scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the Valanginian? to Early Paleocene succession in central Saudi Arabia outcrops: Implications for regional Arabian sequence stratigraphy

GeoArabia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves-Michel Le Nindre ◽  
Denis Vaslet ◽  
Sami S. Maddah ◽  
Moujahed I. Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Aruma Formation ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Az Zabirah ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flooding Events

ABSTRACT On the basis of regional lithostratigraphic field mapping, and biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic interpretations, the definitions and ranks of the Late Valanginian? to Paleocene rock units that crop out in central Saudi Arabia were revised. The definition of the Late Valanginian? to Early Aptian Biyadh Sandstone is inconsistent with that of the same-named formation in subsurface Saudi Arabia. In outcrop, only the lower Dughum member of the Biyadh Sandstone corresponds to the subsurface Biyadh Sandstone. Accordingly, the Biyadh Sandstone at outcrop was redefined so as to correlate to the same-named subsurface formation; the term Dughum member is considered obsolete. Above the redefined Biyadh Sandstone, the Sallah Formation at outcrop (previously Sallah member of Biyadh Sandstone) yielded the Aptian and/or earliest Albian? ammonite Hypacanthoplites cf. milletianus d’Orbigny; it correlates (in part or completely) to the undifferentiated-Aptian Shu’aiba Formation in Abu Jifan field. The overlying Huraysan Formation (previously Huraysan member of Biyadh Sandstone) is assigned an Albian age based on its stratigraphic position above the Sallah Formation and below the Upper Albian and Cenomanian Majma Formation (previously Majma member of Wasia formation). The Huraysan Formation correlates by stratigraphic position and lithology to the Khafji and Safaniya members of the Wasia Formation in subsurface Saudi Arabia. The Majma Formation may correlate to the Mauddud, Wara and lower part of the Ahmadi members of the subsurface Wasia Formation in Saudi Arabia. The successively overlying Qibah and Malihah formations (previously Qibah and Malihah members of Wasia formation) complete the Cenomanian and Early Turonian succession below the pre-Aruma unconformity. These two formations may correlate to the upper part of the Ahmadi, Rumaila and Mishrif members of the subsurface Wasia Formation in Saudi Arabia. In central Saudi Arabia, the pre-Aruma unconformity is overlain by the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian Khanasir Member of the Aruma Formation. The Upper Maastrichtian Hajajah and Paleocene Lina members form the upper part of the Aruma Formation. In contrast, the subsurface Aruma Formation in Saudi Arabia may extend to the Coniacian Stage. The Biyadh Sandstone consists of coastal-plain clastics deposited during several transgressive-regressive sequences. It overlies the pre-Biyadh unconformity, which is represented by west-cutting regional erosion that reaches down to the Jurassic Dhruma and underlying Marrat formations. The overlying Sallah Formation represents a transgressive-regressive sequence deposited in lagoonal and tidal settings, and includes limestone beds with marine fauna. The overlying Huraysan Formation consists of fluvial, fining-upward clastics and is, together with older units, regionally eroded by the pre-Majma unconformity. The associated pre-Majma hiatus probably occurred in the Late Albian and is characterized by the Az Zabirah Bauxite, a deposit that reflects a pedogenic episode that occurred in tropical humid conditions. The fluvial and marginal marine clastics of the Majma Formation, and marine clastics and carbonates of the Qibah Formation, can together be characterized in terms of three flooding events. The Malihah Formation was deposited in mixed proximal settings (tidal to fluvio-deltaic) and exposed (paleosols with bauxite). It represents a regression associated with the eastward tilting of the Arabian Plate during Turonian tectonism along the Neo-Tethyan margin. Central Saudi Arabia remained exposed during the Late Turonian through Middle Campanian, during which times the pre-Aruma Bauxite formed. The Aruma Formation is characterized by four third-order sequences; one in the Khanasir Member, two in the Hajajah Member – all of Late Cretaceous age, and the Paleogene Lina sequence.

scholarly journals Significant new biostratigraphic horizons in the Qusaiba Member of the Silurian Qalibah Formation of central Saudi Arabia, and their sedimentologic expression in a sequence stratigraphic context

GeoArabia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miller Merrell ◽  
Melvin John
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stratigraphic Evolution

