Electrical Resistivity Dynamics Beneath the Weathered Mine Tailings in Response to Ambient Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Olenchenko ◽  
Polina S. Osipova ◽  
Nataliya V. Yurkevich ◽  
Svetlana B. Bortnikova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Daily Changes ◽  
Over Time

Ore mining and processing dumps are open and technogenic systems, which change intensively with time under the influence of environmental factors. Active transformations of such “technogenic deposits” are in close relationship with environmental factors. The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature and causes of the electrical resistivity (ER) changes in the mine tailings dump over time. The investigations were carried out by the method of electrotomography by determining the ER of the section to a depth of 1.5 m with an interval of one hour during the day with simultaneous recording of the substance temperature at a depth of 0.1 m. The maximum daily ER dynamics is observed over intensely transformed technogenic ores. ER is in a numerical relationship with the temperature of the solid matter by an exponential law with a certainty of 96%. A direct dependence of the ER daily changes amplitude on the cementation index m was revealed with the help of the Archie law. The primary material of the heap has a monodisperse composition and small values of m, so the amplitude of the ER dynamics is minimal. As a result of oxidative transformations, the solid matter of the dump becomes polydisperse, which is reflected in the cementation index and the amplitude of the ER daily oscillations increase.

scholarly journals Decreased heritability and emergence of novel genetic effects on pulse wave velocity from youth to young adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisong Huang ◽  
Shaoyong Su ◽  
Harold Snieder ◽  
Frank Treiber ◽  
Gaston Kapuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIncreased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important parameter in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Our previous longitudinal study has demonstrated that carotid-distal PWV showed reasonable stability throughout youth and young adulthood. This stability might be driven by genetic factors that are expressed consistently over time. We aimed to illustrate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the stability of carotid-distal PWV from youth to young adulthood. We also examined potential ethnic differences. For this purpose, carotid-distal PWV was measured twice in 497 European American (EA) and African American (AA) twins, with an average interval time of 3 years. Twin modelling on PWV showed that heritability decreased over time (62–35%), with the nonshared environmental influences becoming larger. There was no correlation between the nonshared environmental factors on PWV measured at visit 1 and visit 2, with the phenotypic tracking correlation (r = 0.32) completely explained by shared genetic factors over time. Novel genetic influences were identified accounting for a significant part of the variance (19%) at the second measurement occasion. There was no evidence for ethnic differences. In summary, novel genetic effects appear during development into young adulthood and account for a considerable part of the variation in PWV. Environmental influences become larger with age for PWV.

scholarly journals Enabling out-of-clinic human immunity studies via single-cell profiling of capillary blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Dobreva ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Jong Hwee Park ◽  
Matt Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAn individual’s immune system is driven by both genetic and environmental factors that vary over time. To better understand the temporal and inter-individual variability of gene expression within distinct immune cell types, we developed a platform that leverages multiplexed single-cell sequencing and out-of-clinic capillary blood extraction to enable simplified, cost-effective profiling of the human immune system across people and time at single-cell resolution. Using the platform, we detect widespread differences in cell type-specific gene expression between subjects that are stable over multiple days.SummaryIncreasing evidence implicates the immune system in an overwhelming number of diseases, and distinct cell types play specific roles in their pathogenesis.1,2 Studies of peripheral blood have uncovered a wealth of associations between gene expression, environmental factors, disease risk, and therapeutic efficacy.4 For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple mechanistic paths have been found that lead to disease, and gene expression of specific immune cell types can be used as a predictor of therapeutic non-response.12 Furthermore, vaccines, drugs, and chemotherapy have been shown to yield different efficacy based on time of administration, and such findings have been linked to the time-dependence of gene expression in downstream pathways.21,22,23 However, human immune studies of gene expression between individuals and across time remain limited to a few cell types or time points per subject, constraining our understanding of how networks of heterogeneous cells making up each individual’s immune system respond to adverse events and change over time.

