Isotope-Geochemical Features of Apoultrabasic Metasomatites of the Sayan–Baikal Folded Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1035
Author(s):  
M.V. Rampilova ◽  
G.S. Ripp ◽  
M.O. Rampilov ◽  
B.B. Damdinov ◽  
L.B. Damdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Siberian Craton ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Crustal Component ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures

Abstract —The paper is concerned with a geochemical study of apoultrabasic metasomatites of the Ospa–Kitoi, Parama, and Ust’-Kelyana ophiolite massifs located in the southern folded framing of the Siberian craton. The isotope (O, C, H, Sr, and Rb) systems of dunites, serpentinites, nephrites, listvenites, and talc–carbonate rocks are studied. The isotopic composition of oxygen in olivines from dunites is characterized by δ18O = 4.6–5.5‰. The δ18O values of serpentinites (4.67–7.35‰) point to the mantle genesis of fluids and might have been inherited from ultrabasic rocks. Nephrites are slightly enriched in heavy oxygen isotope (δ18O = 6.13–9.54‰). This indicates that their fluid phase was transported from serpentinites and captured a small portion of the crustal component. The widest variations in δ18O values, from 8.12 to 17.46‰, are observed in minerals from listvenites. Carbonates from these rocks show a highly heterogeneous isotopic composition of oxygen (δ18O = 12.9–18.8‰) and carbon δ13C = –2.8 to +2.8‰). These rocks formed with the contribution of metamorphogenic fluids. According to the isotopic composition of hydrogen, the examined serpentinites are divided into two groups: with δD values specific to “magmatic water” (δD = –73.50 to –85.00‰) and those typical of meteoric fluids (δD = –151.90 to –167.20‰). The listvenites are characterized by low Rb and high Sr contents. Their 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70702–0.70971) indicate the contribution of a crustal source. The study of fluid inclusions in minerals from listvenites has shown that the rocks formed under relatively low-temperature conditions. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and magnesite from listvenites of the Ospa–Kitoi massif are 184–290 ºC and 122–182 ºC, respectively. In the Parama massif, the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz is 130–170 ºC. The solutions that formed listvenites of the Ospa–Kitoi massif were slightly saline (TDS = 2.9–8.4 wt.% NaCl eq.), with NaCl and Na2CO3 being the main salt components.

scholarly journals Genesis of the Zhijiadi Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotope Data

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Suo-Fei Xiong ◽  
Shao-Yong Jiang ◽  
Hua-Liang Li ◽  
Qi-Zhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Magmatic System ◽  
Hydrothermal Deposit ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Late Stages

The Zhijiadi Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the central North China Craton. Fluid inclusions (FIs) studies indicate three types of FIs, including aqueous, aqueous-carbonic, and daughter mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions. The daughter minerals in FIs are mainly composed of marcasite, chalcopyrite, calcite, and dolomite. Microthermometric data show that the homogenization temperature and salinity of FIs decrease gradually from early to late stages. Homogenization temperatures from early to main to late stages span from 244 to 334°C, from 164 to 298°C, and from 111 to 174°C, respectively, while their salinities are 4.0–9.9 wt.% NaCl equiv., 0.5–12.7 wt.% NaCl equiv., and 0.2–8.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. Trapping pressures drop from 203–299 MPa (the early stage) to 32–158 MPa (the main stage). The dropping of pressure and temperature and mixing and/or dilution of ore-forming fluids result in the formation of ore deposit. Combined with C-O-S-Pb isotopic compositions, the initial ore-forming fluids and materials were likely derived from a magmatic system. As a whole, we proposed that this deposit belongs to medium-low temperature hydrothermal deposit related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism strictly controlled by the fault zones.