ABSTRACT Detailed analysis of over 1,000 subsurface Silurian palynology samples from 34 wells has allowed the development of a robust biostratigraphy based on acritarchs, chitinozoans and cryptospores for the Qusaiba Member of the Qalibah Formation, central Saudi Arabia. The new index fossils described herein augment the Arabian Plate Silurian chitinozoan zonation. The high-resolution biostratigraphic zonation consists of nine First Downhole Occurrences (FDOs) from the lower Telychian through Aeronian. In particular, three regionally recognizable palynologic horizons were identified within the lower part of the informally designated Mid-Qusaiba Sandstone (Angochitina hemeri Interval Zone), and above the FDO of Sphaerochitina solutidina. This high level of biostratigraphic resolution provides a framework for the integration of the sedimentology and calibration with global sea level curves, leading to a detailed understanding of the sequence stratigraphic evolution of this part of the Silurian in Saudi Arabia. Sedimentological core studies identify three Depositional Facies Associations (DFAs) within the Mid-Qusaiba Sandstone interval, including: (1) shelfal deposits (DFA-I) characterized by interbedded hummocky cross-stratified sandstones, graded siltstones and bioturbated mudstones; (2) turbiditic deposits (DFA-II); and (3) an association of heavily contorted and re-sedimented sandstones, siltstones and mudstones (DFA-III) that is considered representative of oversteepened slopes upon the Qusaiba shelf. Integration of the newly recognized palynostratigraphic horizons and the sedimentological data facilitates an understanding of the sequence stratigraphic evolution of the Mid-Qusaiba Sandstone interval and its immediate precursors. Thus a Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) is identified from significant palynostratigraphic, as well as sedimentological evidence, and concurs with the MFS identified regionally with the Monograptus convolutus Graptolite Zone. Several mud-prone cyclothems downlap onto the MFS. Each of these is identified by its own palynostratigraphic marker: these mud-prone cyclothems represent the distal parts of a Highstand Systems Tract (HST). The end of the HST is marked by evidence of a major, episodic drop in relative sea level. Thus, a relationship is identified wherein successive palynostratigraphic marker horizons, newly identified in this study, are partially eroded by the introduction of sandy turbidites (DFA-II). These turbidites arise from storm-induced erosion of gully complexes in the upper submarine slopes that are present as topography upon the Qusaiba shelf. Each of the successive drops in sea level is separated from the next by a minor, subsequent sea level rise, which precludes further submarine erosion and turbidite deposition, and is instead evident in the widespread occurrence of shallow marine (shelfal) muds and sandy tempestites (DFA-I). The lowstand per se is considered to be represented by the most widespread distribution of the DFA-II turbidite deposits, and is associated with the youngest Mid-Qusaiba Sandstone marker horizon identified in this study, namely Rugosphaera agglomerata n.sp. The youngest unit of DFA-II lowstand turbidites is limited in its occurrence to the more proximal parts of the study area, and thus is considered to represent the onset of the succeeding Transgressive Systems Tract (TST). Of the biostratigraphic indices used for correlation within the Qusaiba Member, Rugosphaera agglomerata and Eupoikilofusa curvata are formally described and two additional important species, Fractoricoronula n.sp. and ?Oppilatala n.sp., are retained in open nomenclature.

scholarly journals Early to mid-Cretaceous mixed carbonate-clastic shelfal systems: examples, issues and models from the Arabian Plate

GeoArabia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger B. Davies ◽  
David M. Casey ◽  
Andrew D. Horbury ◽  
Peter R. Sharland ◽  
Michael D. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Stratigraphic Model ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

ABSTRACT Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS) in the Early to mid-Cretaceous mixed carbonate-clastic shelfal systems of the Arabian Plate have been incorporated into a new sequence stratigraphic model that links Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, to Oman and Yemen. It is based on regional sequence stratigraphic concepts supported by biostratigraphic, sedimentological and mineralogical data. The model has amended the positions of some existing MFS. The diachronous interplay between large-scale, proximal clastic systems and outboard (down-systems-tract) carbonate platforms was emphasized by concentrating on the depositional history of prodelta areas during delta advance and retreat. The prodelta area of relatively deep water separating the depositional systems has been termed the ‘Migratory Carbonate Suppressed Belt’ (MCSB). The model proposes that platform limestones expanded back over preceding prodelta areas during transgressions. The most extensive transgressions ultimately led to the demise of MCSBs. The maximum landward retreat of the shoreline coincided with the cessation of clastic input in the most up-systems-tract localities. Thus, the model has predicted that in many places MFS are located in the basal parts of clean carbonates even though these are not the deepest-water sediments. Examples are the Zubair-Shu’aiba (K70 MFS) and the upper Burgan-Maddud (K100) sections of the northern Gulf. Where carbonate platforms did not expand completely across the MCSBs, perhaps because of fault-control, the MCSBs survived and MFS are present within deeper-water, prodelta shales deposited below the most efficient window for carbonate production. Examples are the K40 to K60 MFS in intraformational shales of the Zubair, Biyadh, and Qishn formations of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, and K100 in the Burgan-Wasia formations of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Even in these cases, the MFS are present within limestones deposited further down-systems-tract, notably in Iran (K60—Khalij Member, Gadvan Formation; K100—Dair Limestone Member, Burgan-Kazhdumi formations). Deeper-water dense limestones and shales with accompanying MFS were deposited along the northeastern passive margin of the Arabian Plate, or within intrashelf basins with some limited connection to the open ocean. From a regional perspective it can be seen that eustatic or tectonically forced MFS do not necessarily occur within the deepest-water facies. A regional understanding is needed for a more precise sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Early to mid-Cretaceous succession of the Arabian Plate. The identification of the stratigraphic architecture is of major economic importance at the reservoir scale, for instance in recognizing vertical permeability and transmissibility barriers, as well as at the regional-play fairway scale in the distribution of seals and their potential influence on migration pathways. Our interpretations are also relevant to the prediction of source-rock distributions and, in the longer term, may help identify stratigraphic trap potential related to the interplay between clastic and carbonate depositional systems. Although the model proposed relates to the Arabian Plate, general conclusions may be applicable to other regions where mixed carbonate-clastic systems are well developed, for example in many basins of Tertiary age in South East Asia.

