scholarly journals Ethiopia: A Democratic Developmental State?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. Fesseha Mulu Gebremariam ◽  
MA. Abtewold Moges Bayu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The ruling Ethiopia People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in its notable second reform appraisal held in the aftermath of the 2005 national election concluded that the utmost priority of the government should be realizing fastest and sustainable economic growth that fairly benefits its citizens’ unless the very existence of the country wouldn’t be guaranteed. Given the history of poverty reduction in developing countries, particularly in Africa, EPRDF realized that it is unthinkable to eradicate poverty from Ethiopia adopting neo-liberalism. Above all, the miraculous economic transformation of the South East Asian countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong has proved that there is another way to development, not just neo-liberalism. Accordingly, EPRDF, after examining South Korea’s and Taiwan’s history of economic development in particular where both countries have had a large section of rural population unlike Hong Kong and Singapore where both are urban, found ‘developmental state’ relevant to Ethiopia. However, unlike these countries which were originally under non-democratic regimes where their leaders fear the rural peasant and external aggression from their communist rivals, EPRDF has had a great support of rural and urban population with no imminent foreign threat(s), and decided to execute the ideology rather under the umbrella of democracy. Therefore, employing secondary sources, this desk study aims to analyze whether Ethiopia is a ‘democratic developmental state?’ And, concludes that given the practices of the government vis-a-vis the principles of democracy and developmental state, Ethiopia couldn’t be taken as best model for democratic developmental state, rather emerging developmental state.

scholarly journals Dari Medan Perang Berburu Lapangan Pekerjaan: Pengangguran Revolusi di Yogyakarta Tahun 1950-an

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Rika Inggit Asmawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Independent Country ◽  
Unemployment Problem ◽  
Economic Improvement

This research discusses about the social economic history of Yogyakarta during 1950s. The main problem is to analyze how the newly independent country of Indonesia dealt with unemployment after the revolutionary period. This research employs the historical method using primary and secondary sources, such as archives, newspapers, magazines, interviews, and reviews of relevant references. There are four conclusions in this research. First, although the period was called as the period of creating jobs, the unemployment number in early 1950s was increasing. Second, this unemployment problem was not primarily caused by the economic condition but also by demographic problems and the legacies from the Revolution Era. Third, people who were categorized as unemployed were not only labors, but also veterans. Fourth, for the government, solving this unemployment problem was the effort to create economic improvement for its society.

Don’t Ask, Do(n’t) Tell: Homeschooling in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Esther ERLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
History Of ◽  
1997 Handover ◽  
The Government

AbstractHong Kong’s history of compulsory schooling (as opposed to education) commenced under colonial rule and has been maintained by the local government following the 1997 Handover. Beyond the exception of “reasonable cause,” homeschooling, or elective home education, is in principle prohibited under the laws of Hong Kong. However, there is evidence of a growing homeschooling community in Hong Kong that relies on loopholes in the law and an apparent de facto government policy to operate. This article sets out the background, legal framework, and homeschooling practice in Hong Kong. It criticizes the current situation from the perspectives of legal certainty and children’s rights. The author suggests that the government should take action to devise clear laws and public policy in relation to elective home education.

Ethiopia’s Constitutional Framework and Legal Institutions for Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
Belachew Mekuria Fikre ◽  
Menberetsehai Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Developmental State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Transplantation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Development Model

Though one of the key organizing principles that underpin the current constitution is the creation of a single economic community, the country’s long history of legal transplantation does not necessarily complement this aspiration. This chapter examines how the state-managed developmental enterprise continuously negotiates with the rather ‘foreign’ legal elements, usually to the former’s detriment. The chapter takes a closer look at some of the key elements of the constitution and legal institutions vital for economic growth. Ethiopia’s federal state system together with the developmental state approach can only positively contribute to the creation of a single economic community when some of the key areas in the country’s legal development are revisited to align with its economic development model. The various areas examined in this work demonstrate the dilemmas faced when using law as instrument to achieve economic progress under the developmental state policy of the government in power.

State Formation and Education in Hong Kong

Asian Survey ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Lau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
National Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education In Hong Kong

This article examines the connection between pro-Beijing schools and national education, focusing on the shaping of national education in the history of Hong Kong. The study also illuminates the similarities in national educational practices between the government-approved post-1997 model and the traditions of these pro-Beijing schools.

scholarly journals Educational Status of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj District of Odisha in East India : A Psychological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2915-2927
Author(s):  
Fagu Tudu, Ratnakar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Hill

Education in tribal societies has helped in maintenance of social structure and goal attainment for a sustained living. The Hill Kharias are the primitive tribal people of Mayurbhanj of the state of Odisha in Eastern India. The development of education of the Hill Kharia community/society of Mayurbhanj is the main aspect of the improvement of the primitive tribal communities of the state of Odisha. The Government of India issued directions vide the letter. No. 20018 5/81- ITDA dated 27th April 1980 for the identification of Primitive Tribal Groups, keeping in view the facts that attention to certain tribal groups’ backwardness. In India Hill Kharia is one of the primitive tribal groups living mainly in the forest and hilly covered areas of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Mentally, the people of Hill Kharia tribe of Mayurbhanj are very weak, because of lack of proper education, awareness, adequate foodstuffs, for which they are backward in present society. Odisha has possessed a distinct place in tribal history of India and it is the home of a number of different types of tribes. Different development programmes for education have been implemented through the different govt. or Non govt. agencies. On the basis of field study made by the earlier scholars including the present authors, the Hill Kharias are residing in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The aim of this paper is to focus on educational status of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Methodologically, both the primary and secondary sources have been used in the present article.

