scholarly journals Geophysical Exploration of a Historical Stamp Mill Dump for the Volume Estimation of Valuable Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Tina Martin ◽  
Kerstin Kuhn ◽  
Thomas Günther ◽  
Rudolf Kniess
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Clayey Silt

We present an approach for the estimation of ore processing residue volumes in historical mine waste dumps by the use of different geophysical methods in combination with mineralogical investigations. The stamp mill dump in the Harz mountains, Germany was examined with the methods electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and spectral induced polarization (SIP) flanked by mineralogical studies at many drilling points. The mineralogical results were used to calibrate the geophysical results and to distinguish between valuable and non-valuable waste material. With SIP we investigated individual profiles and took lab samples. These lab results emphasize the differences between the fine-grained tailings of clayey silt to silty sand in the top layer and the sandy tailings underneath in both resistivity and phase. From the GPR results we can distinguish between different layers and various backfillings in the first two meters due to the much higher resolution than the other methods. From ERT we achieved an overview about the dimension and inner structure of the dump and the boundary between the sandy residual material and the host rock. To estimate the volume of the residual body we carried out 2D inversion of all ERT profiles followed interpolation between the inverted profiles. From the drilling interpretation, the SIP lab results and the ERT field measurements we defined a resistivity threshold of 350 ohm-m for the ore processing residues to achieve a 3-dimensional body of the dump. The volume of this body was then corrected by a factor due to consideration of uncertainties, e.g., forest areas, inaccessible dump sections, small-scale anomalies (geological or different anthropogenic nature) and inversion coverage. As a result, we were able to calculate the volume of the ore processing residues which can be used further for the determination of the economic potential (remaining metal content).

Analysis of mine waste by geocheimical and geophysical methods (a case study of the mine tailing dump of the Salair ore-processing plant)

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Epov ◽  
N.V. Yurkevich ◽  
S.B. Bortnikova ◽  
Yu.G. Karin ◽  
O.P. Saeva
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Mine Tailing ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Tailing Dump ◽  
Ore Processing

scholarly journals Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterisation of Historic Zn–Pb Mine Waste, Plombières, East Belgium

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Srećko Bevandić ◽  
Rosie Blannin ◽  
Jacqueline Vander Auwera ◽  
Nicolas Delmelle ◽  
David Caterina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Applications

Mine wastes and tailings derived from historical processing may contain significant contents of valuable metals due to processing being less efficient in the past. The Plombières tailings pond in eastern Belgium was selected as a case study to determine mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the different mine waste materials found at the site. Four types of material were classified: soil, metallurgical waste, brown tailings and yellow tailings. The distribution of the mine wastes was investigated with drill holes, pit-holes and geophysical methods. Samples of the materials were assessed with grain size analysis, and mineralogical and geochemical techniques. The mine wastes dominantly consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The cover material, comprising soil and metallurgical waste is highly heterogeneous in terms of mineralogy, geochemistry and grain size. The metallurgical waste has a high concentration of metals (Zn: 0.1 to 24 wt.% and Pb: 0.1 to 10.1 wt.%). In the tailings materials, Pb and Zn vary from 10 ppm to 8.5 wt.% and from 51 ppm to 4 wt.%, respectively. The mining wastes comprises mainly quartz, amorphous phases and phyllosilicates, with minor contents of Fe-oxide and Pb- and Zn-bearing minerals. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical properties, the different potential applications of the four waste material types were determined. Additionally, the theoretical economic potential of Pb and Zn in the mine wastes was estimated.

scholarly journals Computational Geometry-Based Surface Reconstruction for Volume Estimation: A Case Study on Magnitude-Frequency Relations for a LiDAR-Derived Rockfall Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Paul-Mark DiFrancesco ◽  
David A. Bonneau ◽  
D. Jean Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Computational Geometry ◽  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
3D Volume