Carbonate Diagenesis in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework; Case study from Miocene Dam Formation, Eastern Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaz Salih ◽  
Osman Abdullatif ◽  
Khalid Al-Ramadan ◽  
Mazin Bashri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Thin Section Petrography ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Analytical Tools

<p>The Miocene Dam Formation in the Al-Lidam area of Eastern Saudi Arabia consists of a succession </p><p>of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sequences that were deposited during Miocene (Burdigalian) </p><p>times. Stratigraphic equivalents of the Dam Formation occur as hydrocarbon reservoir intervals in </p><p>the Arabian Plate. Reservoir quality of carbonate rocks is controlled by a combination of </p><p>depositional setting and post-depositional diagenetic factors. </p><p>In this study, fifteen lithofacies were identified as they were deposited on a low angle dipping </p><p>carbonate ramp, under supratidal, beach, intertidal and shallow subtidal conditions. Carbonate </p><p>diagenesis has been examined using: thin-section petrography, SEM, XRD and </p><p>cathodoluminescence. These analytical tools have shown that the intertidal lithofacies are </p><p>influenced by extensive meteoric dissolution and minor cementation. Marine diagenesis was </p><p>restricted to beach grainstone and subtidal lithofacies, in the form of aragonite and high magnesium </p><p>calcite cement. Shallow burial conditions were inferred by grain contacts represented by point, </p><p>suture and concavo-convex contacts. Mimetic dolomitization for the whole succession was also </p><p>observed. Three fourth - order, shallowing upward sequences were identified in the study area, and </p><p>they are separated by two sequence boundaries. A clear relation between sequence surfaces and </p><p>diagenetic processes was observed; meteoric diagenesis and dolomitization increases upwards in </p><p>each sequence. Porosity and permeability measurements have shown that the highest values are </p><p>associated with the HST of each sequence, followed by the TST and the LST. The results of this </p><p>study can help in understanding of diagenetic processes, and consequently in developing better </p><p>and more accurate predictions of the porosity and permeability distribution within hydrocarbon </p><p>reservoirs.</p><p> </p>

Stratigraphic position and localities of the Temlyan flora from the Anadyr river lower course basin

Palaeobotany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 48-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Golovneva ◽  
A. A. Grabovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
City Area ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Systematic Composition ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Plant fossils from the volcano-clastic deposits of the lower part of the Tanyurer Formation and lower part of the Tavaivaam Unit in the Anadyr city area (Northeastrn Russia) are described for the first time. This assemblage was named as the Temlyan flora. It consists of 25 taxa and includes ferns, horsetails, lycophytes, ginkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans, cycadophytes, conifers and angiosperms. The Temlyan flora is similar in systematic composition to the Rarytkin flora from the upper part of the Rarytkin Formation which was dated as the late Maastrichtian-Danian. But it is distinguished from the latter by presence of the numerous relicts (Lokyma, Nilssonia, Encephalartopsis, Phoenicopsis and Ginkgo ex gr. sibirica). Probably the presence of relicts in the Temlyan flora is connected with influence of volcanic activity. Age of the Temlyan flora is determined as the late Maastrichtian-Danian on the basis of systematic similarity with the Rarytkin Flora. However this age may be slightly younger, possibly only early Paleocene, because the Tanyurer Formation superposes the Rarytkin Formation. Stratigraphic range of Lokyma, Nilssonia, Encephalartopsis, Phoenicopsis and Ginkgo ex gr. sibirica is extended from its previously known latest records in the early Campanian or middle Maastrichtian up to as late as the latest Maastrichtian or early Paleocene. It is very possible, that these typical Mesozoic taxa may have persisted into the Paleogene.