scholarly journals Recovery of tropical marine benthos after a trawl ban demonstrates linkage between abiotic and biotic changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Kenneth M. Y. Leung ◽  
Yik-Hei Sung ◽  
David Dudgeon ◽  
Jian-Wen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

AbstractBottom trawling, which is highly detrimental to seabed habitats, has been banned in some jurisdictions to mitigate the problems of habitat destruction and overfishing. However, most reports of ecosystem responses to trawling impacts originate from temperate latitudes, focusing on commercial species, and recovery of invertebrate macrobenthos from trawl ban has hardly ever been studied in the tropics. In Hong Kong (lat. 22.4°N), a history of intensive trawling with various types of gears has long degraded coastal ecosystems. To facilitate the recovery of fisheries resources and associated benthic ecosystems, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region implemented a territory-wide trawl ban on December 31, 2012. Comparison of surveys conducted in June 2012 (before the trawl ban) and June 2015 (2.5 years after the ban) revealed higher organic contents in sediment and lower suspended-solid loads in water column, as well as a significant increase in site-based abundance, species richness, functional diversity and among-site similarity of macrobenthos after the trawl ban. Our results suggest that the imposition of a trawl ban can be an effective measure for biodiversity conservation in tropical coastal waters.

scholarly journals Increase The State Of Poverty In Jordan During The Period 2010-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Jameel Aljaloudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
Poverty Lines ◽  
The Government

This research aims to study the change in poverty rates in Jordan and the governorates during the period 2010-2017. In estimating poverty rates, the method used by the government in the report on the state of poverty in Jordan for the year 2012 was adopted. This method is similar to the method of the World Bank in estimating global poverty rates. In assessing poverty lines for the year 2017, poverty lines for the year 2010 were re-estimated based on the change in inflation rates and the change in the standard household size at the national and governorate levels during the period 2010-2017. The research relied on national and international secondary sources to collect data related to income, economic growth, and unemployment. Mainly, in this research, reference was made to the Household Income and Expenditure Survey for the year 2010 and 2017 that was conducted by the Jordanian Department of General Statistics. The results of the research showed a significant increase in poverty rates at the national level. It increased from (14.4%) in 2010 to (22.2%) in 2017. With the exception of Ma’an Governorate, all governorates showed a significant increase in their poverty rates. The results also showed the great variation in poverty rates between governorates. These results indicate that the goals contained in the government’s poverty reduction strategies have not been achieved. The reason is not only due to the content and implementation of these plans, but also to the slowdown in economic growth rates and the high unemployment rates since 2010. It is also expected that the rise in the state of poverty will continue due to the deterioration of the economic conditions and will continue with the Corona pandemic, the end of which cannot be foreseen. This situation constitutes more pressure on the government to provide appropriate solutions to alleviate the state of poverty, especially in the difficult fiscal conditions it has faced recently. Keywords: poverty, welfare economic, income distribution, economic growth, unemployment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND POVERTY REDUCTION OF BANGLADESH

10.26458/1819 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Haradhan Kumar MOHAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Government

This study aims to investigate the food production and poverty reduction of Bangladesh in brief. Although the country faces various problems for the economic progress since the independent in 1971, in the last forty eight years the increase of food production and poverty reduction of the country became remarkably. Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country in the southern Asia. The Government of Bangladesh is trying efficiently to reduce poverty of the country. In Bangladesh about 20% of the populations still live below the poverty line, heavily undernourished with inadequate access to safe and nutritious food for a healthy life. The data of the study were collected through the secondary sources of the country. In Bangladesh, during 2000 to 2005, income poverty reduced from 48.9% to 40.0%, 2010 to 2016 reduced from 31.50% to 20%, and in 2018 it is expected to reduce in 16%. An attempt has been taken here to show the ways to increase more food production and poverty reduction of the country.

scholarly journals Socio-economic development through the exploitation of natural resources in rural South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Akwasi Arko-Achemfuor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural South Africa

South Africa has many developmental challenges but three have been identified as affecting each other. The three challenges are unemployment, poverty and inequality. The Second Quarter Report by Statistics South Africa (STATSSA) confirms that poverty, unemployment and inequality are highest in rural areas and most especially among people with no or little education. Meanwhile, many people in rural South Africa have access to land which can be used to produce food for the ever increasing population in both the rural and urban areas, as well as for export and other value adding agribusinesses. The task of addressing the challenges of poor communities calls for a multi-stakeholder approach which can include the private sector, NGOs, communities, traditional leaders and the state coming together to pursue economic transformation in rural South Africa by tapping into the natural resources nature has provided for the communities. This article reports on how some stakeholders have come together to transform a rural community in South Africa. The paper uses qualitative data from personal and focus group interviews and observations as the main data collection instruments. The findings indicate that the stakeholders have been able to empower a community by tapping into and effectively using the natural resources in an area to transform it through collaborations and partnerships. The model is recommended to the government and development practitioners for adoption on how the natural resources that exist within communities can be exploited and effectively managed to transform rural economies to ensure inclusive growth and development.

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