Fluid Inclusion and Mineralization Epochs Studies of Luziyuan Pb-Zn Deposit in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Bin Cang ◽  
Ming Guo Deng ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Mineralization ◽  
Distribution Mode

In the thesis, we studied fluid inclusions in minerals and mineralization epochs of Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposits in eastern of Zhenkang Yunnan province. 240 available data have been obtined by observing characteristics of fluid inclusions in sphalerite, quartz, fluorite, calcite under microscope and selecting 284 primary inclusions and secondary inclusions thermometry. Various mineralization epochs homogenization temperature, freezing temperatures, salinity frequency histogram showed a bimodal distribution mode. The fluid inclusions in sphalerite have a greatly important,it is ore-forming fluids. Its homogenization temperature distributed in 240 to 270°C (medium temperature) and 187 to 220°C (low temperature) within the range of two, (W NaCl) salinity is 5.0% to 10.6%. According to the homogenization temperature and salinity, it can be deduced Luziyuan mineralization fluids density of 0.82 to 0.96 (gcm-3). Draw the deposits are mainly two hydrothermal mineralization, a hydrothermal in medium temperature, another period of low and medium temperature. The two ore-forming fluids are medium salinity and medium-density.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Polyhalite Ore-Formed Temperature from Late Middle Pleistocene Brine Temperature Research in Kunteyi Playa, Western China

Geofluids ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Wenxia Li ◽  
Weiliang Miao ◽  
Qiliang Tang ◽  
Yongshou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Western China ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Kunteyi Salt Lake (KSL), located in the northwest of the Qaidam Basin (QB), is rich in polyhalite resources. However, there is no relevant research on the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in nature, such as KSL. The homogenization temperature ( T h ) of salt mineral inclusions can directly reveal the form temperature of minerals. In view of the poor diagenesis of polyhalite in KSL, almost no polyhalite crystals are formed. Therefore, the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL is revealed by using the T h of fluid inclusions in halite associated with polyhalite as a substitute index. A total of 472 T h data from 34 halite samples and 34 maximum homogenization temperature ( T hMAX ) data ranged from 17.1°C to 35.5°C, among which 24 data were concentrated at 17-23°C and the average value is 22.1°C. Brine temperature of other salt lakes in QB and paleoclimate characteristics of the study area were combined. It suggests that the temperature conditions of polyhalite mineralization in the study area are generally low. However, under the overall low-temperature background, polyhalite seems to be easily enriched at relatively high temperature; for example, the content of polyhalite is generally high in the first relatively dry and hot salt-forming period, and the brine temperature at the peak stage of polyhalite at 45 m is relatively high, which indicates that the high temperature conditions promote the formation of polyhalite in KSL. As far as the overall relationship between temperature and polyhalite is concerned, polyhalite is deposited at both low temperature and relatively high temperature, which verifies the previous understanding that polyhalite is a mineral with wide temperature phase, and also shows that temperature has a limited effect on polyhalite formation under natural conditions. In addition, combined with the chemical composition of halite fluid inclusions, it is found that the concentration of Mg2+ in nature has an influence on the temperature measurement process. According to the previous experimental research, speculate that the actual temperature of ancient brine and ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL are lower than the measured T h . The confirmation of the influence of Mg2+ on temperature measurement is convenient for more accurate reconstruction of the metallogenic temperature of evaporite such as polyhalite. The research on the ore-formed temperature of KSL polyhalite enriches and perfects the polyhalite mineralization theory and provides theoretical basis for the basic and applied research of polyhalite.

scholarly journals Geochemical investigation of NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-FeCl2 solutions in Zechstein 2 salt, Suldrup Dome, Denmark. Microthermometry on fluid inclusions in halite

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Johannes Fabricius
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Geochemical Investigation