Enhancement of Indistinct Sequence Stratigraphic Correlations Using Geochemical Signatures: An Example from the Paleozoic Successions Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaruf Hussain ◽  
Abduljamiu Amao ◽  
Khalid Al-Ramadan ◽  
Lamidi Babalola ◽  
John Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Stratigraphic Correlation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic

Abstract The Paleozoic sequence in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) represents a thick succession of carbonate, shale, and siltstone/sandstone lithologies that were deposited in a range of environments. This succession hosts abundant unconventional reservoirs with huge amount of natural gas reserves. However, similarity in lithologies and poor biostratigraphic constrains are making facies analysis, stratigraphic correlation, and geosteering applications problematic. In this study, we documented the use of an automated statistical protocol for the identification of chemofacies and correlatable chemozones within highly homogenous formations.

scholarly journals Facies and stratigraphic framework of a Khuff outcrop equivalent: Saiq and Mahil formations, Al Jabal al-Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman

GeoArabia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Koehrer ◽  
Michael Zeller ◽  
Thomas Aigner ◽  
Michael Poeppelreiter ◽  
Paul Milroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Oman Mountains ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Al Jabal Al Akhdar ◽  
Fifth Order

ABSTRACT The Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Khuff Formation is one of the most important reservoir intervals in the Middle East. This study presents a sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Khuff Formation of a well-exposed outcrop in the Oman Mountains, which may provide a reference section for correlations across the entire Middle East. On the Saiq Plateau of the Al Jabal al-Akhdar, the Permian Upper Saiq Formation is time-equivalent to the Lower and Middle Khuff Formation (K5–K3 reservoir units in Oman). The Permian section is dominated by graded skeletal and peloidal packstones and cross-bedded grainstones with a diverse marine fauna. The Lower Mahil Member (Induan Stage), time-equivalent to the Upper Khuff Formation (K2–K1 reservoir units in Oman), is dominated by grainstones composed of microbially-coated intra-clasts and ooids. In general, the studied outcrop is characterized by a very high percentage of grain-dominated textures representing storm-dominated shoal to foreshoal deposits of a paleogeographically more distal portion of the Khuff carbonate ramp. A sequence-stratigraphic analysis was carried out by integrating lithostratigraphic marker beds, facies cycles, bio- and chemostratigraphy. The investigated outcrop section was subdivided into six third-order sequences, named KS 6 to KS 1. KS 6–KS 5 are interpreted to correspond to the Murgabian to Midian (ca. Wordian to Capitanian) stages. KS 4-Lower KS 2 correspond to the Dzhulfian (Wuchiapingian) to Dorashamian (Changhsingian) stages. Upper KS 2–KS 1 represent the Triassic Induan stage. Each of the six sequences was further subdivided into fourth-order cycle sets and fifth-order cycles. The documentation of this outcrop may contribute to a better regional understanding of the Khuff Formation on the Arabian Platform.

scholarly journals Evaluation of knowledge and education of physicians to diabetic patients in primary care in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4370
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Hassan ◽  
Eman A. Altooarki ◽  
Ahmad A. Alshomali ◽  
Othman A. Alhejeely ◽  
Mohammed A. Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Generalized Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Effective treatment of diabetes is not enough alone, there must be education and training from physicians and nurses to patients. To achieve education in correct manner there must be enough knowledge of physicians to apply care and teaching of these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and education of physicians to diabetic patients in primary care in Saudi Arabia.Methods: Successive evaluation investigation through questionnaire. The work universe was made up of the 83 service areas of the 15 municipalities of Saudi Arabia, the sample of the total of the incorporated areas was initially made up of 625 health providers and 2,171 people with diabetes.Results: At the beginning of the study, the highest percentage of health providers surveyed declared that they did not know (78%) or that it was not defined (16.6) who should educate the person with diabetes, while the results at the end of the study show that 32% mentioned the doctor and the nurse and 62.7 the entire team of work (p=0.000) with a more adequate vision on the definition of responsibility for the fulfilment of this task and a generalized knowledge (97.5) of the existence of an education program in d diabetes that was useful for their compliance.Conclusions: Extension of the diabetes education program to Saudi Arabia achieved a significant change in the opinions of health providers on the health problem.

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