Key to the quantification of rockfall hazard is an understanding of its magnitude-frequency behaviour. Remote sensing has allowed for the accurate observation of rockfall activity, with methods being developed for digitally assembling the monitored occurrences into a rockfall database. A prevalent challenge is the quantification of rockfall volume, whilst fully considering the 3D information stored in each of the extracted rockfall point clouds. Surface reconstruction is utilized to construct a 3D digital surface representation, allowing for an estimation of the volume of space that a point cloud occupies. Given various point cloud imperfections, it is difficult for methods to generate digital surface representations of rockfall with detailed geometry and correct topology. In this study, we tested four different computational geometry-based surface reconstruction methods on a database comprised of 3668 rockfalls. The database was derived from a 5-year LiDAR monitoring campaign of an active rock slope in interior British Columbia, Canada. Each method resulted in a different magnitude-frequency distribution of rockfall. The implications of 3D volume estimation were demonstrated utilizing surface mesh visualization, cumulative magnitude-frequency plots, power-law fitting, and projected annual frequencies of rockfall occurrence. The 3D volume estimation methods caused a notable shift in the magnitude-frequency relations, while the power-law scaling parameters remained relatively similar. We determined that the optimal 3D volume calculation approach is a hybrid methodology comprised of the Power Crust reconstruction and the Alpha Solid reconstruction. The Alpha Solid approach is to be used on small-scale point clouds, characterized with high curvatures relative to their sampling density, which challenge the Power Crust sampling assumptions.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Tailings from Itakpe Iron Ore Mine, Itakpe, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R.A. Adebimpe ◽  
A.O. Fatoye
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Iron Ore Mine ◽  
Waste Dumps

Knowledge of tailings characteristics is required for utilisation and management purposes in the mining and construction industry. Tailings from the mine waste dumps at Itakpe iron ore mine were collected and analysed in the laboratory to determine their chemical and physical characteristics and these include; permeability, porosity, specific gravity, particle size distribution, chemical composition and bioavailability factor of element. Geochemical speciation with quantitative X-ray powder diffraction was used to evaluate the chemical and mineral composition of Itakpe iron ore tailings. The aim is to offer base line data necessary to assess metal mobility and bioavailability. The distribution of heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Zn and Fe was determined using multi- step sequential extraction. The results obtained indicate that the permeability is 6.24 x 10-3 cm/sec; porosity is 35%; and specific gravity is 3.58. The tailings is well graded and is sand gravel. Nickel and Zinc was found to be considerably high in exchangeable and bound to carbonates fraction which are mobile region and is bound to Fe – Mn oxides which is slightly mobile region but the higher concentration of Ni found in residual fraction. The implication of this result is that Nickel and Zinc partially enter into the food chain. Chromium and Cadmium concentration result indicated that these metals can easily enter into the food chain because of their presence in the mobile region and their higher mobility percentage.

scholarly journals Improvement of density models of geological structures by fusion of gravity data and cosmic muon radiographies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jourde ◽  
D. Gibert ◽  
J. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Density Structure ◽  
Spatial Filters ◽  
Muon Tomography ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Integration Formulas ◽  
Muon Radiography ◽  
Gravity Measurements

Abstract. This paper examines how the resolution of small-scale geological density models is improved through the fusion of information provided by gravity measurements and density muon radiographies. Muon radiography aims at determining the density of geological bodies by measuring their screening effect on the natural flux of cosmic muons. Muon radiography essentially works like medical X-ray scan and integrates density information along elongated narrow conical volumes. Gravity measurements are linked to density by a 3-D integration encompassing the whole studied domain. We establish the mathematical expressions of these integration formulas – called acquisition kernels – and derive the resolving kernels that are spatial filters relating the true unknown density structure to the density distribution actually recovered from the available data. The resolving kernels approach allows to quantitatively describe the improvement of the resolution of the density models achieved by merging gravity data and muon radiographies. The method developed in this paper may be used to optimally design the geometry of the field measurements to perform in order to obtain a given spatial resolution pattern of the density model to construct. The resolving kernels derived in the joined muon/gravimetry case indicate that gravity data are almost useless to constrain the density structure in regions sampled by more than two muon tomography acquisitions. Interestingly the resolution in deeper regions not sampled by muon tomography is significantly improved by joining the two techniques. The method is illustrated with examples for La Soufrière of Guadeloupe volcano.