Large, irregular fluid inclusions with daughter bischofite, MgCl2 • 6H2O, in recrystallized halite from former brine pockets in grey Zechstein 2 rock salt from the Suldrup dome, Denmark, were studied by means of microthermometry. The test material consists of ca 3 kg cleavage pieces and a piece of core of extremely clean, colourles, limpid halite. Anhydrite and pyrrhotite are present as solid inclusions in trace amounts only. The irregular inclusions studied all contain daughter bischofite at room temperature. Optical, crystallographic, and chemical (melting) methods proved the daughter mineral to be bischofite. The mean dissolving temperature Tmhex = 56.5 ± 0.9°C, 95% confidence limit, of 117 measurements yields, from pertinent phase diagrams, a quantitative composition of the equilibrium solution: 114 mol MgCl2 + 1.2 mol K2Cl2 per 1000 mol H2O, saturated with NaCl (ca. 2 mol Na2Cl2 per 100 mol H2O). Exposed to the atmosphere, the equilibrium solution becomes orange yellowish after some days, thus proving the presence of FeCl2 (5-10 mol/1000 mol H2O). In one inclusion carnallite (KMgCl3 • 6H2O) was observed, the dissolving temperature Tmcar = 81.9°C of which is a minimum trapping temperature. The minimum trapping pressure is calculated at slightly higher than 65 MPa. The viscosity at 80°C is estimated at ca. 4 centipoise. Measurements of the homogenization temperature in fluid phase are meaningless due to the presence of compressed gas, possibly H2S. The following model is proposed concerning the formation of the studied halite: During the end of the diapiric penetration phase in Lower Cretaceous, a metamorphic lye mixed with concentrated sea water in NaCl facies in brine pockets within the grey Zechstein 2 rock salt, causing salting out of the studied halite. The metamorphic lye derived from a metamorphosed carnallitic potash zone. The carnallitic solution was mixed with an infiltrating rinneitic (3KC1 · NaCl · FeCl2) solution. The mixture was squeezed out from the potash zone during the diapiric penetration phase, leaving a trail of disseminated grains and fracture fillings of carnallite all the way up to the former brine pockets. The minerals bischofite and pyrrhotite, Fe1-xS, are reported from Denmark for the first time.

scholarly journals Ore-Forming Fluid Evolution of Shallow Polyhalite Deposits in the Kunteyi Playa in the North Qaidam Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Yuan ◽  
Fanwei Meng ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Jinchang Sheng ◽  
A. R. Galamay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
The North ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
North Qaidam ◽  
Oilfield Brines ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Evaporite Minerals ◽  
Saline Minerals

Polyhalite occurrence in the Kunteyi Playa in the Qaidam Basin has been known for many years. However, the genetic mechanism of this deposit remains unclear. In this study, a typical section in the playa depocenter is selected to study the polyhalite mineralogy combined with the homogenization temperature and composition of halite fluid inclusions in shallow evaporitic strata. The results show that 1) the main evaporite minerals in the strata are halite and polyhalite; no common gypsum is found; 2) analyses of homogenization temperatures of halite fluid inclusions indicate that a higher temperature is needed for polyhalite generation compared with other saline minerals; and 3) the fluid inclusion chemical analysis shows that they are sulfate-type minerals with a shortage of Ca. Thus, it can be concluded that the formation of polyhalite is not related to gypsum replacement, and deep oilfield brines may provide a Ca source and a higher temperature for polyhalite formation, where the mixing and interaction occurred between K- and Mg-enriched sulfate brines and deep Ca-enriched brines under the control of climate and tectonics in the study area. While most polyhalite was generated natively, some formed during secondary generation, which was potentially related to replacement with carnallites or sylvites.

scholarly journals Gangue mineral textures and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Santa Margarita Vein in the Guanajuato Mining District, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Moncada ◽  
Robert Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Continuous Mining ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Silver Mineralization

AbstractSuccessful exploration for mineral deposits requires tools that the explorationist can use to distinguish between targets with high potential for mineralization and those with lower economic potential. In this study, we describe a technique based on gangue mineral textures and fluid inclusion characteristics that has been applied to identify an area of high potential for gold-silver mineralization in the epithermal Ag-Au deposits at Guanajuato, Mexico. The Guanajuato mining district in Mexico is one of the largest silver producing districts in the world with continuous mining activity for nearly 500 years. Previous work conducted on the Veta Madre vein system that is located in the central part of this district identified favorable areas for further exploration in the deepest levels that have been developed and explored. The resulting exploration program discovered one of the richest gold-silver veins ever found in the district. This newly discovered vein that runs parallel to the Veta Madre was named the Santa Margarita vein. Selected mineralized samples from this vein contain up to 249 g/t of Au and up to 2,280 g/t Ag. Fluid inclusions in these samples show homogenization temperatures that range from 184 to 300°C and salinities ranging from 0 to 5 wt.% NaCl. Barren samples show the same range in homogenization temperature, but salinities range only up to 3 wt.% NaCl. Evidence of boiling was observed in most of the samples based on fluid inclusions and/or quartz and calcite textures. Liquid-rich inclusions with trapped illite are closely associated with high silver grades. The presence of assemblages of vapor-rich-only fluid inclusions, indicative of intense boiling or “flashing”, shows the best correlation with high gold grades.

