scholarly journals The Carboniferous Arc of the North Pamir

Lithosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Rembe ◽  
Edward R. Sobel ◽  
Jonas Kley ◽  
Renjie Zhou ◽  
Rasmus Thiede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
The North ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mantle Component ◽  
The Common ◽  
West Kunlun ◽  
Intrusive Phase

Abstract In this study, we investigate the age and geochemical variability of volcanic arc rocks found in the Chinese, Kyrgyz, and Tajik North Pamir in Central Asia. New geochemical and geochronological data together with compiled data from the literature give a holistic view of an early to mid-Carboniferous intraoceanic arc preserved in the northeastern Pamir. This North Pamir volcanic arc complex involves continental slivers in its western reaches and transforms into a Cordilleran-style collision zone with arc-magmatic rocks. These are hosted in part by Devonian to Carboniferous oceanic crust and the metamorphic Kurguvad basement block of Ediacaran age (maximum deposition age) in Tajikistan. We discuss whether a sliver of Carboniferous subduction-related basalts and intruded tonalites close to the Chinese town of Mazar was part of the same arc. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons, together with whole rock geochemistry derived from tonalitic to granodioritic intrusions, reveals a major Visean to Bashkirian intrusive phase between 340 and 320 Ma ago. This clearly postdates Paleozoic arc-magmatic activity in the West Kunlun by ~100 Ma. This observation, along with geochemical evidence for a more pronounced mantle component in the Carboniferous arc-magmatic rocks of the North Pamir, disagrees with the common model of a continuous Kunlun belt from the West Kunlun into the North Pamir. Moreover, Paleozoic oceanic units younger than and west of the Tarim cratonic crust challenge the idea of a continuous cratonic Tarim-Tajik continent beneath the Pamir.

No continuous suture between Kudi and Oytag: new evidence from geochronology and geochemistry data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Rembe ◽  
Edward R. Sobel ◽  
Jonas Kley ◽  
Renjie Zhou ◽  
Rasmus Thiede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The North ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mantle Component ◽  
West Kunlun ◽  
Granitoid Intrusions ◽  
Paleozoic Rocks

<p>A lateral continuity between belts of mafic and ultramafic Paleozoic rocks found in the West Kunlun of Northern Tibet and comparable rocks, known from an outcrop in the Chinese North Pamir, has long been proposed. This led to the concept of an originally generally straight, E–W trending Oytag–Kudi suture zone. In turn, this paleogeographic model formed a key constraint for the hypothesis, that the Pamir has indented 300 km northward with respect to Tibet during the Cenozoic. We show, that the arc volcanic rocks found in the North Pamir are distinguishable from the units known from the West Kunlun.<br>The North Pamir is dominated by Paleozoic arc volcanic rocks. We present new geochemical and geochronological data to give a holistic view of an early to mid-Carboniferous arc complex. This belt was previously identified as an intraoceanic arc in the northeastern North Pamir. Our data yields evidence for a gradual lateral change towards the west into a Cordilleran-style arc in the Tajik North Pamir. Large leucocratic granitoid intrusions are hosted in part by Devonian to Carboniferous oceanic crust and the metamorphic Kurguvad basement block of Ediacaran age (maximum deposition age) in Tajikistan. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons, together with whole rock geochemistry derived from tonalitic to granodioritic intrusions, reveal a major Visean to Bashkirian intrusive phase between 340 and 320 Ma ago.<br>The West Kunlun experienced two major intrusive phases, connected with arc-volcanic activity — a first phase during Proto-Tethys closure in Ordovician and Silurian times and a second phase connected to the Triassic Paleo-Tethys closure. The Carboniferous arc-volcanic phase in the North Pamir clearly postdates Paleozoic arc-magmatic activity in the West Kunlun by ~100 Ma. This observation, along with geochemical evidence for a more pronounced mantle component in the Carboniferous arc-magmatic rocks of the North Pamir, disagrees with the common model of a continuous Kunlun belt from the West Kunlun into the North Pamir. Moreover, Paleozoic oceanic units younger than and west of Tarim cratonic crust challenge the idea of a continuous cratonic Tarim-Tajik continent beneath the Pamir.</p>

The dialect of Shahrud (Khalkhāl)

1959 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yarshater
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Common Language ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
The Common

The object of this paper is to give preliminary information about Shāhrudi, one of the Iranian dialects spoken in Khalkhāl, the south-eastern province of Āzarbāijān lying between the Caspian province of Tālesh to the east, Ardabil to the north, Zanjān to the south, and Miyāna(j) to the west.Our information about the Iranian dialects of Āzarbāijān, where a form of Turkish is the common language, has until recently been very defective. The scanty material available was summed up by Professor W. B. Henning in a recent article. Since then, however, several studies of the current dialects of Āzarbāijān have been published.

The early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun mountains: New Constraint from the North Küda Pluton

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Jiliang Li ◽  
Quanli Hou
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Kunlun Mountains ◽  
West Kunlun

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Position of the Portus Lemanis of the Romans

Archaeologia ◽  
1867 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Thomas Lewin
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
South Side ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

The Portus Lemanis must clearly have been one of the great thoroughfares between Britain and the Continent, and it is not a little singular that the position of a port once so famous should never have been satisfactorily settled. The common impression is that it lay at the foot of Lymne Hill. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with this neighbourhood, I should mention, in limine, that the village of Lymne or Lympne stands about 2½ miles to the west of Hythe, on the highest part of the cliff which girds in the eastern portion of Romney Marsh. On the declivity of the hill, about half-way down, is seen the old Roman castrum, called Stuttfall, occupying 10 or 12 acres. There are walls on the north, east, and west, and the east and west walls run down to the marsh itself; but, what is remarkable, the south side towards the marsh had never any wall,” and hence the erroneous notion so generally prevalent that at the foot of the castrum was once the Portus Lemanis, and that in the course of ages the sea retired from Lymne, when the port shifted to West Hythe, and that the sea again retired, when the port was transferred to Hythe. I shall endeavour to show that these changes, if they ever occurred, must have preceded the historic period, and that in the time of the Romans, as for many centuries afterwards, the only port was Hythe. In fact Portus and Hythe are the same thing, Portus in Latin being Hyð in Saxon.

