AN ANALYSIS OF OUT OF POCKET EDUCATION EXPENDITURES IN TURKEY: LOGIT AND TOBIT MODELS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem KUVAT ◽  
Özlem AYVAZ KIZILGÖL
Keyword(s):  
Tobit Models ◽  
Education Expenditures

Federal Preclusion of State Certificate-of-Need Exemptions for Research and Education Expenditures

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Lois D. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Certificate Of Need ◽  
Research Expenditures ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractThe National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 requires each state to enact a certificate-of-need program in compliance with federal standards in order to remain eligible for continued receipt of federal funds for health resource development after 1980. This Note contends that the Act and related HEW regulations preclude states from exempting health care facilities’ research expenditures and education expenditures from the scope of the states’ certificate-of-need programs. The Note recommends that, as an alternative to such state exemptions, each state develop a streamlined certificate-of-need procedure that fulfills federal requirements while efficiently meeting the special needs of research and education projects.

The Effect of Rural Poverty on Access to Land in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522097106
Author(s):  
Kassie Dessie Nigussie ◽  
Assefa Admassie ◽  
M. K. Jayamohan
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Poverty Status

Land ownership and its persistent gap between rich and poor is one of the pressing development challenges in Africa. Access to land has fundamental implications for a poor and agrarian African economy like Ethiopia, where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Empirical literatures suggest that access to land is a cause and effect of poverty—at the same time, the role of poverty status of the household in gaining or limiting access to land has received only a passing attention from researchers. This study investigates the effect of ‘being poor’ on access to land using ordered probit and censored tobit models. Three wave panel data of Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) collected between 2011–12 and 2015–16 are used for the analysis. The study result confirms that poverty does have significant effect on household’s participation and intensity of participation on both sides of the rental market. It is found that being poor, as compared to non-poor counterpart, leads to an increase in the likelihood of rent-in land by 0.068 hectare and reduce the likelihood of rent-out land by 0.046 hectare at 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively. The tenants are not characterised as economically disadvantaged reflecting the existence of reverse tenancy among rural poor in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Question 1 tobacco education expenditures in Massachusetts, USA

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Begay ◽  
S. A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Tobacco Education

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOKO NIIMI ◽  
BARRY REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This paper investigates the role of gender in remittance behavior among migrants using the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey data. The gender dimension to remittance behavior has not featured strongly in the existing literature and our findings thus contain novel appeal. In addition, we use estimates from both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tobit models to decompose the raw gender difference in remittances into treatment and endowment components. We find little evidence that gender differences in remittances are attributable to behavioral differences between men and women, and this finding is invariant to whether the homoscedastic or heteroscedastic tobit is used in estimation.

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