scholarly journals Ore Genesis of Shanmen Ag Deposit in Siping Area of Southern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O, S, Pb Isotopes

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Ren ◽  
Cao ◽  
Hao ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Stage Stage

The Shanmen Ag deposit, located in the southeastern part of the Siping area, Jilin Province, is one of the large-scale Ag deposits in Northeastern (NE) China. Almost all Ag orebodies, Ag-bearing quartz-sulfide veins are strictly controlled by NE-trending faults or brittle fractures and are hosted in the Yanshanian monzonite and quartz diorite. In terms of deposit geology, three mineralization stages are recognized: the pyrite-quartz stage (I), the quartz-Ag-polymetallic sulfide stage (II), and the carbonate-quartz stage (III). The research results of the fluid inclusions in the different stages indicate that the early stage (Stage I) mainly contains three types of fluid inclusions: liquid-rich two-phase (L-type), vapor-rich two-phase (V-type), and CO2 aqueous multi-phase (C-type). The fluid belongs to a medium–high temperature and medium–low salinity H2O-NaCl-CO2 system and has boiling characteristics. The middle stage (Stage II) is mainly characterized by liquid-rich two-phase (L-type) and vapor-rich two-phase (V-type) inclusions, in which the mixing of fluids of different nature leads to the escape of CO2. Only liquid-rich two-phase (L-type) inclusions are distinguished in the late stage (Stage III). The fluids of two later stages belong to the medium-low-temperature and low-salinity H2O-NaCl system. Homogenization temperatures from the early to late stages range from 272.2 to 412.5 °C, 124.1 to 313.3 °C, and 128.6 to 224 °C, respectively. Fluid salinities in the early to late stages range from 1.6 to 12.1, 1.4 to 8.9, and 0.4 to 5.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The gradually decreasing trends of homogenization temperatures and salinities and the reduction in the CO2 content indicate that the release of CO2 and the low-temperature environment are important causes of the precipitation of Ag-bearing minerals. The δ18OH2O values of the ore-bearing quartz veins in the different stages range from −3.7 to +8.1‰, and the δD values of fluid inclusions in the quartz range from −113 to −103‰, indicating that the initial ore-forming fluid was mainly derived from magma and that the input of meteoric water gradually increased during the mineralization process. The δ34S values (ranging from −11.4‰ to +1.8‰) and Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.143–18.189, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.543–15.599, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.062–38.251) of sulfides suggest that the ore-forming materials have mixed mantle and crustal sources. Therefore, we propose that the release of CO2 and the low-temperature environment are important conditions for silver minerals precipitation, and the mixing of fluids of different nature is the dominant mechanism causing precipitation. The Shanmen Ag deposit can be classified as an intrusion-related medium–low temperature hydrothermal vein-type deposit.

scholarly journals Fluid inclusions in buried quartz of the Yanchang sandstone in the Jiyuan area, Ordos Basin, China: Implications for basin evolution and petroleum accumulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872097451
Author(s):  
Wenqi Jiang ◽  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
Li Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Vitrinite Reflection