Feeding, growth and reproduction of the marine planktonic copepod Temora longicornis Müller

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Harris ◽  
G.-A. Paffenhöfer
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

INTRODUCTIONThe copepod Temora longicornis Miiller is one of the common zooplankton species in the North Sea and adjacent waters. All developmental stages have been recorded throughout the year off the west coast of Sweden, Temora being considered more common in offshore than inshore waters (Eriksson, 1973). In Loch Striven on the west coast of Scotland it was abundant only in summer, living mainly near the surface (Marshall, 1949). Similarly in the English Channel off Plymouth Temora is present mainly during the summer months (Digby, 1950). T. longicornis was found throughout the year in the Northfrisian Waddensea with temperatures ranging from ca. 1–20 °C (K¨nne, 1952).

A Triassic-Jurassic westward scissor-like subduction history of the Mudanjiang Ocean and amalgamation of the Jiamusi Block in NE China: Constraints from whole-rock geochemistry and zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes of the Zhangguangcai Range granitoids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maohui Ge ◽  
Jinjiang Zhang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Kai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Transition ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of

<p>NE China recorded the key tectonic evolution history of the Eurasian Plate from the Paleozoic-Mesozoic<br>collisional formation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the Mesozoic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean.<br>To better understand this tectonic transition, it is crucial to constrain the time and pattern of the initial subduc-<br>tion of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. Recently, someresearchers proposed that theMudanjiang Ocean existed between<br>the Songnen and Jiamusi blockswas part of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. Here, through geochemical and geochrono-<br>logical studies on the widespread granitoids in the Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Range in the eastern Songnen<br>Block, we verify that these magmatic rocks show volcanic arc affinity with increased mantle contribution from<br>east to thewest of the range, likely related to a flattening subduction of theMudanjiang Ocean. In addition, a uni-<br>versal westward younging trend for over 70 Myr can be observed for the granitoids throughout the Lesser<br>Xing'an-ZhangguangcaiRange, indicating a long-lastingsubductionof theMudanjiangOcean.More interestingly,<br>the oldest ages of the granitoids in the east display a northward younging trend from275Ma to 218Ma, suggest-<br>ing that the subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean had been initiated at latest by 275 Ma in the south and then<br>progressively expanded to the north. Based on these observations, we proposed a new tectonic evolution<br>model for theMudanjiang Ocean, i.e., a Triassic-Jurassicwestward scissor-like subduction and closure, to contrib-<br>ute to the understanding of the early subduction of the Paleo-PacificOcean</p>

The Bronze Athena at Byzantium

1947 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. H. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Bronze Statue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

1. A Bronze statue of Athena, armed, stood in the Forum of Constantine at Constantinople. This fact is witnessed by three well-known passages:(a) Arethas, bishop of Caesareia (ninth to tenth centuries), commenting on a passage of Aristeides, wrote: ‘I believe this (i.e., the Pheidian χαλκῆ Ἀθηνᾶ of Aristeides, Κατὰ τῶν Ἐξορχουμένων, p. 408) is the one set up in the Forum of Constantine, at the porch of the council-chamber, or senate, as they call it now; facing it, on the right-hand side of the porch as you go in, is Thetis, the ⟨mother⟩ of Achilles, with a crown of crabs. The common folk of to-day call the Athena “Earth” and Thetis “Sea”, being misled by the marine monsters on her head.’ (Cf. Kougeas in Laographia IV, 1913, 240, 241.)(b) Cedrenus (eleventh to twelfth centuries), after a note on the senate on the north side of the Forum, continues: ‘On the open square of the Forum stand two statues; to the west, that of Athena of Lindus, wearing a helmet and the monstrous Gorgon's head and snakes entwined about her neck (for so the ancients used to represent her image); and to the east, Amphitrite, with crabs' claws on her temples, which was also brought from Rhodes.’ (Cedrenus, ed. Bonn., I, p. 565; cf. Kougeas, loc. cit. sup.)

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

Rola Avarského Kaganátu Pri Vzniku Slovenčiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-236
Author(s):  
Martin Braxatoris ◽  
Michal Ondrejčík
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Language ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
North Edge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slovak Language

Abstract The paper proposes a basis of theory with the aim of clarifying the casual nature of the relationship between the West Slavic and non-West Slavic Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language. The paper links the absolute chronology of the Proto-Slavic language changes to historical and archaeological information about Slavs and Avars. The theory connects the ancient West Slavic core of the Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language with Sclaveni, and non-West Slavic core with Antes, which are connected to the later population in the middle Danube region. It presumes emergence and further expansion of the Slavic koiné, originally based on the non-West Slavic dialects, with subsequent influence on language of the western Slavic tribes settled in the north edge of the Avar Khaganate. The paper also contains a periodization of particular language changes related to the situation in the Khaganate of that time.

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