three waves, a period between March 2020 and March 2021. The analysis unravels the differential impact of the disease between rural and urban areas and reveals the problems of the mismatch between the functional divisions of the territory (BHA, as units of health analysis) and the scale of administrative management (municipalities, as the effective scale of action).

scholarly journals Analysis of the gap in enterprise access to renewable energy between rural and urban areas in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Mathieu Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo ◽  
Guy Christol Ekane Ekome ◽  
Fanny Kabwe Omoyi epse Essomme
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Electricity Grids ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rural Enterprises

Permanent access to energy is an essential pillar of economic development. However, there is a growing evidence that contemporary energy systems are not able to provide energy to the entire population on a sustainable basis and at affordable prices. In the face of these challenges, renewable energy can play an important role, especially in rural areas where access to centralized electricity grids is difficult. This paper aims to examine the access gaps of enterprises to renewable energy between rural and urban areas in Cameroon. The analysis is based on a sample of 209,482 enterprises, taken from the Second General Census of Enterprises in Cameroon (RGE-2) carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The econometric estimations, obtained using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, reveal that access rate to renewable energy for firms in rural areas is lower than that of firms located in urban areas. An increase in the level of education of the promoter of an enterprise, obtaining credit from banks, microfinance and savings, and the formalization of enterprises in rural areas can also contribute to reducing the gap in rural areas in terms of accessing to renewable energy. The discrimination suffered by rural enterprises related to the gender of entrepreneurs, the sector of activity, the business environment and professional experience tend to increase this gap. To reduce this gap, there is a need to promote access to finance for rural enterprises and their migration from the informal to the formal sector.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of the Prevalence of Neurocysticercosis in the Municipality of Piedade, São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
José Augusto Camargo ◽  
Reinaldo José Gianini
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Main Clinical Manifestation

Background: Neurocysticercosis is a globally occurring parasitosis that affects the central nervous system. The main clinical manifestation is seizures.The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of patients with seizures attending the Emergency Unit of the Piedade municipality, SP, with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, and to compare the association of its prevalence with age, basic sanitation and food hygiene habits between rural and urban areas. Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients with seizures were evaluated. The Epidemiological data of all subjects will be described. Results: The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was confirmed in 24 patients, corresponding to a prevalence of 17.65%. The presence of an open sewer predominated in the rural area, while the consumption of unwashed fruits, presence of elderly people and geographic distribution were similar in the two areas. Conclusions: Urgent measures to raise awareness about the disease and preventive actions should be taken by world authorities.

scholarly journals Looking for a Specificity of Rural Youth. The Polish Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-56
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szafraniec
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Face

Abstract In social consciousness a view is embedded that our rural and agrarian areas are our weakness which limits our development potential and social change. Whatever the reasons (mostly historical) for this view, the divide into rural and urban areas, Poland A and Poland B, is frequently referred to and just as frequently exaggerated, supporting thus various stereotypes and prejudices.1 Do they also concern the young generation? Rural areas in Poland are subject to dynamic transformation. The image of rural areas and its reception across society is changing positively. The favourable balance between migration and a growing interest among young people in the countryside as a future place of residence can be used as an example. However, this does not mean that the problem of rural areas and regional differences in Poland has been resolved. Neither do the changes happen as rapidly as could have been expected, nor do they happen in parallel in terms of geography and social structure. Not all of them are positive. The large number of small farms (although land concentration was expected in agriculture) is disturbing. The succession to economically weak farmsteads (which shows that in the face of no employment and non-agricultural life prospects an economically non-viable farm seems - from an individual perspective - the best possible solution). This phenomenon gives rise to many questions. Here, we only want to discuss the questions concerning the young generation - whether their aspirations and life goals, educational decisions, places of residence can be conducive to change (inside and outside rural areas) or rather impede them?

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document