scholarly journals Clay Minerals Variations in Quaternary Sediments of Basrah City-Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Mohanad Hamid Al-Jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Marine Facies ◽  
Mixed Layers

Mineralogical and chemical analysis of two well cutting in quaternary sediments at Basrah city. This study have been focused on the quaternary clay minerals variations which give a clear indication to marine transgression and or / regression in Hammar formation. Kaolinite, Illite, Palygoreskite, Illite-Palygorestike mixed layer, Chlorite, Montmorillonite, Vermiculte, and mixed layers of Illite- Smectite are the most quantitatively important phyllosilicates in soil studies in both boreholes. The mineralogical composition of cutting sediments shows significant variability in the different size fractions and depth distribution. Chlorite and kaolinite minerals were increase in the fine grain size especially in the clayey silt, whereas montmoriolllinite and vermiculite minerals were increase in coarse grains especially in silty sand texture. Kaolinite decrease in abundance with depth, which give indicative of a transition from non-marine in quaternary recent sediment ( fresh or brackish water silt) to marine facies in quaternary Hammar formation ( marine shelly silt) during last transgression of quaternary. Palygoreskite mineral percentages increasing at depths 27 and 28 meter , after decreased at 30, 32, 35 , and 40 m respectively , which give data indication that early quaternary marine transgression happened in 32m , and center of quaternary marine transgression detected in 27 and 28 meters , while late marine transgression detected in 17 m , and all of these represent by Hammar formation. Soil ageing also caused to downward increase of montmorillonite suggest to climate became more arid during the early quaternary. Variations ratio of montmorillonite versus kaolinite can be indicated to climatic fluctuation. Illite-Semectite featured indicates changes in both sediment source and paleoclimate. Illite transformation for Illite-Palygoreskite mixed layers with ageing. Vermiculite has strong susceptibility to increase with age. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Fe₂O₃ were the major oxides that identified in present study and used as indicated of clay minerals in studied sediments.

Experiments on the stability and transition of wind-driven water surfaces

2001 ◽  
Vol 446 ◽  
pp. 25-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRICE VERON ◽  
W. KENDALL MELVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Current ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Langmuir Circulations ◽  
The Stability

We present the results of laboratory and field measurements on the stability of wind-driven water surfaces. The laboratory measurements show that when exposed to an increasing wind starting from rest, surface current and wave generation is accompanied by a variety of phenomena that occur over comparable space and time scales. Of particular interest is the generation of small-scale, streamwise vortices, or Langmuir circulations, the clear influence of the circulations on the structure of the growing wave field, and the subsequent transition to turbulence of the surface flow. Following recent work by Melville, Shear & Veron (1998) and Veron & Melville (1999b), we show that the waves that are initially generated by the wind are then strongly modulated by the Langmuir circulations that follow. Direct measurements of the modulated wave variables are qualitatively consistent with geometrical optics and wave action conservation, but quantitative comparison remains elusive. Within the range of parameters of the experiments, both the surface waves and the Langmuir circulations first appear at constant Reynolds numbers of 370 ± 10 and 530 ± 20, respectively, based on the surface velocity and the depth of the laminar shear layer. The onset of the Langmuir circulations leads to a significant increase in the heat transfer across the surface. The field measurements in a boat basin display the same phenomena that are observed in the laboratory. The implications of the measurements for air–sea fluxes, especially heat and gas transfer, and sea-surface temperature, are discussed.

Waste Volume Estimation Using Geophysical Methods In A Complex Geologic Setting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Thompson ◽  
Drew Clemens ◽  
Steve Miller ◽  
John Tesner ◽  
Wayne Mandell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Geologic Setting
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