A fluid inclusion petrographic and microthermometric study was performed on the sandstones gathered from the Yanchang Formation, Jiyuan area of the Ordos Basin. Four types of fluid inclusions in quartz can be recognized based on the location they entrapped. The petrographic characteristics indicate that fluid inclusions in quartz overgrowth and quartz fissuring-I were trapped earlier than that in quartz fissuring-IIa and fissuring-IIb. The homogenization temperature values of the earlier fluid inclusions aggregate around 80 to 90°C; exclusively, it is slightly higher in Chang 6 member, which approaches 95°C. The later fluid inclusions demonstrate high homogenization temperatures, which range from 100 to 115°C, and the temperatures are slightly higher in Chang 9 member. The calculated salinities show differences between each member, including their regression characteristics with burial depth. Combining with the vitrinite reflection data, the sequence and parameters of fluid inclusions indicate that the thermal history of the Yanchang formation mostly relied on burial. Salinity changes were associated with fluid-rock interaction or fluid interruption. Hydrocarbon contained fluid inclusions imply that hydrocarbon generation and migration occurred in the Early Cretaceous. The occurrence of late fluid inclusions implied that quartz cement is a reservoir porosity-loose factor.

scholarly journals Tungsten Ores of the Dzhida W-Mo Ore Field (Southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia): Mineral Composition and Physical-Chemical Conditions of Formation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Damdinova ◽  
Bulat B. Damdinov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
True Temperature ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Conditions

This article discusses the peculiarities of mineral composition and a fluid inclusions (FIs further in the text) study of the Kholtoson W and Inkur W deposits located within the Dzhida W-Mo ore field (Southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia). The Mo mineralization spatially coincides with the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomaisky deposit), and the W mineralization forms numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) and the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The ore mineral composition is similar at both deposits. Quartz is the main gangue mineral; there are also present muscovite, K-feldspar, and carbonates. The main ore mineral of both deposits is hubnerite. In addition to hubnerite, at both deposits, more than 20 mineral species were identified; they include sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), and tellurides (hessite). The results of mineralogical and fluid inclusions studies allowed us to conclude that the Inkur W and the Kholtoson W deposits were formed by the same hydrothermal fluids, related to the same ore-forming system. For both deposits, the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures varied within the range ~195–344 °C. The presence of cogenetic liquid- and vapor-dominated inclusions in the quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allowed us to estimate the true temperature range of mineral formation as 413–350 °C. Ore deposition occurred under similar physical-chemical conditions, differing only in pressures of mineral formation. The main factors of hubnerite deposition from hydrothermal fluids were decreases in temperature.

Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktay Canbaz ◽  
Ahmet Gökce
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Native Gold ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Opaque Minerals

AbstractThe Çöpler gold deposit occurs within the stockwork of quartz hosted by the Çöpler granitoid (Eosen) and by surrounding metasediments of Keban metamorphic (Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic) and the Munzur limestones (Late Carboniferous - Early Cretaceous).Native gold accompanied by small amounts of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, maghemite, hematite, fahlerz, marcasite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, specular hematite, goethite, lepidochrosite and bravoitic pyrite within the stockwork ore veinlets. In addition, epidote (pistazite - zoisite), garnet, scapolite, chlorite, tremolite/actinolite, muscovite and opaque minerals were determined within the veinlets occurred in skarn zones.The study of fluid inclusions in quartz veinlets showed that the hydrothermal fluids contain CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl and the salinities of the two phases (L+V) inclusions range from 1.7 to 20.6% NaCl equivalent. Salinity values up to 44% were determined within the halite bearing three phases inclusions. Their homogenization temperature values have a wide range from 145.0 to 380.0°C, indicative of catathermal/hypothermal to epithermal conditions. The δ 18O and δD values of the fluid inclusion waters from the Çöpler granitoid correspond to those assigned to Primary Magmatic Water, those from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics fall outside of the Primary Magmatic and are within the Metamorphic Water field. A sample from a quartz vein within the skarn zone hosted by the Munzur limestones has a particularly low δD value.The results suggest that fluids derived from the granitoids were mixed with those derived from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics and the the Munzur limestones and resulting in quartz veinlets in these lithologies and the formation of stockwork ores. In view of the occurrence, the features described and processes envisaged for this study area may be applicable in similar settings.

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