Structural evolution of the early Miocene in the eastern Betic internal-external zone boundary (SE Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Enrique Tent-Manclu ◽  
Manuel Martin-Martin ◽  
Jose Antonio Martin-Perez ◽  
Francisco Serrano

Abstract The Internal-External Zone boundary (IEZB) in the eastern Betic Cordillera partially coincides with the Cadiz-Alicante Accident, mainly a major transcurrent fault of N060E direction. The study of an area located along the IEZB at a point where it separates from the Cadiz-Alicante accident has provided details concerning the geodynamic evolution of the cordillera at the moment of its structuration. Here the Internal Zone, consists of rocks assigned to the Malaguide Complex, dating its last sedimentation to the Aquitanian, and deposits assigned to the Vinuela Group (early-middle Burdigalian). The nappes of the Internal Zone were emplaced during the latest Aquitanian and the Vinuela Group (here the El Nino Formation) sealed it but was afterwards affected by the collision with the External Zone. On the other side of the boundary, the External Zone comprises two tectonic units: the Penarrubia Unit (late Cretaceous-middle Burdigalian), which is made up mainly of limestones and marls, and the El Frances Chaotic Complex composed by a set of different lithologies, all from the External Zone in a marly matrix that could be interpreted as a collisional melange formed in the early-middle Burdigalian. The contact between the two domains corresponds to a backthrust of the External Zone over the Internal Zone which occurred in the middle Burdigalian. The deposits sealing the IEZB are dated by calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera as late Burdigalian, and comprise clasts from both domains.

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-527
Author(s):  
Lidia Lonergan ◽  
John Platt ◽  
Liam Gallagher

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Lonergan ◽  
John Paul Platt ◽  
Liam Gallagher

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Martín-Martín ◽  
Carlos Sanz de Galdeano ◽  
Francisco Juan García-Tortosa ◽  
Iván Martín-Rojas

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martín-Martín ◽  
B. El Mamoune ◽  
A. Martín-Algarra ◽  
J.A. Martín-Pérez

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essaïd Bilal

Minerais de berílio (berilo, fenaquita e helvita) são constituintes de veios a quartzo-muscovita e veios de siderofilita. Noalbitito, somente a fenaquita e a helvita estão presentes. Este trabalho refere-se à ocorrência do maciço de Sucuri (Goiás, Brasil),às helvitas dos skarns de Costabonne, França e às helvitas de veios a quartzo-wolframita de Dajishan, China.O estudo paragenético, geoquímico e experimental de helvitas (Mn, Zn, Fe)8 Be6 Si6 O24 S2 analisadas leva à uma novadefinição da fórmula estrutural deste mineral que, por analogia àquela da hauyna é (Mn, Zn, Fe)8-x Nax Be6 Si6 O24 S2-x Clx. Àssubstituições clássicas Zn-Fe-Mn, se ajuntam as substituições do tipo: Cl-S e Be-Li. O Li substitui o Be na estrutura da helvita, odéficit de carga elétrica resultante é compensado pela introdução de Na na estrutura. A substituição Cl-S foi confirmada porestudo experimental. Restrições de ordem geoquímica desempenham um importante papel na introdução de terras raras na estruturada helvita, de modo que num ambiente francamente alcalino, a helvita concentra mais facilmente as terras raras pesadas.A danalita (pólo ferrífero da helvita) cristaliza-se em um domínio de fugacidade do enxofre e do oxigênio muito limitado eque corresponde ao domínio de estabilidade da pirrotita. A genthelvita (pólo zincífero da helvita) é estável em um extensodomínio de fugacidade do enxofre e oxigênio. Ao contrário, a helvita (pólo manganesífero da série) se desenvolve em umdomínio de fugacidade de oxigênio moderado e de fugacidade do enxofre suficientemente extenso e comparável àquele dagenthelvita.A formação de mineralização de berílio de composição variável nos skarns resultaria, seja da sucessão de soluções tardiasricas em sílica (se a razão Si/Al é alta, a fenaquita ou a helvita se cristalizam) atuando sobre a paragênese aluminosa (musgravita,crisoberilo) formada precocemente, seja da fraca migração de Al em relação a Si. Neste último caso, a paragênese aluminosa(musgravita, crisoberilo) terá uma distribuição limitada. A atividade da alumina desempenha um papel essencial na variação dacomposição dos minerais de berílio. Se ela é fraca, a fenaquita e/ou helvita são estáveis e se ela é forte o berilo e o crisoberilo oua musgravita são estáveis.Entretanto, o aumento da atividade de alguns elementos (Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn ou alcalinos) tendendo a incorporarem alumina nasgranadas ou nos feldspatos será um fator desfavorável para a formação do berilo. Assim, a helvita é um mineral tipicamenteestável nos skarns cálcicos e se associa à fenaquita nas rochas submetidas ao metassomatismo alcalino. Por outro lado, o beriloaparece normalmente em condições onde um fluido ácido se separa de líquidos graníticos muito evoluidos (aplopegmatito).A genthelvita é estável sob condições alcalinas e oxidantes. ABSTRACT: Beryllium-bearing minerals (beryl, phenacite, helvite) are present in the quartz-muscovite and siderophyllite veins. In thealbitites, only phenacite and helvite (Fe,Zn,Mn)8Be6(SiO4)6S2 are found. Besides the Sucuri deposits, we studied also helvitesfrom the northern skarn of Costabonne (France) and from quartz-wolframite veins of Dajishan (China). Paragenetic and geochemicaldata on helvites from these three occurences lead to propose a new structural formula:(Mn,Zn,Fe)8-xNax Be6 Si6 O24 S2-xClx, analogous to that of haüyne.To the standard substitutions Zn-Fe-Mn in helvite, we may add substitutions like Cl-S and Be-Li. Lithium probably replacesberyllium in the structure of helvite, the charge deficit being balanced by the entry of sodium. Crystal chemical constraints clearlyplay an important role for the incorporation of REE in helvite, but, in an alkaline context, helvite shows preference for heavyREE.Danalite (the Fe end-member of helvite) is stable in a very limited domain of fS2 and fO2, which coincides with that ofpyrrhotite. Genthelvite (Zn end-member) is stable in a large domain of fS2 and fO2. On the other hand, helvite (Mn end-member)is stable in conditions of moderate fO2 and for a range of fS2 relatively large compared to that of genthelvite. In Sucuri,Goiás,Brazil, the ilmenites of the internal zone (where genthelvite is found) contain 16% of hematite, whereas those of the external zonecontain no hematite. The zonations observed within the helvite crystals (genthelvite core and danalite border) reflect the variationsof fS2 and fO2.The compositional variations of the beryllium minerals observed in skarns may be explained by the following processes:- either a late arrival of silica-rich solutions (high Si/Al ratio, presence of phenacite or helvite) within early formed aluminarichparageneses (musgravite, chrysoberyl),- or a limited mobility of Al relatively to Si, which would induce a limited extension of the aluminous parageneses (musgravite,chrysoberyl).The activity of aluminium plays an essential role in the stability of the beryllium minerals: phenacite and/or helvite are stablewhen it is low, and beryl, chrysoberyl or musgravite when it is high. However, the increase of activity of other elements (Ca, Mn,Fe, Zn, alkalis) that would induce the formation of minerals incorporating alumina (garnet or felspars) would be unfavourable tothe formation of beryl. Helvite is thus typically stable in calcic skarns, and it is associated with phenacite in the rocks submittedto alkaline metasomatism. Beryl, on the contrary, normally appears when acidic fluids separates from highly evolved graniticmagmas (aplopegmatitic stage).The zonation of helvite crystals in albitites (genthelvite core, danalite border) reflects the decrease of alkalinity of the fluids.This zonation on the crystal scale is also observed on the outcrop scale: helvite composition varies from Ge64Da10He26 in theinternal zone to Ge23Da50He26 in the external zone. The same variation is observed in an albitized siderophyllite vein, fromGe25Da42He33 in a slightly albitized zone to Ge55Da39He22 in a highly albitized one. The formation of genthelvite is favoured, ascompared with the other members of the helvite group, by alkaline conditions.The compositional variations of helvite in the Sucuri massif would result from variations in fS2 and fO2 in the fluids. Genthelviteis stable under alkaline and oxydizing conditions.