2. Criminalizaton: historical, legal, and criminological perspectives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Lacey ◽  
Lucia Zedner
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Shifting Boundaries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the relationship between legal and criminological constructions of crime and explores how these have changed over time. The chapter sets out the conceptual framework of criminalization within which the two dominant constructions of crime—legal and criminological—are situated. It considers their respective contributions and the close relationship between criminal law and criminal justice. Using the framework of criminalization, the chapter considers the historical contingency of crime by examining its development over the past 300 hundred years. It analyses the normative building blocks of contemporary criminal law to explain how crime is constructed in England and Wales today and it explores some of the most important recent developments in formal criminalization in England and Wales, not least the shifting boundaries and striking expansion of criminal liability. Finally, it considers the valuable contributions made by criminology to understanding the scope of, and limits on, criminalization.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Predictors of Adolescent PTSD Symptom Trajectories Following a Natural Disaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheerin ◽  
Kovalchick ◽  
Overstreet ◽  
Rappaport ◽  
Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Rare Genetic Variation ◽  
Over Time

: Genes, environmental factors, and their interplay affect posttrauma symptoms. Although environmental predictors of the longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are documented, there remains a need to incorporate genetic risk into these models, especially in youth who are underrepresented in genetic studies. In an epidemiologic sample tornado-exposed adolescents (n = 707, 51% female, Mage = 14.54 years), trajectories of PTSD symptoms were examined at baseline and at 4-months and 12-months following baseline. This study aimed to determine if rare genetic variation in genes previously found in the sample to be related to PTSD diagnosis at baseline (MPHOSPH9, LGALS13, SLC2A2), environmental factors (disaster severity, social support), or their interplay were associated with symptom trajectories. A series of mixed effects models were conducted. Symptoms decreased over the three time points. Elevated tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms. Elevated recreational support was associated with lower baseline symptoms and attenuated improvement over time. Greater LGLAS13 variants attenuated symptom improvement over time. An interaction between MPHOSPH9 variants and tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms, but not change over time. Findings suggest the importance of rare genetic variation and environmental factors on the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms following natural disaster trauma exposure.

Analysis of relationships between symptoms and environmental factors over time

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Robertson ◽  
Michael D. Lebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals How Nonshared Environmental Factors Come to Correlate with Heredity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Beam ◽  
Patrizia Pezzoli ◽  
Jane Mendle ◽  
S. Alexandra Burt ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Over Time

Conventional longitudinal behavioral genetic models estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to stability and change of traits and behaviors. Longitudinal models rarely explain the processes that generate observed differences between genetically and socially related individuals. We propose that exchanges between people and their environments (i.e., phenotype-environment effects) can explain the emergence of observed differences over time. Such models, however, require violation of the independence assumption of standard behavioral genetic models, that is, uncorrelated genetic and environmental factors (Beam & Turkheimer, 2013; de Kort, Dolan, & Boomsma, 2012; Dolan, De Kort, Van Beijsterveldt, Bartels, & Boomsma, 2014). We review how specification of phenotype-environment effects contributes to understanding observed changes in genetic variability over time and longitudinal correlations among nonshared environmental factors. We then provide an example using 30 days of positive and negative affect scores from an all-female sample of twins. Results demonstrate that the phenotype-environment effects explain how heritability estimates fluctuate as well as how nonshared environmental factors persist over time. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying change in gene-environment correlation over time, the advantages and challenges of including gene-environment correlation in longitudinal twin models, and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals The influence of chemical environmental factors on functions and interrelationships of regulatory systems in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Lanin ◽  
T. M. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In children under aerotechnogenic impact of phenol, methanol and formaldehyde, these substances are identified in the blood in significantly higher concentrations than in the unexposed group. There was found the activation of the mechanisms of the innate immunity (phagocytic activity) and inhibition of markers of the acquired immunity (reduction of relative indices of the content of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and their subsets (CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes). Out of the markers of neuroendocrine regulation there was proved the significant decline of cortisol. Under the impact of anthropogenic chemical environmental factors there are occurred rearrangement and the transformation of interactions within the neuroendocrine and immune systems, as well as “early”, not manifested yet in the nature of specific nosological forms, but over time having the possibility to lead to the shaping of various pathology changes in the neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system.

scholarly journals Effects of daily changes in environmental factors on the abundance and richness of Odonata

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ânderson Fulan ◽  
Raoul Henry ◽  
Rosemary Cristina Souza Davanso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Daily Changes
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