Derrida Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Grant Farred

‘The Final “Thank You”’ uses the work of Jacques Derrida and Friedrich Nietzsche to think the occasion of the 1995 rugby World Cup, hosted by the newly democratic South Africa. This paper deploys Nietzsche's Zarathustra to critique how a figure such as Nelson Mandela is understood as a ‘Superman’ or an ‘Overhuman’ in the moment of political transition. The philosophical focus of the paper, however, turns on the ‘thank yous’ exchanged by the white South African rugby captain, François Pienaar, and the black president at the event of the Springbok victory. It is the value, and the proximity and negation, of the ‘thank yous’ – the relation of one to the other – that constitutes the core of the article. 1


Paragraph ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Haun Saussy

‘Translation’ is one of our all-purpose metaphors for almost any kind of mediation or connection: we ask of a principle how it ‘translates’ into practice, we announce initiatives to ‘translate’ the genome into predictions, and so forth. But the metaphor of translation — of the discovery of equivalents and their mutual substitution — so attracts our attention that we forget the other kinds of inter-linguistic contact, such as transcription, mimicry, borrowing or calque. In a curious echo of the macaronic writings of the era of the dawn of print, the twentieth century's avant-garde, already foreseeing the end of print culture, experimented with hybrid languages. Their untranslatability under the usual definitions of ‘translation’ suggests a revival of this avant-garde practice, as the mainstream aesthetic of the moment invests in ‘convergence’ and the subsumption of all media into digital code.


Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
◽  
Victor M. Varshitsky ◽  
Andrey A. Belkin ◽  
◽  
...  

The article contains the comparative results of the experimental and calculated research of the strength of a pipeline with such defects as “metal loss” and “dent with groove”. Two coils with diameter of 820 mm and the thickness of 9 mm of 19G steel were used for full-scale pipe sample production. One of the coils was intentionally damaged by machining, which resulted in “metal loss” defect, the other one was dented (by press machine) and got groove mark (by chisel). The testing of pipe samples was performed by applying static internal pressure to the moment of collapse. The calculation of deterioration pressure was carried out with the use of national and foreign methodical approaches. The calculated values of collapsing pressure for the pipe with loss of metal mainly coincided with the calculation experiment results based on Russian method and ASME B31G. In case of pipe with dent and groove the calculated value of collapsing pressure demonstrated greater coincidence with Russian method and to a lesser extent with API 579/ASME FFS-1. In whole, all calculation methods demonstrate sufficient stability of results, which provides reliable operation of pipelines with defects.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document